Nishida Kitaro's Chiasmatic Chorology

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Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253017866
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Nishida Kitaro's Chiasmatic Chorology by : John W. M. Krummel

Download or read book Nishida Kitaro's Chiasmatic Chorology written by John W. M. Krummel and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-01 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nishida Kitaro (1870–1945) is considered Japan's first and greatest modern philosopher. As founder of the Kyoto School, he began a rigorous philosophical engagement and dialogue with Western philosophical traditions, especially the work of G. W. F. Hegel. John W. M. Krummel explores the Buddhist roots of Nishida's thought and places him in connection with Hegel and other philosophers of the Continental tradition. Krummel develops notions of self-awareness, will, being, place, the environment, religion, and politics in Nishida's thought and shows how his ethics of humility may best serve us in our complex world.

Chiasmatic Chorology

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Chiasmatic Chorology by : John Krummel

Download or read book Chiasmatic Chorology written by John Krummel and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this philosophical work I explicate Nishida Kitaro's dialectics vis-à-vis Mahayana non-dualistic thought and Hegel's dialectical philosophy, and furthermore in terms of a "chiasmatic chorology." Nishida's work makes ample usage of western philosophical concepts, most notably the terminology of Hegelian dialectics. Nishida himself has admitted affinity to Hegel. And yet content-wise the core of Nishida's thinking seem close to Mahayana Buddhism in its line of thought traceable to the Prajñaparamita sutras. The point of my investigation is to clarify in what regard Nishida's dialectic owes allegiance to Hegel and to Mahayana and wherein it diverges from them. Moreover to what extent is Nishida's appropriation of Hegelian terminology adequate in expressing his thought? The work explicates the distinctive aspects of Nishida's thinking in terms of a "chiasmatic chorology" to emphasize the inter-dimensional and placial complexity of the dialectic. In summary two overarching concerns guide the work: 1) The relation of Nishida's dialectic to its forebears -- Mahayana non-dualism and Hegelian dialectics --; and 2) The distinctness of that dialectic as a "chiasmatic chorology." The work concludes that while Nishida, in his attempt to surmount the dualism of Neo-Kantianism, was led to Hegel's dialectic, the core ideas of his dialectic extend beyond the purview of Hegelianism. Contentwise his dialectic is closer in spirit to Mahayana. While Nishida admits to such commensurability with key Mahayana doctrines, his thought nevertheless ought not to be confined to the doctrinal category of "Buddhist thought" both because of its eclectic nature that brings in elements drawn from western and eastern sources, thereby constituting his work as a "world philosophy"; and because of its creative contributions, such as the formulation of basho and its explication in dialectical terms. What cannot be expressed adequately in terms of Hegelian dialectics is the concrete chiasma of what Nishida calls his "absolute dialectic." Moreover its founding upon the choratic nature of basho not only escapes the grasp of Hegel's self-knowing concept but extends beyond previous formulations within Buddhism.

Heidegger and Kabbalah

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Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253042585
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Heidegger and Kabbalah by : Elliot R. Wolfson

Download or read book Heidegger and Kabbalah written by Elliot R. Wolfson and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While many scholars have noted Martin Heidegger's indebtedness to Christian mystical sources, as well as his affinity with Taoism and Buddhism, Elliot R. Wolfson expands connections between Heidegger's thought and kabbalistic material. By arguing that the Jewish esoteric tradition impacted Heidegger, Wolfson presents an alternative way of understanding the history of Western philosophy. Wolfson's comparison between Heidegger and kabbalah sheds light on key concepts such as hermeneutics, temporality, language, and being and nothingness, while yielding surprising reflections on their common philosophical ground. Given Heidegger's involvement with National Socialism and his use of antisemitic language, these innovative readings are all the more remarkable for their juxtaposition of incongruent fields of discourse. Wolfson's entanglement with Heidegger and kabbalah not only enhances understandings of both but, more profoundly, serves as an ethical corrective to their respective ethnocentrism and essentialism. Wolfson masterfully illustrates the redemptive capacity of thought to illuminate common ground in seemingly disparate philosophical traditions.

Merleau-Ponty and Nishida

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Publisher : SUNY Press
ISBN 13 : 1438476116
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (384 download)

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Book Synopsis Merleau-Ponty and Nishida by : Adam Loughnane

Download or read book Merleau-Ponty and Nishida written by Adam Loughnane and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 2019-12-19 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Places the phenomenologies of Merleau-Ponty and Nishida in dialogue and uncovers a demand for a motor-perceptual form of faith in both philosophers’ meditations on artistic expression. In Merleau-Ponty and Nishida, Adam Loughnane initiates a fascinating new dialogue between two of the twentieth century’s most important phenomenologists of the Eastern and Western philosophical worlds. Throughout the book, the reader is guided among the intricacies and innovations of Merleau-Ponty’s and Nishida’s ontological approaches to artistic expression with a focused look at a rarely explored connection between faith and negation in their philosophies. Exploring the intertwining of these concepts in their broader ontologies invokes a reappraisal of the ambiguous status of religion and art in the writings of both thinkers. Measuring these ambiguities, the ontologies of Flesh and Basho are read in-depth alongside great artworks and the motor-perceptual practices of seminal landscape artists such as Cézanne, Sesshū, Taiga, and Hasegawa, as well as other major figures of European, Chinese, and Japanese art history. Loughnane studies these artists’ bodily practices, focusing on the intimate relations realized with the landscapes they paint, and illuminating a valence of their expressive disciplines as a motor-perceptual form of faith. Merleau-Ponty and Nishida is an exciting intercultural reading, expanding two philosophers’ projects toward new horizons of research, revealing incitements in their writings that challenge unambiguous distinctions between art, philosophy, faith, and ultimately philosophy East and West. “Loughnane illuminates the ambiguous, chiasmatic, and dynamic relationality between the body and the world, providing concrete examples from art history East and West. He not only skillfully explains Nishida’s and Merleau-Ponty’s ontological notions, but also puts their philosophy to the test of art works, proving that their thinking reveals an important truth of art.” — Takeshi Kimoto, Chukyo University

Philosophies of Place

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Publisher : University of Hawaii Press
ISBN 13 : 0824878620
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (248 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophies of Place by : Peter D. Hershock

Download or read book Philosophies of Place written by Peter D. Hershock and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2019-06-30 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanity takes up space. Human beings, like many other species, also transform spaces. What is perhaps uniquely human is the disposition to qualitatively transform spaces into places that are charged with distinctive kinds of intergenerational significance. There is a profound, felt difference between a house as domestic space and a home as familial place or between the summit of a mountain one has climbed for the first time and the “same” rock pinnacle celebrated in ancestral narratives. Contemporary philosophical uses of the word “place” often pivot on the distinction between “space” and “place” formalized by geographer-philosopher Yi-fu Tuan, who suggested that places incorporate the experiences and aspirations of a people over the course of their moral and aesthetic engagement with sites and locations. While spaces afford possibilities for different kinds of presence—physical, emotional, cognitive, dramatic, spiritual—places emerge as different ways of being present, fuse over time, and saturate a locale with distinctively collaborative patterns of significance. This approach to issues of place, however, is emblematic of what Edward S. Casey has argued are convictions about the primacy of absolute space and time that evolved along with the progressive dominance of the scientific imagination and modern imaginations of the universal. The recent reappearance of place in Western philosophy represents a turn away from abstract and a priori reasoning and back toward phenomenal experience and the primacy of embodied and emplaced intelligence. Places are enacted through the sustainably shared practices of mutually-responsive and mutually-vulnerable agents and are as numerous in kind as we are divergent in the patterns of values and intentions. The contributors to this volume draw on resources from Asian, European, and North American traditions of thought to engage in intercultural reflection on the significance of place in philosophy and of the place of philosophy itself in the cultural, social, economic, and political domains of contemporary life. The conversation of place that results explores the meaning of intercultural philosophy, the critical interplay of place and personal identity, the meaning of appropriate emplacement, the shared place of politics and religion, and the nature of the emotionally emplaced body.

Philosophy of Science and The Kyoto School

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350141119
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Philosophy of Science and The Kyoto School by : Dean Anthony Brink

Download or read book Philosophy of Science and The Kyoto School written by Dean Anthony Brink and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-03-11 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers the first introduction to a major Japanese philosophical movement through the interests and arguments of its founder, Nishida Kitaro (1870-1945), his successor, Tanabe Hajime (1885-1962), and student-turned-critic, Tosaka Jun (1900-1945). Focusing on their contributions to thinking about place, space, and dialectics, this concise introduction brings these influential thinkers to life by connecting their work to issues still debated in the philosophy of science and physics today. Beginning with an overview of the reception of quantum physics and relativity theory in Japan and concluding with an account of the direct relevance of the Kyoto School to the development of world philosophy in a posthuman age, each clearly-written chapter engages historical contexts and includes: · Carefully-chosen excerpts and original translations of Nishida, Tanabe, and Tosaka · Focus boxes explaining complex concepts and problems of contextualization · A timeline, glossary and index · Further reading lists featuring relevant and significant articles and books in English This introduction is an ideal starting point for students and lecturers looking to become better acquainted with three central Japanese philosophers and learn why their work impacts our current thinking about science.

Marx after the Kyoto School

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Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538154080
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Marx after the Kyoto School by : Bradley Kaye

Download or read book Marx after the Kyoto School written by Bradley Kaye and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2022-02-03 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nishida Kitarō (1870-1945) is considered Japan’s greatest modern philosopher. As the founder of the Kyoto School, he initiated a rigorous philosophical engagement with Western philosophy, including the work of Karl Marx. Bradley Kaye explores the political aspects of Nishida’s thought, placing his work in connection with Marxism and Zen. Developing concepts of self-awareness, Basho, dialectical materialism, circulation, will, nothingness, and the state. Nishida’s thought offers an ethics of personal will that radical awakening that offers clarity in a seemingly hopeless world.

Tetsugaku Companion to Phenomenology and Japanese Philosophy

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030219429
Total Pages : 259 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Tetsugaku Companion to Phenomenology and Japanese Philosophy by : Shigeru TAGUCHI

Download or read book Tetsugaku Companion to Phenomenology and Japanese Philosophy written by Shigeru TAGUCHI and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-29 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the impact of the introduction of phenomenology in Japan and its interaction with Japanese philosophy. It is well known that phenomenology was introduced at a very early stage in Japan. Furthermore, phenomenology still constitutes one of the main currents of thought in Japan. However, the specific way in which phenomenology has interacted with the indigenous Japanese tradition of thought and Japanese culture has until now not been addressed in great detail. This volume fills that gap. It discusses in detail the encounter and the interaction between Japanese thought and phenomenological reflection, with special regards to the topics of awareness and the self, the experience of otherness, ethics, and metaphysical issues. The book shows how phenomenology has served, and still serves, Japan to re-comprehend its “own” tradition and its specific form(s) of culture. At the same time, it offers an example of how different cultures and traditions can be both preserved and developed in their reciprocal action. More in general, it advances the philosophical debate beyond cultural enclosures and beyond mere scholasticism. The phenomenological tradition has always been open to new and alien ideas. An encounter with Japanese philosophy can offer a new challenge to actual phenomenological thinking.

Social Imaginaries, Vol. 1, issue 1 (Spring 2015)

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Publisher : Zeta Books
ISBN 13 : 6066970011
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (669 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Imaginaries, Vol. 1, issue 1 (Spring 2015) by : Suzi Adams

Download or read book Social Imaginaries, Vol. 1, issue 1 (Spring 2015) written by Suzi Adams and published by Zeta Books. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nu s-au introdus date

The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Philosophy

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Publisher : Oxford Handbooks
ISBN 13 : 0199945721
Total Pages : 841 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Philosophy by : Bret W. Davis

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Philosophy written by Bret W. Davis and published by Oxford Handbooks. This book was released on 2020 with total page 841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online.

The Origins of Modern Japanese Philosophy

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350346810
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis The Origins of Modern Japanese Philosophy by : Richard Stone

Download or read book The Origins of Modern Japanese Philosophy written by Richard Stone and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2024-05-16 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nishida Kitaro is widely considered as the first original philosopher in modern Japan. Addressing this claim, Richard Stone critically examines Nishida's relation to his contemporary philosophers in the Meiji era (1868-1912), highlighting the continuity, difference and relationships between them. Stone reassesses the notion that Nishida's An Inquiry into the Good (1911) was substantially more philosophically worthwhile than any preceding attempts at philosophy in Japan, whilst demonstrating how his early ideas were heavily influenced by the work of thinkers such as Inoue Enryo, Onishi Hajime and Miyake Setsurei. He argues that original philosophy in Japan did not suddenly start with Nishida. Instead, it developed within a process of methodological refinement, wherein ideas starting from early Meiji philosophers were gradually given more rigorous treatment over the course of the era, eventually culminating in Nishida's early philosophy. Providing an in-depth analysis of Nishida's work that brings it into dialogue with his predecessors, The Origins of Modern Japanese Philosophy offers both an engaging insight into the Meiji Period as the background of Nishida's philosophical formation and also a clear account of how several core themes in modern Japanese philosophy evolved over the course of an era.

The Phenomenology of Real and Virtual Places

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351603612
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

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Book Synopsis The Phenomenology of Real and Virtual Places by : Erik Malcolm Champion

Download or read book The Phenomenology of Real and Virtual Places written by Erik Malcolm Champion and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays explores the history, implications, and usefulness of phenomenology for the study of real and virtual places. While the influence of phenomenology on architecture and urban design has been widely acknowledged, its effect on the design of virtual places and environments has yet to be exposed to critical reflection. These essays from philosophers, cultural geographers, designers, architects, and archaeologists advance the connection between phenomenology and the study of place. The book features historical interpretations on this topic, as well as context-specific and place-centric applications that will appeal to a wide range of scholars across disciplinary boundaries. The ultimate aim of this book is to provide more helpful and precise definitions of phenomenology that shed light on its growth as a philosophical framework and on its development in other disciplines concerned with the experience of place.

The Dao Companion to Japanese Buddhist Philosophy

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9048129249
Total Pages : 737 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dao Companion to Japanese Buddhist Philosophy by : Gereon Kopf

Download or read book The Dao Companion to Japanese Buddhist Philosophy written by Gereon Kopf and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-03 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume introduces the central themes in and the main figures of Japanese Buddhist philosophy. It will have two sections, one that discusses general topics relevant to Japanese Buddhist philosophy and one that reads the work of the main Japanese Buddhist philosophers in the context of comparative philosophy. It combines basic information with cutting edge scholarship considering recent publications in Japanese, Chinese, English, and other European languages. As such, it will be an invaluable tool for professors teaching courses in Asian and global philosophy, undergraduate and graduate students, as well as the people generally interested in philosophy and/or Buddhism.

The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Contemporary Japanese Philosophy

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1474232698
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Contemporary Japanese Philosophy by : Michiko Yusa

Download or read book The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Contemporary Japanese Philosophy written by Michiko Yusa and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-21 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Contemporary Japanese Philosophy examines the current vibrant trends in Japanese philosophical thinking. Situating Japanese philosophy within the larger context of global intercultural philosophical discourse and pointing to new topics of research, this Handbook covers philosophy of science, philosophy of peace, philosophy of social justice and healing. Introducing not only new readings of well-known Japanese philosophers, but also work by contemporary Japanese philosophers who are relatively unknown outside Japan, it makes a unique contribution by offering an account of Japanese philosophy from within and going beyond an objective description of it in its various facets. Also featured is the work of a younger generation of scholars and thinkers, who bring in fresh perspectives that will push the field into the future. These critical essays, by leading philosophers and rising scholars, to the past and the present of Japanese philosophy demonstrate ways of doing engaged philosophy in the present globalized age. With suggestions for further reading, a glossary, a timeline and annotated bibliography, The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Contemporary Japanese Philosophy is an ideal research guide to understanding the origin, transformation, and reception of Japanese philosophy in the 21st century.

Globalizing Japanese Philosophy as an Academic Discipline

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Publisher : V&R Unipress
ISBN 13 : 3847006908
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Globalizing Japanese Philosophy as an Academic Discipline by : Ching-yuen Cheung

Download or read book Globalizing Japanese Philosophy as an Academic Discipline written by Ching-yuen Cheung and published by V&R Unipress. This book was released on 2017-04-03 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is divided into two parts, namely, "Japanese Philosophy: Teaching and Research in the Global World;" and "Japanese Philosophy as an Academic Discipline." In the first part, there are reports of the situation of teaching and research of Japanese philosophy. The areas discussed are Japan, Canada, France, Spain and English-speaking regions. In the second part, there will be papers on varies topics on Japanese philosophy, such as papers on Nishida Kitaro, Kuki Shuzo, Tanabe Hajime to contemporary thinker such as Sakabe Megumi. These papers not only show the topics on Japanese philosophical debates, but also are the potential of Japanese philosophical thoughts.

Nietzsche and Other Buddhas

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Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253039746
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis Nietzsche and Other Buddhas by : Jason M. Wirth

Download or read book Nietzsche and Other Buddhas written by Jason M. Wirth and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-04 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A tour de force that both challenges and expands our understanding of the very practice of philosophy . . . and comparative philosophy in particular” (Joseph Markowski, Reading Religion). In Nietzche and Other Buddhas, author Jason M. Wirth brings major East Asian Buddhist thinkers into radical dialogue with key Continental philosophers through a series of exercises that pursue what is traditionally called comparative or intercultural philosophy. In the process, he reflects on what makes such exercises possible and intelligible. The primary questions Wirth asks are: How does this particular engagement and confrontation challenge and radicalize what is sometimes called comparative or intercultural philosophy? How does this task reconsider what is meant by philosophy? The confrontations that Wirth sets up between Dogen, Hakuin, Linji, Shinran, Nietzsche, Schopenhauer, James, and Deleuze consider the nature of philosophy—and especially comparative philosophy—from a global perspective. This global perspective in turn opens up a new and challenging space of thought within and between the cutting edges of Western Continental philosophy and East Asian Buddhist practice.

Diplomacy and International Business

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Publisher : BookRix
ISBN 13 : 3748779267
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (487 download)

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Book Synopsis Diplomacy and International Business by : Dr. Dimitrios P. Kamsaris

Download or read book Diplomacy and International Business written by Dr. Dimitrios P. Kamsaris and published by BookRix. This book was released on 2021-04-04 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International business and globalization requires governments to operate in a context different than before, which is to integrate other participants of diplomacy in its own decision-making processes. Governments have been focusing on new strategies, such as involving ministries and non-state actors and institutions, providing greater transparency, and acting collectively. Facing the challenges of an increasingly complex world Diplomats are not the only actors involved in the diplomatic process because due to globalization, many actors such as NGOs, international organizations and individuals can be seen practicing diplomacy. Diplomacy is a course of actions, based on the exchange of ideas, values and traditions to reinforce the business relationships, improve the social cooperation and stimulate the national interests, with respects to globalization. Diplomacy, due to globalization the mass communication technology help access between people to promote peace & stability all over the world because it influences the opinion globally of businesses, trade, individuals, communities, cultures and countries (Kamsaris, 2020). The tactics to form international relations can be described either hard or soft power and according to Nye soft power is the ability to persuade and get what you want through culture, values and ideas through attraction rather than coercion or payments, while hard power involves activating forces. Through soft power, the use of cultural diplomacy becomes significant (Kamsaris, 2020). Regarding the international business world, the will and ability to appreciate and embrace the diverse values and needs of dissimilar cultures is important for the strategic decisions and adopt diplomacy models tactics by increasing social awareness of international companies engaged in the development of culturally sensitive marketing plans and campaigns in order to build positive public opinion, form a good image, free of local problems, conduct research regarding the cultural differences of the new country and international companies with local focus (Kamsaris, 2020). Bound states that the internet has created a world where cultures meet and mix and reform easily and constantly and countries are increasingly finding that they need to reaffirm their sovereignty to stop their cultures being swamped or changed by access to other cultural outputs. As Mark says, a state’s international cultural mission now involves a more active role in protecting and developing country culture. A country’s cultural identity needs to be strong and constantly reinforced and revitalised, or it will be flooded and lost. A culture is the set of values which underpins a country and the way that other countries use to understand you. Culture for Ribeiro is a non-threatening, inclusive way of communicating with people. It is powerful because it is universal and is shared as it is a manifestation of human genius and achievement and is charged with symbolic meaning. International relations referred to the study of foreign affairs and political interaction between countries and cover the complex of cultural, economic, legal, military, and political relations of all countries and their populations, actors and international organizations. The goal of this book is to introduce some of the main issues of international politics, such as war and peace, development, regional integration and security, and to familiarize with different ways to conceptualise and analyse these issues. This should allow to make a more confident decision about your own attitude towards particular issues and to analyse these issues more thoroughly, but it should also make you question both your own as well as others’ representations of the world.