Characterization Of The Oral Microbiome In Orthodontic Patients

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Characterization of the Oral Microbiome in Orthodontic Patients

Author : Edward Viloria
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of the Oral Microbiome in Orthodontic Patients by : Edward Viloria

Download or read book Characterization of the Oral Microbiome in Orthodontic Patients written by Edward Viloria and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are approximately 700 bacterial species present in the oral cavity that exist in a complex, delicately balanced ecosystem. Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances has been shown to disrupt this balance leading to an increased risk of white spot lesions, caries and periodontal disease. With the advent of clear aligners, orthodontic patients are now able to remove their appliances and perform oral hygiene more efficiently. Previous studies have examined the effects of fixed and removable orthodontic appliances on periodontal health with varying results. We examined patients at the UCLA Orthodontics Clinic with fixed appliances (n=12) and clear aligners (n=12) through the first six months of treatment. Periodontal status was evaluated using the Turesky et al. Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (PI) and the L e and Silness Gingival Index (GI). Plaque was collected from anterior teeth, posterior teeth and from the inner surface of the clear aligner trays. DNA from the plaque samples was extracted and subjected to next generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. There was a significant increase in PI and GI in the fixed appliance group over the first six months of treatment. In the clear aligner group, there was no significant increase in PI, but there was a significant, yet transient increase in GI that eventually returned to baseline levels. Distinct, patient-specific shifts in the microbial communities were observed in both groups upon starting treatment. The microbial community inside the clear aligners is unique and less diverse than those found on teeth, but the overall composition of tooth-associated biofilm was similar between both groups. Patients treated with fixed appliances experienced significantly more plaque accumulation on the surfaces of the teeth compared to patients treated with clear aligners. This increase in plaque accumulation in the fixed appliance group was associated with a significant increase in gingival inflammation, which was localized to the posterior teeth. The inner surfaces of the clear aligner trays harbor a unique microbial community that is less diverse than those found in tooth-associated biofilms.

Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement

Author : Vinod Krishnan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119608937
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement by : Vinod Krishnan

Download or read book Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement written by Vinod Krishnan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-05-24 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement This new edition continues to be an authoritative reference to the scientific foundations underpinning clinical orthodontics The newly and thoroughly revised Third Edition of Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement delivers a comprehensive reference for orthodontic trainees and specialists. It is fully updated to include new chapters on personalized orthodontics as well as the inflammatory process occurring in the dental and paradental tissues. It is heavily illustrated throughout, making it easier for readers to understand and retain the information discussed within. The topics covered range from bone biology, the effects of mechanical loading on tissues and cells, genetics, tissue remodeling, and the effects of diet, drugs, and systemic diseases. The Third Edition of Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement features seven sections that cover subjects such as: The development of biological concepts in orthodontics, including the cellular and molecular biology behind orthodontic tooth movement Mechanics meets biology, including the effects of mechanical loading on hard and soft tissues and cells, and biological reactions to temporary anchorage devices Inflammation and orthodontics, including markers for tissue remodeling in the gingival crevicular fluid and saliva Personalized diagnosis and treatment based on genomic criteria, including the genetic influences on orthodontic tooth movement Rapid orthodontics, including methods to accelerate or decelerate orthodontic tooth movement Perfect for residents and PhD students of orthodontic and periodontal programs, Biological Mechanisms of Tooth Movement is also useful to academics, clinicians, bone biologists, and researchers with an interest in the mechanics and biology of tooth movement.

High Resolution Characterization of the Human Oral Microbiome in Health and Disease

Author : Chiranjit Mukherjee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (117 download)

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Book Synopsis High Resolution Characterization of the Human Oral Microbiome in Health and Disease by : Chiranjit Mukherjee

Download or read book High Resolution Characterization of the Human Oral Microbiome in Health and Disease written by Chiranjit Mukherjee and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In conclusion, a new sequencing approach was developed here, and applied in three separate clinical microbiome studies, in conjunction with standard 16S sequencing, to gain new insights into the personalization, stability, acquisition and strain diversity of the oral microbiota in health and disease. These insights will help improve our understanding of the complex microbial communities that reside within the human oral cavity and their interactions with the human host.

Initial Changes In The Oral Microbiome In Orthodontic Patients During Treatment

Author : Andrew Hopkins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (136 download)

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Book Synopsis Initial Changes In The Oral Microbiome In Orthodontic Patients During Treatment by : Andrew Hopkins

Download or read book Initial Changes In The Oral Microbiome In Orthodontic Patients During Treatment written by Andrew Hopkins and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: The oral microbiome is host to a diverse set of microbes and is extremely dynamic depending on the environment that it is placed in. Microbial profile changes are associated with a patient's ability to practice proper oral hygiene, the diet they maintain, adequate salivary flow and composition, and a myriad of other contributing factors. Orthodontic appliances pose as an obstacle as they act as plaque retentive surfaces on the teeth and hinder the patient's ability to perform oral hygiene successfully. The inability to remove plaque allows it to develop into a mature biofilm, capable of causing dental diseases such as caries and periodontal disease.Objective: Our study aims to investigate how patients microbial profiles and gingival/plaque indices change over time comparing patients undergoing orthodontic therapy through fixed appliances with those receiving clear aligner therapy with a focus on early time points. Methods: The study was performed on a total of nine patients, five of which received fixed appliances and four received clear aligner therapy. Both supragingival and subgingival bacterial samples were collected at six different timepoints: T0 (baseline directly before orthodontic treatment commences), T1 (one-week after orthodontic treatment commences), T2 (two- weeks), T3 (three-weeks), T4 (four-week) and T5 (three-months). Additionally, at each visit the gingival and plaque indices were recorded. The indices were compared within each group at successive time points as well as between both treatment groups. The composition of the plaque samples was elucidated by extracting the DNA and performing next generation sequencing of the 16S rRNA. Changes in plaque profiles, diversity, and overall composition were compared between timepoints and between both treatment groups. Results: The results of the study showed that there was a general trend for higher gingival indices in patients undergoing FA when compared to CA therapy, which was statistically significant at T5 (p

Oral Microbiome and Inflammation Connection to Systemic Health

Author : Tomomi Hashizume-Takizawa
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889719324
Total Pages : 119 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Oral Microbiome and Inflammation Connection to Systemic Health by : Tomomi Hashizume-Takizawa

Download or read book Oral Microbiome and Inflammation Connection to Systemic Health written by Tomomi Hashizume-Takizawa and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Oral Microbiome is a Key Factor in Oral and Systemic Health

Author : Florence Carrouel
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889746410
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oral Microbiome is a Key Factor in Oral and Systemic Health by : Florence Carrouel

Download or read book The Oral Microbiome is a Key Factor in Oral and Systemic Health written by Florence Carrouel and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-10 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Oral Microbiome in an Ecological Perspective

Author : Egija Zaura
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889195767
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oral Microbiome in an Ecological Perspective by : Egija Zaura

Download or read book The Oral Microbiome in an Ecological Perspective written by Egija Zaura and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-27 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oral cavity harbors an immense diversity of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, archaea, protozoa and viruses. At health, oral microbial community is thought to be in a state of homeostasis, even after numerous perturbations (e.g., toothbrushing, food intake) a day. The breach in this homeostasis can occur for instance if the perturbations become too excessive (e.g., frequent carbohydrate intake leading to acidification of the community) or the host is compromised (e.g., inadequate immune response resulting in persistent inflammation of periodontal tissue). Aggressive antimicrobial therapy (e.g., antibiotics in case of periodontal disease or preventive antibiotic therapy before and after dental extractions) is commonly applied with all the negative consequences of this approach. So far little is known on the interplay between the environmental, host and microbial factors in maintaining an ecological balance. What are the prerequisites for a healthy oral ecosystem? Can we restore an unbalanced oral microbiome? How stable is the oral microbiome through time and how robust it is to external perturbations? Gaining new insights in the ecological factors sustaining oral health will lead to conceptually new therapies and preventive programs. Recent advances in high throughput technologies have brought microbiology as a science to a new era, allowing an open-ended approach instead of focusing on few opportunistic pathogens. With this topic we would like to integrate the current high-throughput ‘omics’ tools such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics or metabolomics with biochemical, physiological, genetic or clinical parameters within the oral microbial ecosystem. We aim to address questions underlying the regulation of the ecological balance in the oral cavity by including the following areas: • Ecology of oral microbiome at health • Ecology of oral microbiome under oral diseases • Ecology of oral microbiome during non-oral diseases • Shifts in the oral microbiome by therapeutic approaches (e.g., antimicrobials, replacement therapy, pre- and probiotics) • Modeling of oral ecological shifts (e.g., animal models, in vitro microcosm models) • Complex inter- and intra-kingdom interactions (e.g., bacterial-fungal-host) related to oral ecology • Environmental (e.g., diet, tobacco), host-related (e.g., immune response, saliva composition and flow) and biotic (e.g., bacterial competition) factors influencing oral ecology • Geographic variation in oral microbial ecology and diversity

Oral Microbiome in Endocarditis Patients

Author : Sathya Narayanan. G
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (241 download)

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Book Synopsis Oral Microbiome in Endocarditis Patients by : Sathya Narayanan. G

Download or read book Oral Microbiome in Endocarditis Patients written by Sathya Narayanan. G and published by . This book was released on 2024-01-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book "Oral Microbiome in Endocarditis Patients" focuses on the analysis of the human oral microbiome in patients with infective endocarditis and healthy individuals. The author, Sathya Narayanan.G, uses 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis to investigate the microbial diversity and composition of the oral cavity in these two groups. The book highlights the importance of oral health in the prevention of infective endocarditis, a serious condition in which the inner lining of the heart becomes infected. The author examines the role of specific bacterial species in the development of infective endocarditis and explores potential treatment strategies based on this knowledge. The book also provides valuable insights into the normal composition of the oral microbiome in healthy individuals, which can be used as a reference for future studies. The author discusses the impact of various factors such as diet, smoking, and hygiene on the oral microbiome and its potential implications for overall health. Overall, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the oral microbiome in relation to infective endocarditis and highlights the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene for overall health.

Oral Biofilms

Author : S. Eick
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3318068527
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Oral Biofilms by : S. Eick

Download or read book Oral Biofilms written by S. Eick and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2020-12-21 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofilms are highly organized polymicrobial communities that are embedded in an extracellular matrix and formed on natural and artificial surfaces. In the oral cavity, biofilms are formed not only on natural teeth, but also on restorative materials, prosthetic constructions, and dental implants. Oral diseases like caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and also pulp inflammation are associated with biofilms. This publication is an up-to-date overview on oral biofilms from different clinically relevant perspectives. Experts comprising basic researchers and clinicians report on recent research relating to biofilms - from general summaries to recommendations for daily clinical work. This book covers all aspects of oral biofilms, including models used in the laboratory, biofilms in dental water unit lines, periodontal and peri-implant biofilms, caries-related biofilms, halitosis, endodontic biofilms, and Candida infections, as well as biofilms on dental materials and on orthodontic appliances. Several chapters deal with anti-biofilm therapy, from the efficacy of mechanical methods and the use of antimicrobials, to alternative concepts. This publication is particularly recommended to dental medicine students, practitioners, other oral healthcare professionals, and scientists with an interest in translational research on biofilms.

The Oral Microbiome

Author : Guy Adami
Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781071615171
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (151 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oral Microbiome by : Guy Adami

Download or read book The Oral Microbiome written by Guy Adami and published by Humana. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume discusses the oral microbiome, and oral and systemic health. The chapters in this book cover topics such as analytical techniques for identifying and measuring oral bacteria; strategies for controlling common sources of variability in oral microbiome methods for viral bacterial and fungal analysis; ways to study oral DNA and RNA samples to identify molecular pathways to disease; approaches to functional assays for oral bacteriophage, antibiotic purging of systemic bacteria; and metaproteomic analysis of various oral samples. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and practical, The Oral Microbiome: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for any scientist or researcher looking to further study this exciting and developing field.

The New Science of Metagenomics

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309106761
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The New Science of Metagenomics by : National Research Council

Download or read book The New Science of Metagenomics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-06-24 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although we can't usually see them, microbes are essential for every part of human life-indeed all life on Earth. The emerging field of metagenomics offers a new way of exploring the microbial world that will transform modern microbiology and lead to practical applications in medicine, agriculture, alternative energy, environmental remediation, and many others areas. Metagenomics allows researchers to look at the genomes of all of the microbes in an environment at once, providing a "meta" view of the whole microbial community and the complex interactions within it. It's a quantum leap beyond traditional research techniques that rely on studying-one at a time-the few microbes that can be grown in the laboratory. At the request of the National Science Foundation, five Institutes of the National Institutes of Health, and the Department of Energy, the National Research Council organized a committee to address the current state of metagenomics and identify obstacles current researchers are facing in order to determine how to best support the field and encourage its success. The New Science of Metagenomics recommends the establishment of a "Global Metagenomics Initiative" comprising a small number of large-scale metagenomics projects as well as many medium- and small-scale projects to advance the technology and develop the standard practices needed to advance the field. The report also addresses database needs, methodological challenges, and the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in supporting this new field.

Atlas of Oral Microbiology: From Healthy Microflora to Disease

Author : Xuedong Zhou
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811578990
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Atlas of Oral Microbiology: From Healthy Microflora to Disease by : Xuedong Zhou

Download or read book Atlas of Oral Microbiology: From Healthy Microflora to Disease written by Xuedong Zhou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the second edition of Atlas of Oral Microbiology: From Healthy Microflora to Disease (ISBN 978-0-12-802234-4), with two new features: we add about 60 pictures of 14 newly isolated microbes from human dental plaque, at the same time, we re-organize the content of this book and provide more research progress about the oral microbiome bank of China, the invasion of oral microbiota into the gut, and the relationships between Oral Microflora and Human Diseases. This book is keeping up with the advanced edge of the international research field of oral microbiology. It innovatively gives us a complete description of the oral microbial systems according to different oral ecosystems. It collects a large number of oral microbial pictures, including cultural pictures, colonies photos, and electron microscopy photos. It is by far the most abundant oral microbiology atlas consists of the largest number of pictures. In the meantime, it also described in detail a variety of experimental techniques, including microbiological isolation, culture, and identification. It is an atlas with strong practical function. The editors and writers of this book have long been engaged in teaching and research work in oral microbiology and oral microecology. This book deserves a broad audience, and it will meet the needs of researchers, clinicians, teachers, and students major in biology, dental medicine, basic medicine, or clinical medicine. It can also be used to facilitate teaching and international academic exchanges.

Characterization of Uncultured, Human Oral Microbiota Using a Targeted, Single-cell Genomics Approach

Author : Alisha Gail Campbell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of Uncultured, Human Oral Microbiota Using a Targeted, Single-cell Genomics Approach by : Alisha Gail Campbell

Download or read book Characterization of Uncultured, Human Oral Microbiota Using a Targeted, Single-cell Genomics Approach written by Alisha Gail Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial communities associated with the human oral cavity are complex, and many oral microbes have yet to be cultured. These uncultured community members are of interest ecologically and phylogenetically, and a number of uncultured species have been positively correlated with oral diseases such as periodontitis. Thus, an approach was adapted to selectively separate single cells from mixed populations of oral bacteria and obtain genomic information for uncultured community members. A combination of fluorescent labeling, cell sorting with flow cytometry and multiple displacement amplification was used to obtain sufficient genomic material for whole-genome pyrosequencing. The first targets were from uncultured oral lineages within Deltaproteobacteria groups Desulfobulbus and Desulfovibrio, and cells were selectively isolated with group-specific, fluorescent in situ hybridization probes. Deltaproteobacteria were targeted to better understand their increased abundance in periodontitis patients. The resulting oral Deltaproteobacteria genomes encoded several unique proteins that appear to function in survival in a host environment, including proteins similar to virulence factors of known human pathogens. Thus, it is likely that the oral Deltaproteobacteria are not just opportunistic community members of periodontitis sites but also have the potential to play a role in disease etiology. A second target was a low abundance community member belonging to the class Anaerolineae, within Chloroflexi subphylum I. This diverse group of organisms has only a few cultured isolates, and limited genomic information is available, making it difficult to discern their ecological significance. Genomic data suggest that oral Anaerolineae are anaerobic heterotrophs with an abundance of carbohydrate transport and metabolism genes. The presence of a unique phosphotransferase system and other genes necessary for N-acetylglucosamine metabolism suggests this organism grows by scavenging material from surrounding lysed bacterial cells. These single-cell genomic studies have provided insight into the ecological niches of two uncultured groups within the oral environment, revealed differences between environmental and host-associated organisms within this groups and provided possible gene targets for future studies. Ultimately, methods employed in these studies could be readily applied to gain information on other uncultured microbes from any environment.

Analysis and Management of Plaques on Intraoral Artificial Dental Materials

Author : Tingxi Wu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis and Management of Plaques on Intraoral Artificial Dental Materials by : Tingxi Wu

Download or read book Analysis and Management of Plaques on Intraoral Artificial Dental Materials written by Tingxi Wu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oral cavity contains diverse microorganisms including bacteria and fungi. These microbes are able to colonize on natural surfaces, including tooth and mucosa, as well as artificial surfaces, such as surfaces of denture, implants, and orthodontic braces. The microbial colonization and formation of biofilms on these biotic and abiotic surfaces may lead to local and systemic diseases such as caries, white spot lesion, gingivitis, halitosis, and denture stomatitis. However, microbial study related to intraoral artificial surfaces has drawn little attention in comparison to microbial study on natural oral surfaces. While I learned my microbiology and molecular biology experimental skills through studying a dental caries related pathogen, Streptococcus mutans, my mian research projects have been focusing on studying plaque on the artificial surfaces and their associations with dental diseases with denture and orthodontic brackets as model systems. In order to study the mechanisms behind these artificial surface plaque associated oral infectious diseases, one would need to first characterize microbial compostion of these plaques as well as establish effective study models, then study the dynamic interactions between different pathogenic species within these plaques. Through understanding the molecular components involved in plaque formation and inter-species interactions, we may develop the tools to manage these diseases. My thesis consists of three parts: Part I describes my initial work of learning microbiology and molecular biology technologies to discover and characterize a novel membrane associated protein (PrsA) in the major cariogenic pathogen, Streptococcus mutans, which is important for cellular aggregation and biofilm formation. In Part II, I applied the molecular biology tools to address clinic relevant issues with a focus on denture related oral microbial diseases, including characterization of the denture associated oral microbiome under healthy and diseased conditions and investigation of the molecular mechanism behind the potential pathogens associated with denture-associated microbial diseases. Part III covers my ongoing studies on orthodontic related oral microbial diseases after I joined orthodontic residency program. In this part, we established a clinical-relevant high-thoughput screening assay to discover compounds that could block orthodontic bracket induced plaque formation, then formulate these biofilm-inhibitory compounds into a toothpaste for the prevention of bracket-induced plaque formation. The clinical efficacy of the toothpaste is being tested now. I also have another ongoing project to characterize the dynamic change of oral microbiomes in orthodontic patients before, during, after orthodontic treatments.

Saliva and Oral Microbiota: From Physiology to Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications

Author : Andrea Santarelli
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889664953
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Saliva and Oral Microbiota: From Physiology to Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications by : Andrea Santarelli

Download or read book Saliva and Oral Microbiota: From Physiology to Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications written by Andrea Santarelli and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-02-22 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Comparing Salivary and Plaque Microbiomes in Fixed Vs Removable Orthodontic Treatment

Author : Arvin Pal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 55 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Comparing Salivary and Plaque Microbiomes in Fixed Vs Removable Orthodontic Treatment by : Arvin Pal

Download or read book Comparing Salivary and Plaque Microbiomes in Fixed Vs Removable Orthodontic Treatment written by Arvin Pal and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BackgroundToday, we know that the oral microbiome is the second most abundant microbiome in the human body, after the gastrointestinal tract, and comprises a delicate ecosystem which consists of hundreds of different predominantly commensal but also pathogenic bacteria 2. The average adult can harbor as many as 100 billion bacteria in their mouth, and the accessibility of the oral cavity makes this massive microbiome uniquely convenient for scientific investigation. The most common pathologies associated with oral microorganisms are dental caries and periodontal disease. Numerous studies have shown common microbial shifts associated with oral disease, but it is not clearly exactly which bacteria are involved in these shifts, especially in patients with orthodontic appliances. ObjectiveIn this study, we analyze the salivary microbiome of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment using either traditional metal braces or removable clear aligners. The salivary microbiome of these patients is compared to the respective microbiomes found in the tooth-associated plaque above the gingival margin, as well as the plaque found on the clear aligner trays themselves, throughout the first 12 months of orthodontic treatment. Clinical data, such as plaque levels and gingival health, are also compared with changes in salivary microbial composition throughout treatment, in order to identify a potential relationship between microbial composition and oral health during orthodontic treatment. MethodsClinical data, saliva, and plaque samples were collected at the following orthodontic treatment timepoints for both clear aligner and fixed appliance patients: 0 months, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Plaque levels were quantified using Turesky et al. Modified Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (PI), and 36; 37 gingival health was measured using the L e and Silness Gingival Index (GI) 38. Next generation sequencing of the V1 to V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene from DNA extracted from the saliva and plaque samples and microbial community analysis was performed. Standard microbial community data analysis was performed with bioinformatic protocols. ResultsThe average age of the fixed appliance group (23.0 13.6 years) was lower than the average age of the clear aligner group (30.9 12.3 years), but the difference was not significant (p = 0.201). Plaque and gingival index scores are significantly (p

Microbiota of the Human Body

Author : Andreas Schwiertz
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319312480
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbiota of the Human Body by : Andreas Schwiertz

Download or read book Microbiota of the Human Body written by Andreas Schwiertz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-09 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbes can now be found in nearly every niche the human body offers. However, the complexity of the microbiota of a given site depends on the particular environmental condition thereof. Only microbes which are able to grow under these conditions, will prevail. Recent publications imply that the microorganisms do not only have multiple, critical consequences for host physiological processes such as postnatal development, immunomodulation and energy supply, but also effects on neurodevelopment, behavior and cognition. Within this book we will focus on the techniques behind these developments, epigenomics and on the various parts of the human body which are inhabited by microorganism such as the mouth, the gut, the skin and the vagina. In addition, chapters are dedicated to the possible manipulations of the microbiota by probiotics, prebiotics and faecal transplantation.