The China Order

Download The China Order PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438467508
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The China Order by : Fei-Ling Wang

Download or read book The China Order written by Fei-Ling Wang and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2017-08-07 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does the rise of China represent, and how should the international community respond? With a holistic rereading of Chinese longue durée history, Fei-Ling Wang provides a simple but powerful framework for understanding the nature of persistent and rising Chinese power and its implications for the current global order. He argues that the Chinese ideation and tradition of political governance and world order—the China Order—is based on an imperial state of Confucian-Legalism as historically exemplified by the Qin-Han polity. Claiming a Mandate of Heaven to unify and govern the whole known world or tianxia (all under heaven), the China Order dominated Eastern Eurasia as a world empire for more than two millennia, until the late nineteenth century. Since 1949, the People's Republic of China has been a reincarnated Qin-Han polity without the traditional China Order, finding itself stuck in the endless struggle against the current world order and the ever-changing Chinese society for its regime survival and security. Wang also offers new discoveries and assessments about the true golden eras of Chinese civilization, explains the great East-West divergence between China and Europe, and analyzes the China Dream that drives much of current Chinese foreign policy.

China on Paper

Download China on Paper PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Getty Publications
ISBN 13 : 1606060686
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (6 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis China on Paper by : Marcia Reed

Download or read book China on Paper written by Marcia Reed and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2011 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published to accompany the exhibition held at the Getty Research Institute, Nov. 6, 2007 to Feb. 10, 2008.

Has China Won?

Download Has China Won? PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : PublicAffairs
ISBN 13 : 1541768124
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (417 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Has China Won? by : Kishore Mahbubani

Download or read book Has China Won? written by Kishore Mahbubani and published by PublicAffairs. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The defining geopolitical contest of the twenty-first century is between China and the US. But is it avoidable? And if it happens, is the outcome already inevitable? China and America are world powers without serious rivals. They eye each other warily across the Pacific; they communicate poorly; there seems little natural empathy. A massive geopolitical contest has begun. America prizes freedom; China values freedom from chaos.America values strategic decisiveness; China values patience.America is becoming society of lasting inequality; China a meritocracy.America has abandoned multilateralism; China welcomes it. Kishore Mahbubani, a diplomat and scholar with unrivalled access to policymakers in Beijing and Washington, has written the definitive guide to the deep fault lines in the relationship, a clear-eyed assessment of the risk of any confrontation, and a bracingly honest appraisal of the strengths and weaknesses, and superpower eccentricities, of the US and China.

The Hundred-Year Marathon

Download The Hundred-Year Marathon PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Henry Holt and Company
ISBN 13 : 162779011X
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (277 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Hundred-Year Marathon by : Michael Pillsbury

Download or read book The Hundred-Year Marathon written by Michael Pillsbury and published by Henry Holt and Company. This book was released on 2015-02-03 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the U.S. government's leading China experts reveals the hidden strategy fueling that country's rise – and how Americans have been seduced into helping China overtake us as the world's leading superpower. For more than forty years, the United States has played an indispensable role helping the Chinese government build a booming economy, develop its scientific and military capabilities, and take its place on the world stage, in the belief that China's rise will bring us cooperation, diplomacy, and free trade. But what if the "China Dream" is to replace us, just as America replaced the British Empire, without firing a shot? Based on interviews with Chinese defectors and newly declassified, previously undisclosed national security documents, The Hundred-Year Marathon reveals China's secret strategy to supplant the United States as the world's dominant power, and to do so by 2049, the one-hundredth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic. Michael Pillsbury, a fluent Mandarin speaker who has served in senior national security positions in the U.S. government since the days of Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger, draws on his decades of contact with the "hawks" in China's military and intelligence agencies and translates their documents, speeches, and books to show how the teachings of traditional Chinese statecraft underpin their actions. He offers an inside look at how the Chinese really view America and its leaders – as barbarians who will be the architects of their own demise. Pillsbury also explains how the U.S. government has helped – sometimes unwittingly and sometimes deliberately – to make this "China Dream" come true, and he calls for the United States to implement a new, more competitive strategy toward China as it really is, and not as we might wish it to be. The Hundred-Year Marathon is a wake-up call as we face the greatest national security challenge of the twenty-first century.

Proletarian China

Download Proletarian China PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1839766344
Total Pages : 1149 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (397 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Proletarian China by : Ivan Franceschini

Download or read book Proletarian China written by Ivan Franceschini and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2022-06-07 with total page 1149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2021, the Chinese Communist Party celebrated a century of existence. Since the Party's humble beginnings in the Marxist groups of the Republican era to its current global ambitions, one thing has not changed for China's leaders: their claim to represent the vanguard of the Chinese working class. Spanning from the night classes for workers organised by student activists in Beijing in the 1910s to the labour struggles during the 1920s and 1930s; from the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution to the social convulsions of the reform era to China's global push today, this book reconstructs the contentious history of labour in China from the early twentieth century to this day (and beyond). This will be achieved through a series of essays penned by scholars in the field of Chinese society, politics, and culture, each one of which will revolve around a specific historical event, in a mosaic of different voices, perspectives, and interpretations of what constituted the experience of being a worker in China in the past century. Contributors: Corey Byrnes, Craig A. Smith, Xu Guoqi, Zhou Ruixue, Lin Chun, Elizabeth J. Perry, Tony Saich, Wang Kan, Gail Hershatter, Apo Leong, S.A. Smith, Alexander F. Day, Yige Dong, Seung-Joon Lee, Lu Yan, Joshua Howard, Bo renlund Srensen, Brian DeMare, Emily Honig, Po-chien Chen, Yi-hung Liu, Jake Werner, Malcolm Thompson, Robert Cliver, Mark W. Frazier, John Williams, Christian Sorace, Zhu Ruiyi, Ivan Franceschini, Chen Feng, Ben Kindler, Jane Hayward, Tim Wright, Koji Hirata, Jacob Eyferth, Aminda Smith, Fabio Lanza, Ralph Litzinger, Jonathan Unger, Covell F. Meyskens, Maggie Clinton, Patricia M. Thornton, Ray Yep, Andrea Piazzaroli Longobardi, Joel Andreas, Matt Galway, Michel Bonnin, A.C. Baecker, Mary Ann O'Donnell, Tiantian Zheng, Jeanne L. Wilson, Ming-sho Ho, Yueran Zhang, Anita Chan, Sarah Biddulph, Jude Howell, William Hurst, Dorothy J. Solinger, Ching Kwan Lee, Chlo Froissart, Mary Gallagher, Eric Florence, Junxi Qian, Chris King-chi Chan, Elaine Sio-Ieng Hui, Jenny Chan, Eli Friedman, Aaron Halegua, Wanning Sun, Marc Blecher, Huang Yu, Manfred Elfstrom, Darren Byler, Carlos Rojas, Chen Qiufan.

Worrying about China

Download Worrying about China PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674026216
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (262 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Worrying about China by : Gloria Davies

Download or read book Worrying about China written by Gloria Davies and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can we do about China? This question, couched in pessimism, is often raised in the West but it is nothing new to the Chinese, who have long worried about themselves. In the last two decades since the “opening” of China, Chinese intellectuals have been carrying on in their own ancient tradition of “patriotic worrying.”As an intellectual mandate, “worrying about China” carries with it the moral obligation of identifying and solving perceived “Chinese problems”—social, political, cultural, historical, or economic—in order to achieve national perfection. In Worrying about China, Gloria Davies pursues this inquiry through a wide range of contemporary topics, including the changing fortunes of radicalism, the peculiarities of Chinese postmodernism, shifts within official discourse, attempts to revive Confucianism for present-day China, and the historically problematic engagement of Chinese intellectuals with Western ideas.Davies explores the way perfectionism permeates and ultimately propels Chinese intellectual talk to the point that the drive for perfection has created a moralism that condemns those who do not contribute to improving China. Inside the heart of the New China persists ancient moralistic attitudes that remain decidedly nonmodern. And inside the postmodernism of thousands of Chinese scholars and intellectuals dwells a decidedly anti-postmodern quest for absolute certainty.

A Social History of the Chinese Book

Download A Social History of the Chinese Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Hong Kong University Press
ISBN 13 : 9622097812
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (22 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Social History of the Chinese Book by : Joseph P. McDermott

Download or read book A Social History of the Chinese Book written by Joseph P. McDermott and published by Hong Kong University Press. This book was released on 2006-04-01 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this learned, yet readable, book, Joseph McDermott introduces the history of the book in China in the late imperial period from 1000 to 1800. He assumes little knowledge of Chinese history or culture and compares the Chinese experience with books with that of other civilizations, particularly the European. Yet he deals with a wide range of issues in the history of the book in China and presents novel analyses of the changes in Chinese woodblock bookmaking over these centuries. He presents a new view of when the printed book replaced the manuscript and what drove that substitution. He explores the distribution and marketing structure of books, and writes fascinatingly on the history of book collecting and about access to private and government book collections. In drawing on a great deal of Chinese, Japanese, and Western research this book provides a broad account of the way Chinese books were printed, distributed, and consumed by literati and scholars, mainly in the lower Yangzi delta, the cultural center of China during these centuries. It introduces interesting personalities, ranging from wily book collectors to an indigent shoe-repairman collector. And, it discusses the obstacles to the formation of a truly national printed culture for both the well-educated and the struggling reader in recent times. This broad and comprehensive account of the development of printed Chinese culture from 1000 to 1800 is written for anyone interested in the history of the book. It also offers important new insights into book culture and its place in society for the student of Chinese history and culture. 'A brilliant piece of synthetic research as well as a delightful read, it offers a history of the Chinese book to the eighteenth century that is without equal.' - Timothy Brook, University of British Columbia 'Writers, scribes, engravers, printers, binders, publishers, distributors, dealers, literati, scholars, librarians, collectors, voracious readers — the full gamut of a vibrant book culture in China over one thousand years — are examined with eloquence and perception by Joseph McDermott in The Social History of the Book. His lively exploration will be of consuming interest to bibliophiles of every persuasion.' - Nicholas A. Basbanes, author of A Gentle Madness, Patience and Fortitude, A Splendor of Letters, and Every Book Its Reader Joseph McDermott is presently Fellow of St John’s College, Cambridge, and University Lecturer in Chinese at Cambridge University. He has published widely on Chinese social and economic history, most recently on the economy of the Song (or, Sung) dynasty for the Cambridge History of China. He has edited State and Court Ritual in China and Art and Power in East Asia.

Re-envisioning the Chinese Revolution

Download Re-envisioning the Chinese Revolution PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Re-envisioning the Chinese Revolution by : Ching Kwan Lee

Download or read book Re-envisioning the Chinese Revolution written by Ching Kwan Lee and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive study of contemporary memories of China's revolutionary epoch, from the time of Japanese imperialism through the Cultural Revolution. This volume examines the memories of a range of social groups, including disenfranchised workers and rural women, who have often been neglected in scholarship.

China's Rise in the Global South

Download China's Rise in the Global South PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 1503630609
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (36 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis China's Rise in the Global South by : Dawn C. Murphy

Download or read book China's Rise in the Global South written by Dawn C. Murphy and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2022-01-11 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As China and the U.S. increasingly compete for power in key areas of U.S. influence, great power conflict looms. Yet few studies have looked to the Middle East and Africa, regions of major political, economic, and military importance for both China and the U.S., to theorize how China competes in a changing world system. China's Rise in the Global South examines China's behavior as a rising power in two key Global South regions, the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa. Dawn C. Murphy, drawing on extensive fieldwork and hundreds of interviews, compares and analyzes thirty years of China's interactions with these regions across a range of functional areas: political, economic, foreign aid, and military. From the Belt and Road initiative to the founding of new cooperation forums and special envoys, China's Rise in the Global South offers an in-depth look at China's foreign policy approach to the countries it considers its partners in South-South cooperation. Intervening in the emerging debate between liberals and realists about China's future as a great power, Murphy contends that China is constructing an alternate international order to interact with these regions, and this book provides policymakers and scholars of international relations with the tools to analyze it.

Heritage of China

Download Heritage of China PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780520064416
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (644 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Heritage of China by : Timothy Hugh Barrett

Download or read book Heritage of China written by Timothy Hugh Barrett and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1990-04-20 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thirteen essays in this volume, all by experts in the field of Chinese studies, reflect the diversity of approaches scholars follow in the study of China's past. Together they reveal the depth and vitality of Chinese civilization and demonstrate how an understanding of traditional China can enrich and broaden our own contemporary worldview.

China A to Z

Download China A to Z PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0698141075
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (981 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis China A to Z by : May-lee Chai

Download or read book China A to Z written by May-lee Chai and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2014-11-25 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical and accessible guide to an ancient but rapidly changing culture—now revised and updated Perfect for business, pleasure, or armchair travelers, China A to Z explains the customs, culture, and etiquette essential for any trip or for anyone wanting to understand this complex country. In one hundred brief, reader-friendly essays alphabetized by subject, this fully revised and updated edition provides a crash course in the etiquette and politics of contemporary China as well as the nation’s geography and venerable history. In it, readers will discover: · How the recently selected President and his advisors approach global relations · Why China is considered the fastest growing market for fashion and luxury goods · What you should bring when visiting a Chinese household · What’s hot in Chinese art · How recent scandals impact Chinese society From architecture and body language to Confucianism and feng shui, China A to Z offers accessible and authoritative information about China.

Encountering China

Download Encountering China PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674983351
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encountering China by : Michael J. Sandel

Download or read book Encountering China written by Michael J. Sandel and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-08 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the West, Harvard philosopher Michael Sandel is a thinker of unusual prominence. In China, he’s a phenomenon, greeted by vast crowds. China Daily reports that he has acquired a popularity “usually reserved for Hollywood movie stars.” China Newsweek declared him the “most influential foreign figure” of the year. In Sandel the Chinese have found a guide through the ethical dilemmas created by the nation’s swift embrace of a market economy—a guide whose communitarian ideas resonate with aspects of China’s own rich and ancient philosophical traditions. Chinese citizens often describe a sense that, in sprinting ahead, they have bounded past whatever barriers once held back the forces of corruption and moral disregard. The market economy has lifted millions from poverty but done little to define ultimate goals for individuals or the nation. Is the market all there is? In this context, Sandel’s charismatic, interactive lecturing style, which roots moral philosophy in real-world scenarios, has found an audience struggling with questions of their responsibility to one another. Encountering China brings together leading experts in Confucian and Daoist thought to explore the connections and tensions revealed in this unlikely episode of Chinese engagement with the West. The result is a profound examination of diverse ideas about the self, justice, community, gender, and public good. With a foreword by Evan Osnos that considers Sandel’s fame and the state of moral dialogue in China, the book will itself be a major contribution to the debates that Sandel sparks in East and West alike.

What Chinese Want

Download What Chinese Want PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 1137000546
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis What Chinese Want by : Tom Doctoroff

Download or read book What Chinese Want written by Tom Doctoroff and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2012-05-22 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Chinese Want provides a sweeping look at contemporary Chinese consumer behavior, how its cultural influences separate it from the West, and how marketers and businesses can harness the natural strengths of this age-old civilization to succeed there. Today, most Americans take for granted that China will be the next global superpower. But despite the nation's growing influence, the average Chinese person is still a mystery - or, at best, a baffling set of seeming contradictions - to Westerners who expect the rising Chinese consumer to resemble themselves. Here, Tom Doctoroff, the guiding force of advertising giant J. Walter Thompson's (JWT) China operations, marshals his 20 years of experience navigating this fascinating intersection of commerce and culture to explain the mysteries of China. He explores the many cultural, political, and economic forces shaping the twenty-first-century Chinese and their implications for businesspeople, marketers, and entrepreneurs - or anyone else who wants to know what makes the Chinese tick. Dismantling common misconceptions, Doctoroff provides the context Westerners need to understand the distinctive worldview that drives Chinese businesses and consumers, including: - Why family and social stability take precedence over individual self-expression and the consequences for education, innovation, and growth; - Their fundamentally different understanding of morality, and why Chinese tolerate human rights abuses, rampant piracy, and endemic government corruption; and - The long and storied past that still drives decision making at corporate, local, and national levels. Change is coming fast and furious in China, challenging not only how the Western world sees the Chinese but how they see themselves. From the new generation's embrace of Christmas to the middle-class fixation with luxury brands; from the exploding senior demographic to what the Internet means for the government's hold on power, Doctoroff pulls back the curtain to reveal a complex and nuanced picture of a fascinating people whose lives are becoming ever more entwined with our own.

The Chinese Exodus

Download The Chinese Exodus PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 153264597X
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (326 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Chinese Exodus by : Li Ma

Download or read book The Chinese Exodus written by Li Ma and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2018-07-02 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a sociological analysis as well as a theological discussion of China’s internal migration since the marketization reform in 1978. It documents the social and political processes that encompass the experiences of internal migrants from the countryside to the city during China’s integration into the global economy. Informed by sociological analysis and narratives of the urban poor, this volume reconstructs the political, economic, social and spiritual dimensions of this urban underclass in China who made up the economic backbone of the Asian superpower.

China’s Good War

Download China’s Good War PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674984269
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis China’s Good War by : Rana Mitter

Download or read book China’s Good War written by Rana Mitter and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chinese leaders once tried to suppress memories of their nation’s brutal experience during World War II. Now they celebrate the “victory”—a key foundation of China’s rising nationalism. For most of its history, the People’s Republic of China discouraged public discussion of the war against Japan. It was an experience of victimization—and one that saw Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek fighting for the same goals. But now, as China grows more powerful, the meaning of the war is changing. Rana Mitter argues that China’s reassessment of the war years is central to its newfound confidence abroad and to mounting nationalism at home. China’s Good War begins with the academics who shepherded the once-taboo subject into wider discourse. Encouraged by reforms under Deng Xiaoping, they researched the Guomindang war effort, collaboration with the Japanese, and China’s role in forming the post-1945 global order. But interest in the war would not stay confined to scholarly journals. Today public sites of memory—including museums, movies and television shows, street art, popular writing, and social media—define the war as a founding myth for an ascendant China. Wartime China emerges as victor rather than victim. The shifting story has nurtured a number of new views. One rehabilitates Chiang Kai-shek’s war efforts, minimizing the bloody conflicts between him and Mao and aiming to heal the wounds of the Cultural Revolution. Another narrative positions Beijing as creator and protector of the international order that emerged from the war—an order, China argues, under threat today largely from the United States. China’s radical reassessment of its collective memory of the war has created a new foundation for a people destined to shape the world.

Chinese Whispers

Download Chinese Whispers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Weidenfeld & Nicolson
ISBN 13 : 0297868462
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (978 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Chinese Whispers by : Ben Chu

Download or read book Chinese Whispers written by Ben Chu and published by Weidenfeld & Nicolson. This book was released on 2013-10-10 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Chu's smart, iconoclastic portrait dismantles seven misconceptions' [NEW STATESMEN] about modern China and offers a corrective to Western assumptions. THE CHINESE ARE THE MOST HARDWORKING PEOPLE ON EARTH... so why are the younger generation derided as spoiled and lazy? CHINESE PEOPLE DON'T CARE ABOUT POLITICAL FREEDOM... so why is the country's internet exploding with anti-regime dissent? CHINA WILL ONE DAY RULE THE WORLD... so why do the country's political leaders feel so insecure? Perhaps it is time to stop engaging in a centuries-old game of Chinese whispers in which the facts have become more and more distorted in the telling. Ben Chu examines the myths that have come to dominate our view of the world's most populous nation, forcing us to question everything we thought we knew about it. The result is a penetrating, surprising and provocative insight into China today.

Malayan Chinese and China

Download Malayan Chinese and China PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : NUS Press
ISBN 13 : 9789971692650
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (926 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Malayan Chinese and China by : Fujio Hara

Download or read book Malayan Chinese and China written by Fujio Hara and published by NUS Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work looks at one of the key transformations in the history of Singapore and Malaysia, the process by which the Malayan Chinese came to identify more and more with Malaya, and less with China.