Chemical Weapons And Demilitarization

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Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309066395
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons by : National Research Council

Download or read book Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-12-24 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines seven disposal technologies being considered by the U.S. government as alternative methods to the process of incineration for destroying mortars, rockets, land mines, and other weapons that contain chemical warfare agents, such as mustard gas. These weapons are considered especially dangerous because they contain both chemical warfare agent and explosive materials in an assembled package that must be disassembled for destruction. The study identifies the strengths and weaknesses and advantages and disadvantages of each technology and assesses their potential for full-scale implementation.

Analysis of Engineering Design Studies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons at Blue Grass Army Depot

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309085284
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Engineering Design Studies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons at Blue Grass Army Depot by : National Research Council

Download or read book Analysis of Engineering Design Studies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons at Blue Grass Army Depot written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-10-27 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Army is in the process of destroying the nation's stockpile of aging chemical weapons stored at eight locations in the continental United States and on Johnston Atoll in the Pacific. Originally, incineration was chosen for the destruction of these stores, but this method has met with public opposition, and Congress directed the Army to develop alternative technologies for destroying the stockpiles in Pueblo, CO and Richmond, KY. To assist the Army in this process, the NRC was asked to evaluate the engineering design study of the three Blue Grass candidates. This book presents an analysis of various issues pertaining to the proposed engineering design package for the Blue Grass facility.

Alternative Technologies for the Destruction of Chemical Agents and Munitions

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309049466
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Alternative Technologies for the Destruction of Chemical Agents and Munitions by : National Research Council

Download or read book Alternative Technologies for the Destruction of Chemical Agents and Munitions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Army Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program was established with the goal of destroying the nation's stockpile of lethal unitary chemical weapons. Since 1990 the U.S. Army has been testing a baseline incineration technology on Johnston Island in the southern Pacific Ocean. Under the planned disposal program, this baseline technology will be imported in the mid to late 1990s to continental United States disposal facilities; construction will include eight stockpile storage sites. In early 1992 the Committee on Alternative Chemical Demilitarization Technologies was formed by the National Research Council to investigate potential alternatives to the baseline technology. This book, the result of its investigation, addresses the use of alternative destruction technologies to replace, partly or wholly, or to be used in addition to the baseline technology. The book considers principal technologies that might be applied to the disposal program, strategies that might be used to manage the stockpile, and combinations of technologies that might be employed.

Analysis of Engineering Design Studies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons at Pueblo Chemical Depot

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309076072
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Engineering Design Studies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons at Pueblo Chemical Depot by : National Research Council

Download or read book Analysis of Engineering Design Studies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons at Pueblo Chemical Depot written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-10-27 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Program Manager for Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment (PMACWA) of the Department of Defense (DOD) requested the National Research Council (NRC) to assess the engineering design studies (EDSs) developed by Parsons/Honeywell and General Atomics for a chemical demilitarization facility to completely dispose of the assembled chemical weapons at the Pueblo Chemical Depot in Pueblo, Colorado. To accomplish the task, the NRC formed the Committee on Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons: Phase II (ACW II Committee). This report presents the results of the committee's scientific and technical assessment, which will assist the Office of the Secretary of Defense in selecting the technology package for destroying the chemical munitions at Pueblo. The committee evaluated the engineering design packages proposed by the technology providers and the associated experimental studies that were performed to validate unproven unit operations. A significant part of the testing program involved expanding the technology base for the hydrolysis of energetic materials associated with assembled weapons. This process was a concern expressed by the Committee on Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons (ACW I Committee) in its original report in 1999 (NRC, 1999). The present study took place as the experimental studies were in progress. In some cases, tests for some of the supporting unit operations were not completed in time for the committee to incorporate results into its evaluation. In those cases, the committee identified and discussed potential problem areas in these operations. Based on its expertise and its aggressive data-gathering activities, the committee was able to conduct a comprehensive review of the test data that had been completed for the overall system design. This report summarizes the study.

Evaluation of Demonstration Test Results of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030907634X
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Demonstration Test Results of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons by : National Research Council

Download or read book Evaluation of Demonstration Test Results of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-01-08 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By direction of Congress, the U.S. Department of Defense's (DoD's) program manager for the Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment (PMACWA) asked the National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons: Phase II (the ACW II committee) to conduct an independent scientific and technical assessment of three alternative technologies (referred to as Demo II) under consideration for the destruction of assembled chemical weapons at U.S. chemical weapons storage sites. The three technologies are AEA Technologies Corporation's (AEA's) electrochemical oxidation process; the transpiring-wall supercritical water oxidation and gasphase chemical reduction processes of Foster Wheeler/Eco Logic/Kvaerner (FW/EL/K); and Teledyne-Commodore's solvated electron process. Each of these technologies represents an alternative to incineration for the complete destruction of chemical agents and associated energetic materials. The demonstration tests were approved by the PMACWA after an initial assessment of each technology. The results of that initial assessment were reviewed by an earlier NRC committee, the Committee on Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons (the ACW I committee). For the present review, the committee conducted an indepth examination of each technology provider's data, analyses, and demonstration test results for the critical components tested. This review report supplements the ACW I report and considers the demonstration performance of the Demo II candidate technologies and their readiness for advancement to pilot-scale implementation. Because testing in these areas is ongoing, the committee decided to cut short its fact-finding efforts for input to this report as of March 30, 2001.

Evaluation of Demonstration Test Results of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309172217
Total Pages : 53 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Demonstration Test Results of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons by : National Research Council

Download or read book Evaluation of Demonstration Test Results of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-14 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1996, the U.S. Congress enacted two laws, Public Law 104-201 (authorization legislation) and Public Law 104-208 (appropriation legislation), mandating that the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) conduct an assessment of alternative technologies to the baseline incineration process for the demilitarization of assembled chemical munitions. The PMACWA had previously requested that the National Research Council (NRC) perform and publish an independent evaluation of the seven technologies packages that had been selected during earlier phases of the Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment (ACWA) program and deliver a report by September 1, 1999. However, to meet that deadline, the NRC Committee on Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons (ACW Committee) had to terminate its data-gathering activities on March 15, 1999, prior to the completion of demonstration tests. In September 1999, the PMACWA requested that the ACW Committee examine the reports of the demonstration tests and determine if the results changed the committee's original findings, recommendations, and comments. Evaluation of Demonstration Test Results of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons documents the committee's reassessment of the findings and recommendations in the original report, Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons.

Chemical Demilitarization

Author : Albert J. Mauroni
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313051682
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Demilitarization by : Albert J. Mauroni

Download or read book Chemical Demilitarization written by Albert J. Mauroni and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2003-04-30 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than 15 years, the Army's chemical demilitarization program has been criticized and castigated as a potentially dangerous effort, poorly executed without concern for the public. By reviewing the chemical demilitarization program as a public policy area, Mauroni offers a different perspective on how the Army worked with Congress and the public to offer the safest program possible. The Army was forced to delay its own schedule and increase the breadth and depth of the program to address political demands and idealistic environmental concerns. Mauroni contends that Army and Department of Defense leadership's insistence on treating this program as a strictly technical effort, rather than as a public policy concern is in part responsible for the public's misunderstanding of the Army's execution of the program. Despite its challenges, the Army is well on its way to accomplishing its goal of destroying the U.S. chemical weapons stockpile with no impact on the public or environment. They have stumbled through, however, rather than planned their exit. According to Mauroni, the Army needs to examine this program carefully to identify how to address public policy questions better in the future, to include responding to chemical and biological terrorism, developing a biological warfare vaccine program, and addressing future Gulf War illness questions. Their failure to learn will otherwise result in a continued inability to address critical questions on how they respond to chemical and biological warfare issues.

Scientific Advances in Alternative Demilitarization Technologies

Author : F.W. Holm
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400916833
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Advances in Alternative Demilitarization Technologies by : F.W. Holm

Download or read book Scientific Advances in Alternative Demilitarization Technologies written by F.W. Holm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FRANCIS W. HOLM Science Applications International Corporation 7102 Meadow Lane, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) sponsored an Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) in Warsaw, Poland on April 24-25, 1995, to collect and study information on alternative and supplemental demilitarization technologies. The conference included experienced scientists and engineers, who delivered presentations and provided written reports oftheir findings. Countries describing their technologies included: Poland (pre-processing, thermal oxidation, and instrumentation), Russia (molten salt oxidation, plasma, catalytic oxidation, supertoxicants, molten metal, fluid bed reactions, and hydrogenation), Germany (supercritical water oxidation and detoxification), the United Kingdom (electrochemical oxidation), the United States (wet air oxidation, detoxification and biodegradation), and the Czech Republic (biodegradation). The technologies identified for assessment at the workshop are alternatives to incineration technology for chemical warfare agent destruction. Treatment of metal parts and explosive or energetic material were considered as a secondary issue. The treatment of dunnage and problems associated with decontamination, while recognized as an element of demilitarization, received only limited discussion. The alternative technologies are grouped into three categories based on process bulk operating temperature: low (O-200°C), medium (200-600°C), and high (600-3,500°C). Reaction types considered include hydrolysis, oxidation, electrochemical, hydrogenation, and pyrolysis. These categories represent a broad spectrum of processes, some of which have been studied only in the laboratory and some of which are in commercial use for destruction of hazardous and toxic wastes. Some technologies have been developed and used for specific commercial applications.

Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons

Author : Committee on Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309083591
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (835 download)

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Book Synopsis Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons by : Committee on Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons

Download or read book Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons written by Committee on Review and Evaluation of Alternative Technologies for Demilitarization of Assembled Chemical Weapons and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-12-08 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines seven disposal technologies being considered by the U.S. government as alternative methods to the process of incineration for destroying mortars, rockets, land mines, and other weapons that contain chemical warfare agents, such as mustard gas. These weapons are considered especially dangerous because they contain both chemical warfare agent and explosive materials in an assembled package that must be disassembled for destruction. The study identifies the strengths and weaknesses and advantages and disadvantages of each technology and assesses their potential for full-scale implementation.

Chemical Weapons Disposal

Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Weapons Disposal by : United States. General Accounting Office

Download or read book Chemical Weapons Disposal written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Chemical Demilitarization

Author : United States Government Accountability Office
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781976381744
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (817 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemical Demilitarization by : United States Government Accountability Office

Download or read book Chemical Demilitarization written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Destruction of the nation's remaining stockpile of chemical weapons in a safe, efficient, and timely manner is essential to meet Chemical Weapons Convention treaty obligations and to reduce the risk of a potential catastrophic event. The Department of Defense (DOD) established the Chemical Demilitarization Program to manage the destruction of the remaining stockpile. GAO was asked to evaluate the (1) progress DOD and the Army have made in addressing GAO's prior recommendations to strengthen program management, (2) reasonableness of schedule milestones, (3) reliability of cost estimates, and (4) effectiveness of efforts to provide monetary incentives to the systems contractors. GAO reviewed relevant planning documents, schedules, cost estimates, and contracts; interviewed program and contractor officials; and visited chemical agent destruction sites.

By Fire and Ice

Author : David A. Koplow
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000261816
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis By Fire and Ice by : David A. Koplow

Download or read book By Fire and Ice written by David A. Koplow and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-01-26 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 1997, examines the forced merger between national security interests and environmental policy makers arising from the Chemical Weapons Convention and its requirement to safely dismantle the world’s chemical weapons stockpiles. The two groups had to find a way to intersect and work together, and this book analyses the problems and politics involved.

Safely Destroying America's Stockpile of Chemical Weapons

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Safely Destroying America's Stockpile of Chemical Weapons by :

Download or read book Safely Destroying America's Stockpile of Chemical Weapons written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Risk Associated with the Demilitarization of the United States Chemical Weapons Stockpile

Author : G. F. Flanagan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Risk Associated with the Demilitarization of the United States Chemical Weapons Stockpile by : G. F. Flanagan

Download or read book Risk Associated with the Demilitarization of the United States Chemical Weapons Stockpile written by G. F. Flanagan and published by . This book was released on 1989* with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Mobile Alternative Demilitarization Technologies

Author : F.W. Holm
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401155267
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Mobile Alternative Demilitarization Technologies by : F.W. Holm

Download or read book Mobile Alternative Demilitarization Technologies written by F.W. Holm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FRANCIS W. HOLM 7102 Meadow Lane, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) sponsored an Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) in Prague, Czech Republic, on 1-2 July 1996, to collect and study information on mobile alternative and supplemental demilitarization technologies and to report these fmdings. The mobile, or transportable, technologies identified for assessment at the workshop are alternatives to incineration technology for destruction of munitions, chemical warfare agent, and associated materials and debris. Although the discussion focused on the treatment of metal parts and explosive or energetic material, requirements for decontamination of other materials were discussed. The mobile alternative technologies are grouped into three categories based on process bulk operating temperature: low (0-200 C), medium (200-600 C), and high (600- 3,500 C). Reaction types considered include hydrolysis, biodegradation, electrochemical oxidation, gas-phase high-temperature reduction, stearn reforming, gasification, sulfur reactions, solvated electron chemistry, sodium reactions, supercritical water oxidation, wet air oxidation, and plasma torch technology. These categories represent a broad spectrum of processes, some of which have been studied only in the laboratory and some of which are in commercial use for destruction of hazardous and toxic wastes. Some technologies have been developed and used for specific commercial applications; however, in all cases, research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT &E) is necessary to assure that each technology application is effective for destroying chemical warfare materiel.

Effects of the Deletion of Chemical Agent Washout on Operations at the Blue Grass Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309389518
Total Pages : 53 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of the Deletion of Chemical Agent Washout on Operations at the Blue Grass Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Effects of the Deletion of Chemical Agent Washout on Operations at the Blue Grass Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-06-13 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States manufactured significant quantities of chemical weapons during the Cold War and the years prior. Because the chemical weapons are aging, storage constitutes an ongoing risk to the facility workforces and to the communities nearby. In addition, the Chemical Weapons Convention treaty stipulates that the chemical weapons be destroyed. The United States has destroyed approximately 90 percent of the chemical weapons stockpile located at seven sites. As part of the effort to destroy its remaining stockpile, the Department of Defense is building the Blue Grass Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant (BGCAPP) on the Blue Grass Army Depot (BGAD), near Richmond, Kentucky. The stockpile stored at BGAD consists of rockets and projectiles containing the nerve agents GB and VX and the blister agent mustard. Continued storage poses a risk to the BGAD workforce and the surrounding community because these munitions are several decades old and are developing leaks. Due to public opposition to the use of incineration to destroy the BGAD stockpile, Congress mandated that non- incineration technologies be identified for use at BGCAPP. As a result, the original BGCAPP design called for munitions to be drained of agent and then for the munition bodies to be washed out using high-pressure hot water. However as part of a larger package of modifications called Engineering Change Proposal 87 (ECP-87), the munition washout step was eliminated. Effects of the Deletion of Chemical Agent Washout on Operations at the Blue Grass Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plant examines the impacts of this design change on operations at BGCAPP and makes recommendations to guide future decision making.

Citizen Attitudes on the Destruction and Disposal of Chemical Weapons Stockpiles

Author : Community Dialogue Forums on Chemical Weapons Demilitarization
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781884179037
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (79 download)

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Book Synopsis Citizen Attitudes on the Destruction and Disposal of Chemical Weapons Stockpiles by : Community Dialogue Forums on Chemical Weapons Demilitarization

Download or read book Citizen Attitudes on the Destruction and Disposal of Chemical Weapons Stockpiles written by Community Dialogue Forums on Chemical Weapons Demilitarization and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: