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Author : Fatin Amalina Ahmad Shuhaimi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Chemometric Analysis of Petroleum-based Accelerants in Fire Debris written by Fatin Amalina Ahmad Shuhaimi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hamsawahini Kunashegaran
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Chemometric Approach for the Discrimination of Petroleum Based Accelerants from Fire Debris written by Hamsawahini Kunashegaran and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Raymond O. Keto
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (53 download)
Download or read book Detection of Petroleum-based Accelerants in Fire Debris by Target Compound Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry written by Raymond O. Keto and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3b
Author : Umi Kalthom Ahmad
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (96 download)
Download or read book Forensic analysis of petroleum based accelerants in fire debris written by Umi Kalthom Ahmad and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eric Scott Bodle
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (226 download)
Download or read book Multivariate Pattern Recognition of Petroleum-based Accelerants and Fuels written by Eric Scott Bodle and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Arson investigators use a wide variety of methods to detect accelerants in fire debris. The complex nature of petroleum-based accelerants leads to misinterpretation of the sample. A novel method has been developed for the extraction and analysis of petroleum-based accelerants using solid phase microextraction (SPME) with separation and detection by GC-FID. Multivariate data analysis is also employed to simplify these data allowing for more accurate classification. SPME in conjunction with multivariate data analysis is a new approach in accelerant sampling and classification. Principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) have been shown to correctly classify a group of household accelerants. These groupings have been compared to the ASTM International classification system. PCA is shown to be effective in the initial classification of accelerants and is used to establish the class confidence envelopes for the SIMCA models. The SIMCA models are effective in the prediction of class assignment with 98.5% and 97.2% of the test data correctly classified. Sample evaporation was examined to determine any influence on proper classification. Evaporation occurring for over 120 minutes showed significant changes to the classification of gasoline samples. Sample quantity was also examined for gasoline samples. Gasoline's limit of detection was 50 [mu]l under the conditions studied. The type of compounds extracted varied depending on the amount of accelerant examined. Larger amounts of gasoline resulted in higher concentrations of more volatile compounds extracted. Gasoline has also been evaluated for patterns related to its chemical make-up. Data analysis of the complex gasoline chromatograms occurred with PCA, partial least squares (PLS) and orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS). Patterns correlating to the anti-knock index were observed for the gasoline samples studied. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the AKI, anti-knock index, values for method validation. PLS was effective in the prediction of AKI number with a [plus or minus] 0.737 AKI root square error of prediction (RMSEP). The OPLS method was also effective giving a [plus or minus] 0.831 AKI RMSEP."--Abstract.
Author : Eric Stauffer
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080556264
Total Pages : 683 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Fire Debris Analysis written by Eric Stauffer and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2007-12-10 with total page 683 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of fire debris analysis is vital to the function of all fire investigations, and, as such, Fire Debris Analysis is an essential resource for fire investigators. The present methods of analysis include the use of gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, techniques which are well established and used by crime laboratories throughout the world. However, despite their universality, this is the first comprehensive resource that addresses their application to fire debris analysis. Fire Debris Analysis covers topics such as the physics and chemistry of fire and liquid fuels, the interpretation of data obtained from fire debris, and the future of the subject. Its cutting-edge material and experienced author team distinguishes this book as a quality reference that should be on the shelves of all crime laboratories. Serves as a comprehensive guide to the science of fire debris analysis Presents both basic and advanced concepts in an easily readable, logical sequence Includes a full-color insert with figures that illustrate key concepts discussed in the text
Author : Wan Nur Syuhaila Binti Mat Desa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book The Discrimination of Ignitable Liquids and Ignitable Liquid Residues Using Chemometric Analysis written by Wan Nur Syuhaila Binti Mat Desa and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrocarbon fuels such as petrol and petroleum distillate products are commonly used to set deliberate fires. In fire debris analysis, characterisation and identification of these accelerants are based on subjective pattern matching to a reference collection or database. Such procedures involving manual comparison, is often hampered by the complex nature of the samples when exposed to heat, especially in the presence of interfering products and can be extremely challenging. The application of chemometrics and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) pattern recognition techniques are examined in this work to determine their abilities to objectively match chromatographic profiles derived from evaporated ignitable liquid samples to their un-evaporated source. The abilities of the mathematical methods to further resolve ignitable liquid patterns when in the presence of interfering pyrolysis and combustion products is also investigated. Data pre-treatment via normalisation and power transformation prior mathematical analysis is examined and discussed. Petrol and petroleum distillate products of light, medium and heavy fractions, obtained from a variety of manufacturers, were examined. Their objective classification and discrimination using the mathematical techniques under study is exposed and discussed. The link between evaporated and unevaporated samples was poorly established by conventional chemometric techniques using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). In contrast, Self Organising Feature Maps (SOFM), an ANN technique, provided excellent classification and full discrimination of light and medium petroleum distillate samples by specific brand. Classifications of petrol and diesel samples by brand were less successful. However, some meaningful associations were possible within the petrol groupings using SOFM, and all evaporated samples were correctly associated into the clusters containing their un-evaporated counterparts. In addition, SOFM provided successful and unequivocal discrimination of ignitable liquid residues recovered from fire debris according to the class of ignitable liquid in all samples tested. The findings from this work prompt further exploration on the potential use of SOFM as a mathematical strategy for the objective comparison of ignitable liquids and their residues from fire debris samples.
Author : Vivek R. Dhole
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (53 download)
Download or read book Detection and Characterization of Petroleum Based Accelerants in Fire Debris by HPLC. written by Vivek R. Dhole and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Anuradha Gayathri Akmeemana
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (117 download)
Download or read book Chemometric Applications in Fire Debris Analysis written by Anuradha Gayathri Akmeemana and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the major challenges in fire investigation is the determination of the cause of fire. The fire can be accidental or intentional. The determination of ignitable liquid residue (ILR) from fire debris helps the process and this process is called fire debris analysis in forensic science. This is one of the most complex areas in the field of forensics because of the evaporation of the ILR from the debris and the interferences of the substrate matrix with the ILR if present. In the present, the final decisions in fire debris analysis are based on categorical statements and it only represents the qualitative but not the quantitative value of the data. The likelihood ratio approach is one of the most widely used methods in forensic science in expressing the evidentiary value.
Author : Jennifer N. Lewis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (846 download)
Download or read book The Application of Chemometrics to the Detection and Classification of Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris Using the Total Ion Spectrum written by Jennifer N. Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current methods in ignitable liquid identification and classification from fire debris rely on pattern recognition of ignitable liquids in total ion chromatograms, extracted ion profiles, and target compound comparisons, as described in American Standards for Testing and Materials E1618-10. The total ion spectra method takes advantage of the reproducibility among sample spectra from the same American Society for Testing and Materials class. It is a method that is independent of the chromatographic conditions that affect retention times of target compounds, thus aiding in the use of computer-based library searching techniques. The total ion spectrum was obtained by summing the ion intensities across all retention times. The total ion spectrum from multiple fire debris samples were combined for target factor analysis. Principal components analysis allowed the dimensions of the data matrix to be reduced prior to target factor analysis, and the number of principal components retained was based on the determination of rank by median absolute deviation. The latent variables were rotated to find new vectors (resultant vectors) that were the best possible match to spectra in a reference library of over 450 ignitable liquid spectra (test factors). The Pearson correlation between target factors and resultant vectors were used to rank the ignitable liquids in the library. Ignitable liquids with the highest correlation represented possible contributions to the sample. Posterior probabilities for the ASTM ignitable liquid classes were calculated based on the probability distribution function of the correlation values. The ASTM ignitable liquid class present in the sample set was identified based on the class with the highest posterior probability value. Tests included computer simulations of artificially generated total ion spectra from a combination of ignitable liquid and substrate spectra, as well as large scale burns in 20'x8'x8' containers complete with furnishings and flooring. Computer simulations were performed for each ASTM ignitable liquid class across a range of parameters. Of the total number of total ion spectra in a data set, the percentage of samples containing an ignitable liquid was varied, as well as the percent of ignitable liquid contribution in a given total ion spectrum. Target factor analysis was them performed on the computer-generated sample set. The correlation values from target factor analysis were used to calculate posterior probabilities for each ASTM ignitable liquid class. Large scale burns were designed to test the detection capabilities of the chemometric approach to ignitable liquid detection under conditions similar to those of a structure fire. Burn conditions were controlled by adjusting the type and volume of ignitable liquid used, the fuel load, ventilation, and the elapsed time of the burn. Samples collected from the large scale burns were analyzed using passive headspace adsorption with activated charcoal strips and carbon disulfide desorption of volatiles for analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Author : KL. Bryce
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Analysis of Fire Debris by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy written by KL. Bryce and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes a new technique for analyzing fire debris using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Petroleum distillates, which are commonly used as accelerants, were weathered, burned, and steam-distilled. These, as well as virgin samples of the accelerants, were analyzed by gas chromatography and NMR spectroscopy. The use of NMR is described as a valuable adjunct to the existing methods of analysis.
Author : Jeanet Hendrikse
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128043873
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)
Download or read book Identifying Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris written by Jeanet Hendrikse and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-10-05 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifying Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris: A Guideline for Forensic Experts discusses and illustrates the characteristics of different ignitable liquid products. This guideline builds on the minimum criteria of the ignitable liquid classes defined in the internationally accepted standard ASTM E1618 Standard Test Method for Ignitable Liquid Residues in Extracts from Fire Debris Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The volume provides information on the origin of the characteristics of these ignitable liquid products and provides a summary of characteristics to demonstrate a positive identification of the particular product class. Topics such as the term ignitable liquid, relevant guidelines for fire debris analysis, production processes of ignitable liquids, fire debris analysis methods, and interferences in fire debris analysis, are briefly discussed as these topics are essential for the understanding of the identification and classification of ignitable liquid residues in fire debris. Discusses the characteristics and variations in chemical composition of different classes of the ignitable liquid products defined by ASTM E1618:14 Covers the General Production Processes of Ignitable Liquid Products Includes a guide for the Identification of Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris
Author : Ian Tebbett
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203016416
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Gas Chromatography In Forensic Science written by Ian Tebbett and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1992-10-31 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the application of gas chromatography to various aspects of forensic chemistry. Following an introduction to the basic theory of chromatographic separations, the text discusses specific issues, such as drug analysis, fires and explosives, alcohol and toxicology.
Author : Stacy-Ann Barshick
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (439 download)
Download or read book Analysis of Accelerants and Fire Debris Using Aroma Detection Technology written by Stacy-Ann Barshick and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this work was to investigate the utility of electronic aroma detection technologies for the detection and identification of accelerant residues in suspected arson debris. Through the analysis of known accelerant residues, a trained neural network was developed for classifying suspected arson samples. Three unknown fire debris samples were classified using this neural network. The item corresponding to diesel fuel was correctly identified every time. For the other two items, wide variations in sample concentration and excessive water content, producing high sample humidities, were shown to influence the sensor response. Sorbent sampling prior to aroma detection was demonstrated to reduce these problems and to allow proper neural network classification of the remaining items corresponding to kerosene and gasoline.
Author : Jack Nowicki
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (53 download)
Download or read book An Accelerant Classification Scheme Based on Analysis by Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). written by Jack Nowicki and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Stacy-Ann Barshick
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (439 download)
Download or read book Analysis of Accelerants and Fire Debris Using Aroma Detection Technology written by Stacy-Ann Barshick and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this work was to investigate the utility of electronic aroma detection technologies for the detection and identification of accelerant residues in suspected arson debris. Through the analysis of known accelerant residues, a trained neural network was developed for classifying suspected arson samples. Three unknown fire debris samples were classified using this neural network. The item corresponding to diesel fuel was correctly identified every time. For the other two items, wide variations in sample concentration and excessive water content, producing high sample humidities, were shown to influence the sensor response. Sorbent sampling prior to aroma detection was demonstrated to reduce these problems and to allow proper neural network classification of the remaining items corresponding to kerosene and gasoline.
Author : Wolfgang Bertsch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (53 download)
Download or read book Analysis of Accelerants in Fire Debris - Data Interpretation written by Wolfgang Bertsch and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
