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Chemical Kinetic Characterization Of Autoignition And Combustion Of Surrogate Diesel
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Book Synopsis Chemical-Kinetic Characterization of Autoignition and Combustion of Surrogate Diesel by : K. Seshadri
Download or read book Chemical-Kinetic Characterization of Autoignition and Combustion of Surrogate Diesel written by K. Seshadri and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was performed to elucidate the chemical-kinetic mechanism of combustion of toluene. The research was performed in collaboration Dr. Charles Westbrook and Dr. William Pitz at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). A detailed chemical-kinetic mechanism for toluene developed at LLNL was employed. Numerical calculations were performed using this mechanism and the results were compared with experimental data obtained from premixed and nonpremixed systems. Under premixed conditions, predicted ignition delay times were compared with new experimental data obtained by I. Da Costa, R. Fournet, F. Billaud, F. Battin-Leclerc at Departement de Chime Physique des Reactions, CNRS-ENSIC, BP. 451, 1, rue Grandville, 51001 Nancy, France. Also, calculated species concentration histories were compared to experimental flow reactor data from the literature. Under nonpremixed conditions, critical conditions of extinction and autoignition were measured in strained laminar flows in the counterflow configuration. Numerical calculations were performed using the chemical-kinetic mechanism at conditions corresponding to those in the experiments. Critical conditions of extinction and autoignition are predicted and compared with the experimental data. Comparisons between the model predictions and experimental results of ignition delay times in shock tube, and extinction and autoignition in nonpremixed systems show that the chemical-kinetic mechanism predicts that toluene/air is overall less reactive than observed in the experiments. The principal objective of this research is to obtain a fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical mechanisms of autoignition and combustion of Diesel in nonpremixed systems. The major components of Diesel are straight-chain paraffins, branched-chain paraffins, cycloparaffins, and aromatics. The results of this research on toluene are expected to be useful in understanding the role of aromatics in combustion of Diesel.
Book Synopsis Chemical Kinetic Characterization of Autoignition and Combustion of Diesel and JP-8 by :
Download or read book Chemical Kinetic Characterization of Autoignition and Combustion of Diesel and JP-8 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the research was to obtain a fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical mechanisms of autoignition and combustion of diesel and JP-8 in non-premixed systems. Diesel and JP-8 are comprised of hundreds of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. The major components of these fuels are straight chain paraffins, branched chain paraffins, cycloparaffins, aromatics, and alkenes. Detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms that describe combustion of many of the components in diesel and JP-8 are not available and are unlikely to be developed in the near future. As a consequence, it is necessary to develop surrogate fuels. The research was focused on developing the necessary scientific knowledge for developing these surrogate fuels. The experimental part of the research was performed employing the counterflow configuration. The fuels tested were n-heptane, n-decane, n-dodecane, n-hexadecane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, toluene, and o-xylene because they represent the types of fuels in diesel and JP-8. Critical conditions of autoignition and extinction were measured. Flame structures were measured for non-premixed n-heptane flames and n-decane flames. For n-heptane and n-decane flames, numerical calculations were performed using detailed chemistry and the results were compared with experiments.
Book Synopsis Autoignition Characteristics of Diesel Fuel and Its Surrogates by : Goutham Kukkadapu
Download or read book Autoignition Characteristics of Diesel Fuel and Its Surrogates written by Goutham Kukkadapu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design process for development of engines could be made faster and less expensive with the help of computations which help understanding the processes prevalent in internal combustion engines. Running engine simulations are challenging as they need to accurately capture the fluid dynamic and chemical kinetic processes that occur in an engine. A major challenge in simulating chemical kinetic processes is the complexity of the fuel chemistry: real fuels are complex mixtures whose composition determines their physical properties and reactivity. The behavior of these real fuels can be conveniently represented using simpler mixtures often called â€surrogates mixtures†that match the key properties of the real fuels. Successful modeling of the ignition of real fuel first requires the formulation of an appropriate surrogate mixture whose compositions are carefully chosen in order to best emulate the combustion properties of the targeted real fuel. Then a comprehensive chemical kinetic model developed based on the surrogate fuel is used to simulate the combustion process of the real fuel. The work presented in the current dissertation intends to systematically study the surrogate modeling of diesel fuels. The study has been conducted to understand the ignition of surrogate fuel constituents and fully blended diesel fuels. Autoignition of tetralin, 1-methylnaphthalene, iso-cetane, and n-dodecane, the constituents of diesel surrogates, are investigated in the current dissertation. Besides, ignition of binary blends of the surrogate constituents has also been studied to investigate the effects of blending on ignition when neat components are blended to formulate a surrogate fuel. Furthermore, the ignition of two fully blended research grade diesel fuels has also been conducted inorder to provide quality ignition delay data for development and validation of chemical kinetic models of kinetic fuels.
Book Synopsis Autoignition Study of Diesel, Diesel Surrogates, and Dieselsurrogate Components at Low Temperature Combustion Conditions by : Mengyuan Wang
Download or read book Autoignition Study of Diesel, Diesel Surrogates, and Dieselsurrogate Components at Low Temperature Combustion Conditions written by Mengyuan Wang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of increasingly stringent engine emissions and fuel economy standards, there is an urgent need for developing future diesel engines with higher efficiency and lower emissions. Therefore, low temperature combustion is currently being pursued to develop new types of advanced diesel engines. Since low temperature combustion is more sensitive to chemical kinetics, the understanding of the autoignition characteristics of diesel fuels under low-to-intermediate temperatures becomes important. In order to achieve the goal of higher efficiency and lower emissions diesel engines, both experimental and computational investigations of diesel fuels at low-to-intermediate temperatures need to be conducted, as the experimental autoignition results help develop a comprehensive understanding of diesel ignition and provide a validation database for model development, and a comprehensive chemical kinetic model of diesel is also imperative for accurate prediction of ignition and emissions characteristics of diesel engines. Because diesel fuels contain hundreds, even thousands of species, and the composition of diesel is too complex to model, it is also necessary to develop surrogate fuels, which are simpler mixtures that include fuel components representative of hydrocarbon classes found in diesel fuels, and can capture the essential chemical/physical properties and performance characteristics of the target diesel fuel to sufficient accuracy. Therefore, the work presented in the current dissertation aims to gain better understandings and fill in gaps in fundamental combustion data of diesel-surrogate components and surrogate fuel mixtures relevant to diesel fuels. Autoignition of trans-decalin at low-to-intermediate temperatures has been investigated first to get a better understanding of its autoignition characteristics, and the development of a detailed chemical kinetic model of diesel surrogates has been benefited from the results of trans-decalin. The agreements of the developed diesel surrogate model have been tested by comparing with the current autoignition results of diesel surrogates, and possible sources of discrepancies between experimental and simulated results have also been investigated. Based on that, binary blends of iso-cetane and tetralin are further chosen for autoignition investigation to help find out possible reasons causing those discrepancies and to further benefit the refinement and development of comprehensive diesel surrogate models.
Book Synopsis Continuation of Artistics Notes on the Windows of King's College Chapel, Cambridge George Scharf by :
Download or read book Continuation of Artistics Notes on the Windows of King's College Chapel, Cambridge George Scharf written by and published by . This book was released on 1861 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diesel Surrogate Fuels for Engine Testing and Chemical-kinetic Modeling by :
Download or read book Diesel Surrogate Fuels for Engine Testing and Chemical-kinetic Modeling written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, the primary objectives of this work were to formulate, blend, and characterize a set of four ultralow-sulfur diesel surrogate fuels in quantities sufficient to enable their study in single-cylinder-engine and combustion-vessel experiments. The surrogate fuels feature increasing levels of compositional accuracy (i.e., increasing exactness in matching hydrocarbon structural characteristics) relative to the single target diesel fuel upon which the surrogate fuels are based. This approach was taken to assist in determining the minimum level of surrogate-fuel compositional accuracy that is required to adequately emulate the performance characteristics of the target fuel under different combustion modes. For each of the four surrogate fuels, an approximately 30 L batch was blended, and a number of the physical and chemical properties were measured. This work documents the surrogate-fuel creation process and the results of the property measurements.
Book Synopsis Chemistry of Diesel Fuels by : Chunsham Song
Download or read book Chemistry of Diesel Fuels written by Chunsham Song and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-08 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited work covers diesel fuel chemistry in a systematic fashion from initial fuel production to the tail pipe exhaust. The chapters are written by leading experts in the research areas of analytical characterization of diesel fuel, fuel production and refining, catalysis in fuel processing, pollution minimization and control, and diesel fuel additives.
Book Synopsis Autoignition Study of Ethanol and Heptane in a Rapid Compression Machine by : Varun Anthony Davies
Download or read book Autoignition Study of Ethanol and Heptane in a Rapid Compression Machine written by Varun Anthony Davies and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical fuels are a complex mixture of thousands of hydrocarbon compounds, making it challenging and difficult to study their combustion behavior. It's generally agreed that in order to study these complex practical fuels a much simpler approach of studying simple fuel surrogates containing limited number of components is more feasible. Ethanol and n-heptane have been studied as primary reference fuels in the surrogate study of gasoline and diesel over the past few decades. The objective of the following thesis has been to study the autoignition characteristics of ethanol and n-heptane and validate chemical kinetic mechanisms. The validation of a chemical kinetic mechanism provides a deeper insight into the combustion behavior of the fuels which can be further used to study advanced combustion concepts. Experiments have been conducted on the rapid compression machine (RCM) and validated against mechanisms from literature study. Rapid compression machines have been primarily used to study chemical kinetics at low to intermediate temperatures and high pressures for their accuracy and reproducibility. For the following study experiments span over a range of temperature (650-1000 K), pressure (10, 15 and 20 bar) and equivalence ratio ([phi]=0.3, 0.5, 1). Experimental data based on the adiabatic volumetric expansion approach have been modeled numerically using the Sandia SENKIN code in conjunction with CHEMKIN. Experiments have been primarily focused on validating kinetic mechanisms at low to intermediate temperatures and elevated pressures. Ignition delay time data from experiments have been deduced based on the pressure and time histories. A brute sensitivity and flux analysis has been performed to reveal the key sensitive reactions and the dominant reaction pathways followed under the present experimental conditions. Improvements have been suggested and discrepancies noted in order to develop a valid chemical kinetic mechanism. Under the present experimental conditions for the study of ethanol, reactions involving hydroperoxyl radicals, namely C2H5OH+HȮ2 and CH3CHO+ HȮ2 as well as the formation of H2O2 from HȮ2 radical and its subsequent decomposition have been found to be sensitive. Based on the following, improvements and developements have been suggested to increase the accuracy and predictability of the mechanisms studied. Ignition delay data from experiments have been compared against those obtained from the mechanism used in the study for n-heptane. Discrepancies have been found in the low temperature region, with the mechanism under predicting the first ignition delay. The causes for the discrepancy have been noted to be due to the NTC behaviour exhibited during the two stage ignition of n-heptane. At low temperatures the reaction pathway proceeded by chain branching mainly due to the ketohydroperoxide species reaction pathway has been analysed. As the temperature of the reaction increases the reaction pathway is dominated by the ȮOH species propagation resulting in the formation of conjugate olefins and [Beta]-decomposition products, a further investigation of which can help improve the predictability of the mechanism.
Book Synopsis Characteristics and Control of Low Temperature Combustion Engines by : Rakesh Kumar Maurya
Download or read book Characteristics and Control of Low Temperature Combustion Engines written by Rakesh Kumar Maurya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-03 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with novel advanced engine combustion technologies having potential of high fuel conversion efficiency along with ultralow NOx and particulate matter (PM) emissions. It offers insight into advanced combustion modes for efficient utilization of gasoline like fuels. Fundamentals of various advanced low temperature combustion (LTC) systems such as HCCI, PCCI, PPC and RCCI engines and their fuel quality requirements are also discussed. Detailed performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of futuristic engine technologies such as PPC and RCCI employing conventional as well as alternative fuels are analyzed and discussed. Special emphasis is placed on soot particle number emission characterization, high load limiting constraints, and fuel effects on combustion characteristics in LTC engines. For closed loop combustion control of LTC engines, sensors, actuators and control strategies are also discussed. The book should prove useful to a broad audience, including graduate students, researchers, and professionals Offers novel technologies for improved and efficient utilization of gasoline like fuels; Deals with most advanced and futuristic engine combustion modes such as PPC and RCCI; Comprehensible presentation of the performance, combustion and emissions characteristics of low temperature combustion (LTC) engines; Deals with closed loop combustion control of advanced LTC engines; State-of-the-art technology book that concisely summarizes the recent advancements in LTC technology. .
Book Synopsis A Computational Investigation of Diesel and Biodiesel Combustion and NOx Formation in a Light-duty Compression Ignition Engine by :
Download or read book A Computational Investigation of Diesel and Biodiesel Combustion and NOx Formation in a Light-duty Compression Ignition Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel and biodiesel combustion in a multi-cylinder light duty diesel engine were simulated during a closed cycle (from IVC to EVO), using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, CONVERGE, coupled with detailed chemical kinetics. The computational domain was constructed based on engine geometry and compression ratio measurements. A skeletal n-heptane-based diesel mechanism developed by researchers at Chalmers University of Technology and a reduced biodiesel mechanism derived and validated by Luo and co-workers were applied to model the combustion chemistry. The biodiesel mechanism contains 89 species and 364 reactions and uses methyl decanoate, methyl-9- decenoate, and n-heptane as the surrogate fuel mixture. The Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor (KH-RT) spray breakup model for diesel and biodiesel was calibrated to account for the differences in physical properties of the fuels which result in variations in atomization and spray development characteristics. The simulations were able to capture the experimentally observed pressure and apparent heat release rate trends for both the fuels over a range of engine loads (BMEPs from 2.5 to 10 bar) and fuel injection timings (from 0° BTDC to 10° BTDC), thus validating the overall modeling approach as well as the chemical kinetic models of diesel and biodiesel surrogates. Moreover, quantitative NOx predictions for diesel combustion and qualitative NOx predictions for biodiesel combustion were obtained with the CFD simulations and the in-cylinder temperature trends were correlated to the NOx trends.
Book Synopsis Autoignition and Combustion in Diesel Engines Under Cold Starting Conditions by :
Download or read book Autoignition and Combustion in Diesel Engines Under Cold Starting Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report includes the results of an investigation on the autoignition and combustion processes in diesel engines at low ambient temperatures. Experiments were conducted on three different single-cylinder direct-injection, four-stroke engines, using fuels of different cetane numbers and physical properties. Tests covered ambient temperatures ranging from 250C to -250C. The engines were soaked at least eight hours before a cold start test. The analysis indicated that the difficulty in starting diesel engines is caused by combustion instability at low temperatures. Combustion instability will cause the engine to misfire once before it fires again. This is referred to as 8-stroke-cycle operation. If it misfires twice, it is referred to as l2-stroke-cycle operation, and so on. This pattern was found to be reproducable. The engine may start on a l2-stroke-cycle operation at low temperatures, shift to an 8-stroke-cycle, and finally shifts to the regular 4-stroke-cycle. This pattern has been found not to be engine or fuel specific. A detailed thermodynamic and combustion analysis of the experimental data indicated that the cause for combustion instability is a combination of dynamic, physical and chemical kinetics factors. Recommendations are made to reduce combustion instability by using the electronic controls already available on engines.
Book Synopsis A Detailed Chemical Kinetic Analysis of Low Temperature Non-Sooting Diesel Combustion by : S. M. Aceves
Download or read book A Detailed Chemical Kinetic Analysis of Low Temperature Non-Sooting Diesel Combustion written by S. M. Aceves and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have developed a model of the diesel fuel injection process for application to analysis of low temperature non-sooting combustion. The model uses a simplified mixing correlation and detailed chemical kinetics, and analyzes a parcel of fuel as it moves along the fuel jet, from injection into evaporation and ignition. The model predicts chemical composition and soot precursors, and is applied at conditions that result in low temperature non-sooting combustion. Production of soot precursors is the first step toward production of soot, and modeling precursor production is expected to give insight into the overall evolution of soot inside the engine. The results of the analysis show that the model has been successful in describing many of the observed characteristics of low temperature combustion. The model predicts results that are qualitatively similar to those obtained for soot formation experiments at conditions in which the EGR rate is increased from zero to very high values as the fueling rate is kept constant. The model also describes the two paths to achieve non-sooting combustion. The first is smokeless rich combustion and the second is modulated kinetics (MK). The importance of the temperature after ignition and the equivalence ratio at the time of ignition is demonstrated, as these parameters can be used to collapse onto a single line all the results for soot precursors for multiple fueling rates. A parametric analysis indicates that precursor formation increases considerably as the gas temperature in the combustion chamber and the characteristic mixing time are increased. The model provides a chemical kinetic description of low temperature diesel combustion that improves the understanding of this clean and efficient regime of operation.
Book Synopsis Low-temperature Combustion and Autoignition by :
Download or read book Low-temperature Combustion and Autoignition written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis HCCI and CAI Engines for the Automotive Industry by : Hua Zhao
Download or read book HCCI and CAI Engines for the Automotive Industry written by Hua Zhao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-09-10 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI)/controlled auto-ignition (CAI) has emerged as one of the most promising engine technologies with the potential to combine fuel efficiency and improved emissions performance, offering reduced nitrous oxides and particulate matter alongside efficiency comparable with modern diesel engines. Despite the considerable advantages, its operational range is rather limited and controlling the combustion (timing of ignition and rate of energy release) is still an area of on-going research. Commercial applications are, however, close to reality. HCCI a.
Book Synopsis Autoignition and Chemical-Kinetic Mechanisms of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Combustion for the Fuels with Various Autoignition Reactivity by : Dongwon Jung
Download or read book Autoignition and Chemical-Kinetic Mechanisms of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Combustion for the Fuels with Various Autoignition Reactivity written by Dongwon Jung and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work demonstrates the autoignition and chemical-kinetic mechanisms of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion for the fuels with various autoignition reactivity. This is done for four fuels: methane, dimethyl ether (DME), iso-octane and n-heptane. Methane and iso-octane are selected as the single-stage ignition fuel, and DME and n-heptane are selected as the two-stage ignition fuel. As a tool for understanding the characteristics of autoignition and combustion process in HCCI engine, a zero-dimensional single-zone engine model of 'CHEMKIN' in Chemkin-Pro was used. The complete compression and expansion strokes were modeled using an engine with a connecting-rod length to crank-radius ratio of 3.5 and a compression ratio of 13. A detailed chemical-kinetic mechanism for methane and DME is Mech_56.54 (113 species and 710 reactions). For iso-octane and n-heptane, a detailed chemical-kinetic mechanism from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (1034 species and 4236 reactions) is used. The results show that methane and iso-octane exhibit only the main heat release, 'high-temperature heat release (HTHR)' by high-temperature reactions (HTR). In contrast, both DME and n-heptane exhibit the first heat release 'low-temperature heat release (LTHR)' associated with low-temperature reactions (LTR) before HTHR.
Book Synopsis Low-temperature Combustion and Autoignition by : M.J. Pilling
Download or read book Low-temperature Combustion and Autoignition written by M.J. Pilling and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-11-27 with total page 823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion has played a central role in the development of our civilization which it maintains today as its predominant source of energy. The aim of this book is to provide an understanding of both fundamental and applied aspects of low-temperature combustion chemistry and autoignition. The topic is rooted in classical observational science and has grown, through an increasing understanding of the linkage of the phenomenology to coupled chemical reactions, to quite profound advances in the chemical kinetics of both complex and elementary reactions. The driving force has been both the intrinsic interest of an old and intriguing phenomenon and the centrality of its applications to our economic prosperity. The volume provides a coherent view of the subject while, at the same time, each chapter is self-contained.
Book Synopsis A Study of Autoignition in a Premixed Charge, Internal Combustion Engine Using Comprehensive Chemical Kinetics by : Philip Michael Dimpelfeld
Download or read book A Study of Autoignition in a Premixed Charge, Internal Combustion Engine Using Comprehensive Chemical Kinetics written by Philip Michael Dimpelfeld and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
