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Chloramine Decomposition In Distribution System And Model Waters
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Author :Richard Louis Valentine Publisher :American Water Works Association ISBN 13 :0898679451 Total Pages :174 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (986 download)
Book Synopsis Chloramine Decomposition in Distribution System and Model Waters by : Richard Louis Valentine
Download or read book Chloramine Decomposition in Distribution System and Model Waters written by Richard Louis Valentine and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 1998 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization and Modeling of Chlorine Decay in Distribution Systems by : John J. Vasconcelos
Download or read book Characterization and Modeling of Chlorine Decay in Distribution Systems written by John J. Vasconcelos and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 1996 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessment of Chloramine and Chlorine Residual Decay in the Distribution System by : Zaid K. Chowdhury
Download or read book Assessment of Chloramine and Chlorine Residual Decay in the Distribution System written by Zaid K. Chowdhury and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-03-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maintaining chlorine and chloramine residual is a key factor that determines potability of distributed water. Decay of these disinfectants is affected by various water quality and infrastructure related factors. Understanding the decay of residuals in the distribution system is critical with respect to safe delivery of drinking water and in developing water quality models that can be used by utilities for the operation of potable water delivery systems. In order to comply with microbial and disinfection byproduct (M/DBP) regulations, water suppliers are continually investing in treatment processes for achieving greater levels of inactivation and DBP precursor removal. As a result of these changes in water quality, maintaining a disinfectant residual in the distribution system can be challenging Bench-scale testing has been used to determine the effect of advanced treatment (enhanced coagulation, granular activated carbon adsorption, ozonation, biofiltration, and ultraviolet irradiation) on chlorine and chloramine decay. Additional studies examine the effects of disinfectant dose, temperature, pH, blending, and rechlorination. The effects of water quality on pipe-wall demand were evaluated using the distribution system simulator at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Test and Evaluation Center. Several models are developed regarding disinfectant decay, making it easier to predict chlorine demand after changes in treatment. The multi-species water quality analysis and network path analysis extensions to EPANET will make the modeling package more robust and will allow utilities to predict chlorine residual at any point in their distribution system with greater confidence.
Book Synopsis Predictive Models for Water Quality in Distribution Systems by : J. Clement
Download or read book Predictive Models for Water Quality in Distribution Systems written by J. Clement and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2005-04-30 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are two groups of specialists involved in the development and application of water quality models, each of which have a different perspective on the use of models: Academics and scientists - chemistry specialists and microbiologists who develop the models. Practitioners - modelers and distribution engineers who use them to solve problems. There are limitations and constraints in the characterization of the underlying processes and the practical application of models to distribution networks, which require further research. The objectives of the research were to characterize the current state of predictive distribution system water quality models and to identify critical research needs for their improvement. The project reviewed both the development and application of models. The report is intended to both steer future research and to act as a general reference on water quality modeling. The report combines a literature review with the practical experience of the project team. The content of a draft report was discussed at an international workshop attended by academics, engineers, scientists, and hydraulic modelers with the objective of agreeing on specific research needs necessary to improve predictive modeling for water quality in distribution systems. The conclusions of the report are derived from the workshop and form the basis of 11 specific research briefs that have been submitted to AwwaRF for consideration of funding. Researchers often focus on modeling the individual processes that control water quality rather than fully modeling water quality throughout distribution systems. For these "process models" to be applied to real distribution networks, they need to be extended to take in account the physical characteristics of the system?the special and temporal variations in flow, velocity and water age, and the effects of mixing water that has traveled along different flow paths.
Book Synopsis Chloramine Effects on Distribution System Materials by : Steve Harold Reiber
Download or read book Chloramine Effects on Distribution System Materials written by Steve Harold Reiber and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 1993 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Gregory W. Harrington Publisher :American Water Works Association ISBN 13 :9781583212837 Total Pages :152 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (128 download)
Book Synopsis Ammonia from Chloramine Decay by : Gregory W. Harrington
Download or read book Ammonia from Chloramine Decay written by Gregory W. Harrington and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2003 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research report focused on the evaluation of the effects of pH on the inactivation of AOB by chloramines and effects of NOM removal and pH on the rate of ammonia release from the chloramine decay. It was found that water utilities should consider employing pretreatment practices that achieve great stability of chloramine residuals. in order to offset the expenses of periodic strategies to deal with nitrification. Other alternatives to consider for nitrification control are advanced NOM removal strategies or alternative pH values for water entering the distribution system.
Book Synopsis Drinking Water Distribution Systems by : National Research Council
Download or read book Drinking Water Distribution Systems written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-22 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.
Book Synopsis Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water by : M Fielding
Download or read book Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water written by M Fielding and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together contributors from water regulators, and water suppliers in Europe and North America to discuss the main issues associated with reaching a cost-effective balance between microbial and chemical risks. Overviews of research are presented alongside illuminating case studies of the practical approaches taken by water companies and regulators on both sides of the Atlantic.
Book Synopsis Ammonia Release from Chloramine Decay by : Christopher C. Bone
Download or read book Ammonia Release from Chloramine Decay written by Christopher C. Bone and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fundamentals and Control of Nitrification in Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution Systems (M56) by : AWWA Staff
Download or read book Fundamentals and Control of Nitrification in Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution Systems (M56) written by AWWA Staff and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2011-01-12 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brand new manual was written because of the increased use of chloramine as a residual disinfectant in drinking water distribution systems and the ubiquitous presence of nitrifying bacteria in the environment. Chapters cover background information on the occurrence and microbiology of nitrification in various water environments and provide current practical approaches to nitrification prevention and response. This manual provides a compendium of the current state-of-the-art knowledge, however with quickly developing new advances in nitrification, more writings will be forthcoming. Each chapter can be read independently.
Author :Gregory J. Kirmeyer Publisher :American Water Works Association ISBN 13 :9781583213315 Total Pages :278 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (133 download)
Book Synopsis Optimizing Chloramine Treatment by : Gregory J. Kirmeyer
Download or read book Optimizing Chloramine Treatment written by Gregory J. Kirmeyer and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2004 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual recommends optimal operational criteria for chloramine application to enhance and protect distribution system water quality. It examines the chemical characteristics of chloramines, documents the use of chloramines with case studies, and provides planning, design, startup, and monitoring strategies for optimizing the use of chloramines.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Factors Affecting Chloramine Stability in the City of Arlington's Water Distribution System by : Srinivas Prabakar
Download or read book Investigation of Factors Affecting Chloramine Stability in the City of Arlington's Water Distribution System written by Srinivas Prabakar and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this research four studies were conducted to investigate monochloramine stability in a water distribution system. The primary objective of the COA distribution study was to investigate and identify factors causing chloramine decay using data collected from the distribution system several times during the year and to generate a mathematical model of the decay. Sampling was done 3 times in the year 2009 and 2 times in the year 2010. Sampling data was analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Based on a multiple regression analysis, only pressure plane, total chlorine, and interactions of these two factors were significant in explaining total chlorine decay. The impact of pressure plane can be explained by the differences in the raw water. It was not possible to measure monochloramine decay but since monochloramine and total chlorine are significantly correlated it is likely that analysis of monochloramine decay would yield similar results. In the second study, the standard method for assimilable organic carbon (AOC) determination was compared to different methods; differential DOC by 20 days, 3 days, flow cytometry method using natural microbial consortium and by using pure culture. For 36 different samples, AOC values were found to be significantly different using the standard method and the proposed modified standard method using flow cytometry but they were well correlated (R2=0.96). AOC values by flow cytometry were on average 17.6% higher than those measured by the standard method. Flow cytometer enumeration reduces the time needed to perform the enumeration from 5 days to 1 hr which reduces the overall time required for the determination from 14 days to 9 days. Also, flow cytometer enumeration gives the flexibility to store the samples for the efficient use of the flow cytometer. The third study investigated the impact of pre-ozonation, intermediate ozonation, coagulation-floculation-sedimentation, biofiltration and chloramination on AOC concentration. From this study it is found that the pre-ozonation and intermediate ozonation increased the AOC concentrations. Pre-ozonation increased AOC concentration higher than intermediate ozonation and chloramination. The coagulation flocculation, and sedimentation processes and the biofiltration process reduced the AOC concentration from pre-ozonation and intermediate ozonation. Surprisingly, coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation reduced AOC more than bio-filtration. In the fourth study the monochloramine decay rate was studied as a function of temperature, initial concentration of biofilm, pH and AOC, each at two levels in the treated drinking water. Linear regression and ANOVA analysis were used for the investigation. From linear regression monochloramine decay and total chlorine decay were found to better fit a second order rate than zero or first order for the majority of treatments. The coefficient of determination, R2, for the monochloramine decay data from sixteen treatments fit with a second order reaction varied between 0.84 and 0.99. From ANOVA analysis it is found that presence of biofilm increased the monochloramine decay. Increased AOC increased the monochloramine decay in the longer water age while temperature and pH were not found to be significant factors. Total chlorine decay results were similar to monochloramine decay.
Book Synopsis White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants by : Black & Veatch Corporation
Download or read book White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants written by Black & Veatch Corporation and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 1109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New edition covers the latest practices, regulations, and alternative disinfectants Since the publication of the Fourth Edition of White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants more than ten years ago, the water industry has made substantial advances in their understanding and application of chlorine, hypochlorite, and alternative disinfectants for water and wastewater treatment. This Fifth Edition, with its extensive updates and revisions, reflects the current state of the science as well as the latest practices. Balancing theory with practice, the Fifth Edition covers such important topics as: Advances in the use of UV and ozone as disinfectants Alternative disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide, iodine, and bromine-related products Advanced oxidation processes for drinking water and wastewater treatment New developments and information for the production and handling of chlorine Latest regulations governing the use of different disinfectants For each disinfectant, the book explains its chemistry, effectiveness, dosing, equipment, and system design requirements. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of each disinfectant are clearly set forth. References at the end of each chapter guide readers to the primary literature for further investigation. Authored and reviewed by leading experts in the field of water and wastewater treatment, this Fifth Edition remains an ideal reference for utilities, regulators, engineers, and plant operators who need current information on the disinfection of potable water, wastewater, industrial water, and swimming pools.
Book Synopsis Long-Term Effects of Disinfection Changes on Water Quality by : John E. Dyksen
Download or read book Long-Term Effects of Disinfection Changes on Water Quality written by John E. Dyksen and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to many U.S. water utilities that are considering changing disinfectants from chlorine to alternative disinfectants, this research has been undertaken to gain knowledge of long-term effects.
Book Synopsis Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidants Guidance Manual by :
Download or read book Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidants Guidance Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EPA 815-R. written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of the Pipe-water Interface in DBP Formation and Disinfectant Loss by : Peter J. Vikesland
Download or read book The Role of the Pipe-water Interface in DBP Formation and Disinfectant Loss written by Peter J. Vikesland and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2000 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
