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Author : Christine Ann Polansky
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (212 download)
Download or read book Characterization of Supported Cobalt Catalysts for CO Hydrogenation written by Christine Ann Polansky and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : William Jefferson Boone
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 850 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)
Download or read book Synthetic Liquid Fuels from Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide written by William Jefferson Boone and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (921 download)
Download or read book Characteristics and Catalytic Properties of Alumina-silica Bimodal Pore Supported Cobalt Catalyst for Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the present study, differences in characteristics and catalytic activity towards CO hydrogenation of Co catalysts dispersed on alumina-silica bimodal pore supports were investigated. The various amounts of alumina were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method, then calcined them in air. Then, consequently impregnated with the cobalt precursors. After calcination, the various samples were characterized using N[subscript 2] physisorption, XRD, SEM/EDX, TEM, TPR and H[subscript 2] chemisorption. CO hydrogenation (H[subscript 2]/CO = 10/1) was also performed to determine the overall activity and selectivity. It revealed that the size of Co oxide species depends on the amount of alumina in support and type of Co precursor. A wide range of variables including particle size, support interaction, and the alumina content can affect the kinetics of reduction. It was found that for the alumina-silica bimodal pore catalyst, the catalyst dispersed on the high alumina content support exhibited high activities due to high reducibility. With use of cobalt nitrate as Co precursor exhibited highest activities. The use of cobalt chloride as Co precursor exhibited lowest activities due to decrease in cobalt dispersion.
Author : Bert M. Weckhuysen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781588830265
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (32 download)
Download or read book In-situ Spectroscopy of Catalysts written by Bert M. Weckhuysen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weckhuysen (inorganic chemistry and catalysis, Utrecht University, The Netherlands) covers a range of analytical techniques for investigating the active site and the related reaction mechanism in a working catalyst, offering an overview of the possibilities and limitations of these analytical techniques and covering the latest developments in the field. Techniques are divided into sections on in situ vibrational spectroscopy, in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, in situ magnetic resonance techniques, and other in situ characterization techniques. The book is for chemists and chemical engineers. Annotation :2005 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Author : Shih-yi Lin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (822 download)
Download or read book Characterization of Cobalt Based Catalysts for Ethanol Steam Reforming written by Shih-yi Lin and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789741744244
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (442 download)
Download or read book Influence of Cobalt Precursors on the Characteristics and Catalytic Properties of MCM-41 Supported Cobalt Catalysts for Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Co/MCM-41 catalysts were prepared using the incipient wetness impregnation technique with aqueous solutions of different cobalt compounds such as cobalt nitrate, cobalt chloride, cobalt acetate, and cobalt acetylacetonate. MCM-41 is known to have a restricted pore structure; however, using organic precursors such as cobalt acetate and cobalt acetylacetonate resulted in very small cobalt oxide particles that could not be detected by XRD even for a Co loading as high as 8 wt%. These Co particles were small enough to fit into the pores of MCM-41. However, they were found to chemisorb H2 and CO in only relatively small amounts and to have low activities for CO hydrogenation probably due to the formation of cobalt silicates. Use of cobalt chloride resulted in very large cobalt particles/clusters and/or residual Cl- blocking active sites, consequently very small active surface area was measurable. Use of cobalt nitrate resulted in a number of small cobalt particles dispersed throughout MCM-41 and some larger particles located on the external surface of MCM-41. Cobalt nitrate appeared to be the best precursor for preparing high activity MCM-41-supported Co FTS catalysts. Furthermore, the metal-support interaction in supported Co Fischer-Tropsch catalysts depends strongly on the metal particle size and pore size of the supports. The properties of Co/MCM-41 catalysts prepared from different Co precursors were then compared to high surface area amorphous Co/SiO2 catalysts with similar support pore size. High surface area SiO2 showed similar metal-support interaction to MCM-41-supported catalysts as shown by similar TPR profiles. High activities for Co/MCM-41 catalysts were due primarily to higher Co dispersion in mesoporous structure of MCM-41 than in amorphous SiO2. Using organic cobalt precursors such as cobalt acetate and cobalt acetylacetonate and narrow pore supports resulted in very small cobalt particles deposited in the pores, leading to stronger metal-support interaction. The results suggest that there is a need for a balance between dispersion-enhancing, metal-support interaction and loss of metallic Co due to metal-support compound formation in order to obtain high activity supported Co catalysts.
Author : Richard J. C. Osbaldiston
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)
Download or read book Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Carbon Supported Cobalt Catalysts written by Richard J. C. Osbaldiston and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Wilson D. Shafer
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 303928388X
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)
Download or read book Iron and Cobalt Catalysts written by Wilson D. Shafer and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-06-23 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the turn of the last century when the field of catalysis was born, iron and cobalt have been key players in numerous catalysis processes. These metals, due to their ability to activate CO and CH, haev a major economic impact worldwide. Several industrial processes and synthetic routes use these metals: biomass-to-liquids (BTL), coal-to-liquids (CTL), natural gas-to-liquids (GTL), water-gas-shift, alcohol synthesis, alcohol steam reforming, polymerization processes, cross-coupling reactions, and photocatalyst activated reactions. A vast number of materials are produced from these processes, including oil, lubricants, waxes, diesel and jet fuels, hydrogen (e.g., fuel cell applications), gasoline, rubbers, plastics, alcohols, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, feed-stock chemicals, and other alternative materials. However, given the true complexities of the variables involved in these processes, many key mechanistic issues are still not fully defined or understood. This Special Issue of Catalysis will be a collaborative effort to combine current catalysis research on these metals from experimental and theoretical perspectives on both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. We welcome contributions from the catalysis community on catalyst characterization, kinetics, reaction mechanism, reactor development, theoretical modeling, and surface science.
Author : Sheau-Sheng Chen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (142 download)
Download or read book The Influence of Metal-support Interactions on the Selectivities of Cobalt Catalysts for Co Hydrogenation written by Sheau-Sheng Chen and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : B. Eliasson
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080553036
Total Pages : 1225 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies written by B. Eliasson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-05-20 with total page 1225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings contain 270 papers outlining ideas and contributions to the new scientific, technical and political discipline of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Control. The contributions were presented at the 4th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-4). It was the largest gathering of experts active in this new and fast-developing field.GHGT-4 was different from its predecessors in that it included all greenhouse gases, not only CO2, and all issues which could contribute to the mitigation of the greenhouse problem - technical, economic and political. The main focus was on practical solutions and real demonstrations of mitigation technology being planned and implemented today. It also addressed ways to increase the efficiency of power production and utilisation, and looked at proposals to encourage the development of renewable energy sources.During the Opening Session, 10 keynote addresses were heard from prominent personalities in government, industry and academia. To tackle this very inter-disciplinary problem and to achieve acceptable solutions, it is essential for industry and government to initiate intense dialogue and cooperation. Conferences like this can provide the opportunity for a meeting of minds between engineers and politicians in the face of global challenge. The primary attributes of this global challenge are manifold: the problem is global and international; it is inter-disciplinary, both in substance and approach; it covers technical, political and economic issues and involves government, science, industry and academia; it is complex and non-linear; and it will take the efforts of all parties involved to solve the problem.These proceedings contain ideas for starting demonstration projects and for making better use of the power and flexibility of market measures. They also show it is a problem we can influence and that there is a wealth of ideas. The challenge now is to find the right partners to put these ideas into action.
Author : Annemie Bogaerts
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3038977500
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (389 download)
Download or read book Plasma Catalysis written by Annemie Bogaerts and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various gas conversion applications, such as CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals and fuels, N2 fixation for the synthesis of NH3 or NOx, methane conversion into higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates. It is also widely used for air pollution control (e.g., VOC remediation). Plasma catalysis allows thermodynamically difficult reactions to proceed at ambient pressure and temperature, due to activation of the gas molecules by energetic electrons created in the plasma. However, plasma is very reactive but not selective, and thus a catalyst is needed to improve the selectivity. In spite of the growing interest in plasma catalysis, the underlying mechanisms of the (possible) synergy between plasma and catalyst are not yet fully understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is quite complicated, as the plasma will affect the catalyst and vice versa. Moreover, due to the reactive plasma environment, the most suitable catalysts will probably be different from thermal catalysts. More research is needed to better understand the plasma–catalyst interactions, in order to further improve the applications.
Author : Pornrawee Somkua
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (987 download)
Download or read book CO2 Hydrogenation Over Basic Oxide-modified AJ203 Supported Cobalt Catalysts written by Pornrawee Somkua and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic oxides including MgO, CaO and La2O3 oxides were used to modify the properties of Al2O3 supported cobalt catalysts (15 wt% Co) in this study. The catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method of cobalt precursor onto the alumina supports. The catalysts were characterized by several techniques including XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR and H2-chemisorption. It was found that the reduction behaviors of cobalt species on the alumina supports were altered by the basic oxide modification. The TPR results showed that the addition of MgAl and La promoters could suppress the strong interaction between cobalt metal and the alumina support leading to the improvement of reducibility of the cobalt catalysts hence higher catalytic activity in CO2 hydrogenation were obtained. However, the addition of excessive amount of Mg with high calcination temperature of the magnesium modified alumina support brought about the formation of magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4), which resulted in lower reducibility and lower catalytic activity in the CO2 hydrogenation.
Author : Alexandre Antônio Bento Carvalho
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)
Download or read book Investigation of Intrinsic Activity of Cobalt and Iron Based Fischer-Tropsch Catalysts Using Transient Kinetic Methods written by Alexandre Antônio Bento Carvalho and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work exposed in this manuscript concerns the study of the intrinsic activity and localization of active sites in cobalt and iron based catalysts using a combination of transient kinetic methods such as SSITKA, extended physicochemical characterization and catalytic tests under quasi steady state conditions. Promotion of iron catalysts with metals used for soldering (Bi and Pb) results a remarkable increase in the light olefin production rate with the possibility to conduct Fischer-Tropsch synthesis at very mild reaction conditions (low pressure) and even at atmospheric pressure. Transient kinetic experiments showed facilitation of CO dissociation in the presence of promoters by scavenging O atoms from iron carbide. Cobalt catalyst supported by mordenite zeolite presented higher value of SSITKA rate constant. Localization of cobalt active sites in bifunctional cobalt-zeolite catalysts has a major impact on the reaction rate and in particular on the hydrocarbon selectivity. A proximity between the cobalt active site and Bronsted active sites was found to be a key parameter to obtain higher selectivity and yield of isomerized hydrocarbons. SSITKA combined with catalyst characterization revealed that carbon deposition and cobalt nanoparticle agglomeration were responsible for the deactivation of silica supported cobalt catalysts. Catalyst rejuvenation in hydrogen lessened the amounts of deposited carbon species and partially released the most active sites of carbon monoxide dissociative adsorption and stronger sites of carbon monoxide reversible adsorption.
Author : G. Henrici-Olive
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642696627
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)
Download or read book The Chemistry of the Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide written by G. Henrici-Olive and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the oil embargo, in the winter 1973174, parts of Western Europe present ed an almost war-like aspect on Saturdays and Sundays: no traffic on the high ways, no crowds at ski resorts and other weekend entertainment places, no gaso line at the pumps. Living and teaching then in that part of the world, and discussing the situa tion with our students, we came to the conclusion that it would be timely to col lect the fine chemistry already known at the time in the field of conversion of coal to gasoline and other chemicals, and by this way help to draw the attention to this important alternative to crude oil. The idea of this book was born. The energy shock of the early seventies has been healthy and of great conse quences in chemistry. Large amounts of research money have been put to work since, and our knowledge of the possibilities and limitations of coal-based chemistry has increased enormously. During several years it appeared inap propriate to write a monograph about a topic which was in the midst of such an impetuous development. Nevertheless, we collected, and critically selected, the upcoming work as it appeared in the literature, and also tried to provide some modest input ourselves. Now, ten years later, the situation seems to be settled to a certain degree.
Author : Nur Hayati Zulkefli
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)
Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Cobalt Based and Zinc Promoted Catalyst Fro Fisher Tropsch Synthesis written by Nur Hayati Zulkefli and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research is to compare the characterization of SBA-15 and TiO2 supported cobalt catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis based on effect of cobalt loading. In order to complete this research, the catalyst must be prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. The catalysts were prepared with different cobalt loading, which are 5%, 10% and 15% and using zinc as a promoter. To characterize these catalysts, different methods were used. First of all, characterization of SBA-15 and TiO2 were compared by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Then the catalysts were tested using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Through this characterization, the surface of catalysts was compared. The surface structure of Co/SBA-15 is more ordered when compared to Co/TiO2 catalyst. This is compared by the SEM image taken. Therefore, Co/TiO2 is also a good catalyst with advantages when compared to Co/SBA-15 catalyst. The conclusion of this research when comparing the characterization of Co/SBA-15 and TiO2 catalysts, is Co/SBA-15 catalyst is a good catalyst when compared to Co/TiO2 catalyst.
Author : Dawid Jakobus Duvenhage
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (775 download)
Download or read book The Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Titania Supported Iron written by Dawid Jakobus Duvenhage and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Motahare Athariboroujeny
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (116 download)
Download or read book Elucidating the CO Hydrogenation Mechanism Over Cobalt Based Catalysts Using Chemical Transient Kinetics written by Motahare Athariboroujeny and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents research performed to advance the fundamental knowledge of the mechanism of the catalytic CO hydrogenation according to the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Despite extensive studies on the reaction mechanism, a detailed understanding of the relevant steps is still lacking. Quantitative Chemical Transient Kinetics (CTK) informs us of how the reaction proceeds while the catalytically active phase is being built up. Among the proposed mechanisms, C-C coupling and CO-insertion remain the two main suggested mechanisms. The present work scrutinizes which of these suggestions are compatible with the CTK evidence.We illustrate the importance of surface coverage and support effects. Important mechanistic information is obtained from delay time analysis of the products relative to that of the reactants, provided by CTK. We show that the activated Co/MnOx surface does not provide metallic sites under steady-state conditions. A CO-insertion mechanism occurs at high coverages, while at lower coverages C-C coupling between CHx species can occur. The chemical nature along with the surface coverages yet depend on the H2/CO ratio. For low such ratios, the CO-insertion mechanism dominates, involving formate-derived surface species. Specifically, CO hydrogenation towards methane at different H2/CO ratios shows that two mechanisms co-exist; hydrogenation of formate species when the surface is covered and CHx hydrogenation when the surface still provides metallic sites. Microscopy (TEM) and spectroscopy (XPS) analyses support the CTK conclusions. Some carbon can penetrate the Co surface and induce cobalt carbide formation. We performed CTK analyses with pure Co and Co/TiOx, for comparison purposes. The catalytically active surface is shown to be different for these catalysts. We also compare CTK results of the CO hydrogenation with those of methyl formate (MF) hydrogenation. MF is selected as it contains a formate group and forms methoxy during dissociative adsorption on the surface. Such methoxy species are claimed to be important during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. CTK studies of the support influence are particularly revealing for Co/SiO2 catalysts. Different from all other catalysts addressed here, the surface coverages over Co/SiO2 do not exceed one monolayer capacity. The impact of this finding regarding the reaction mechanism is still to be explored in future work.
