Characterization Of Ng2 Macrophage In Glaucoma

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Characterization of Ng2 Macrophage in Glaucoma

Author : Qian Feng
Publisher : Open Dissertation Press
ISBN 13 : 9781361337943
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of Ng2 Macrophage in Glaucoma by : Qian Feng

Download or read book Characterization of Ng2 Macrophage in Glaucoma written by Qian Feng and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Characterization of NG2 Macrophage in Glaucoma: an Investigation Focusing on Its Origin and Potential Roles in Ischemic Retina" by Qian, Feng, 馮茜, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Macrophage manipulation as immunomodulatory intervention in glaucoma, a leading cause to blindness characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, has been proposed as a promising strategy to protect RGCs from dying. Three types of macrophage in damaged retinas, microglia-derived macrophage, monocyte-derived macrophage and perivascular macrophage, together consist a highly heterogeneous population with both beneficial and detrimental functions partly resulted from their distinct origins. NG2 (Nerve/glial antigen 2) positive macrophage, a subtype of macrophage, has been considered to fulfill specific functions with neuroprotective and neurogenic potentials. Whether NG2+ macrophage can be a possible target for treatment in glaucoma is unknown. Basic information of this subtype of macrophage in ischemic retinas of a mouse glaucomatous model called acute ocular hypertension (AOH) model was obtained in this study to answer three questions. First, do NG2+ macrophage exist in mouse retina, if so, what do they like? In normal mouse retinas, NG2+ macrophage did not exist. After AOH, NG2 could be induced on macrophage. And they are unevenly distributed in the whole retina while reside in the ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer or inner nuclear layer. Moreover, NG2+ macrophage all contained two nuclei with typical amoeboid-like morphologies of macrophage in activation state except the rounded type. Secondly, are they associated with the surrounding cells, if so, how? Close association of RGCs and Muller cells with NG2+ macrophage was found due to their co-localization. To know how they functioned, potential roles regarding its proliferating and phagocytic abilities were revealed by its co-localization with proliferating and phagocytic markers. However, unlike NG2+ macrophage in ischemic brain, NG2+ macrophage in ischemic retina did not express neurotrophic factors while some of them were found to express interlukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Possible neurogenic potential was also observed by its co-localization with Nestin, a neural stem cell marker. Thirdly, where do they come from? To know their origins, bone marrow chimeras combined with specific markers were used to distinguish microglia-derived macrophage, monocyte-derived macrophage and perivascular macrophage. And it was found that majority of NG2+ macrophage was originated from resident microglia, rather than monocyte-derived macrophage or perivascular macrophage. Taken together, the present study showed the basic profile of a subtype of macrophage in a mouse model of glaucoma, more accurately, NG2+ macrophage in AOH mouse retinas. NG2 expression was induced mostly in resident microglia in AOH retina as a proliferating population with phagocytic, anti-inflammatory functions, and possible neurogenic potentials. Therefore, NG2+ macrophage may be a potential candidate target for treatment of glaucoma. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5185941 Subjects: Glaucoma Macrophages

Characterization of NG2+ Macrophage in Glaucoma

Author : 馮茜
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of NG2+ Macrophage in Glaucoma by : 馮茜

Download or read book Characterization of NG2+ Macrophage in Glaucoma written by 馮茜 and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Mystery of Glaucoma

Author : Tomaš Kubena
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789535164708
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (647 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mystery of Glaucoma by : Tomaš Kubena

Download or read book The Mystery of Glaucoma written by Tomaš Kubena and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since long ago scientists have been trying hard to show up the core of glaucoma. To its understanding we needed to penetrate gradually to its molecular level. The newest pieces of knowledge about the molecular biology of glaucoma are presented in the first section. The second section deals with the clinical problems of glaucoma. Ophthalmologists and other medical staff may find here more important understandings for doing their work. What would our investigation be for, if not owing to the people's benefit? The third section is full of new perspectives on glaucoma. After all, everybody believes and relies - more or less - on bits of hopes of a better future. Just let us engage in the mystery of glaucoma, to learn how to cure it even to prevent suffering from it. Each information in this book is an item of great importance as a precious stone behind which genuine, through and honest piece of work should be observed.

Glaucoma

Author : Tatjana C. Jakobs
Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 9781493984763
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (847 download)

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Book Synopsis Glaucoma by : Tatjana C. Jakobs

Download or read book Glaucoma written by Tatjana C. Jakobs and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed volume introduces the reader to current methods in glaucoma research, in particular those that make use of animal disease models. Given that the retinal ganglion cells damaged and destroyed by glaucoma do not regenerate after lowering the intraocular pressure, new therapeutic approaches that protect ganglion cells directly is a vital research goal that this volume’s contents aim to aid scientists in developing. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Glaucoma: Methods and Protocols serves as a useful guide for both ophthalmologists in clinical practice and researchers in the field.

Surgical Retina

Author : Francesco Bandello
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 331802158X
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Surgical Retina by : Francesco Bandello

Download or read book Surgical Retina written by Francesco Bandello and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An update on the essentials of retina surgery In the new book series ESASO Course Series', the essentials of the courses of the European School for Advanced Studies in Ophthalmology (ESASO) are made available to interested ophthalmologists, optometrists, technicians and residents all over the world. In this volume, the seminars on surgical retina presented by renowned experts during ESASO's activities are collected. Many specialists have contributed their knowledge to make this volume a device to give practical support. The topics range from prevention to state-of-the-art diagnostic techniques and the latest surgical treatment options for many eye conditions such as diabetic retinopathy and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. This publication provides the ophthalmologist with the main aspects of surgical retina in a simple and practical update.

Astrocytes in (Patho)Physiology of the Nervous System

Author : Vladimir Parpura
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387794921
Total Pages : 701 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Astrocytes in (Patho)Physiology of the Nervous System by : Vladimir Parpura

Download or read book Astrocytes in (Patho)Physiology of the Nervous System written by Vladimir Parpura and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-11 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astrocytes were the original neuroglia that Ramón y Cajal visualized in 1913 using a gold sublimate stain. This stain targeted intermediate filaments that we now know consist mainly of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a protein used today as an astrocytic marker. Cajal described the morphological diversity of these cells with some ast- cytes surrounding neurons, while the others are intimately associated with vasculature. We start the book by discussing the heterogeneity of astrocytes using contemporary tools and by calling into question the assumption by classical neuroscience that neurons and glia are derived from distinct pools of progenitor cells. Astrocytes have long been neglected as active participants in intercellular communication and information processing in the central nervous system, in part due to their lack of electrical excitability. The follow up chapters review the “nuts and bolts” of ast- cytic physiology; astrocytes possess a diverse assortment of ion channels, neu- transmitter receptors, and transport mechanisms that enable the astrocytes to respond to many of the same signals that act on neurons. Since astrocytes can detect chemical transmitters that are released from neurons and can release their own extracellular signals there is an increasing awareness that they play physiological roles in regulating neuronal activity and synaptic transmission. In addition to these physiological roles, it is becoming increasingly recognized that astrocytes play critical roles during pathophysiological states of the nervous system; these states include gliomas, Alexander disease, and epilepsy to mention a few.

Glial ⇔ Neuronal Signaling

Author : Glenn I. Hatton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402079368
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (793 download)

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Book Synopsis Glial ⇔ Neuronal Signaling by : Glenn I. Hatton

Download or read book Glial ⇔ Neuronal Signaling written by Glenn I. Hatton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-05-31 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glial Neuronal Signaling fills a need for a monograph/textbook to be used in advanced courses or graduate seminars aimed at exploring glial-neuronal interactions. Even experts in the field will find useful the authoritative summaries of evidence on ion channels and transporters in glia, genes involved in signaling during development, metabolic cross talk and cooperation between astrocytes and neurons, to mention but a few of the timely summaries of a wide range of glial-neuronal interactions. The chapters are written by the top researchers in the field of glial-neuronal signaling, and cover the most current advances in this field. The book will also be of value to the workers in the field of cell biology in general. When we think about the brain we usually think about neurons. Although there are 100 billion neurons in mammalian brain, these cells do not constitute a majority. Quite the contrary, glial cells and other non-neuronal cells are 10-50 times more numerous than neurons. This book is meant to integrate the emerging body of information that has been accumulating, revealing the interactive nature of the brain's two major neural cell types, neurons and glia, in brain function.

Ocular Neuroprotection

Author : Leonard A. Levin
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203911946
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Ocular Neuroprotection by : Leonard A. Levin

Download or read book Ocular Neuroprotection written by Leonard A. Levin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-07-15 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many retinal and optic nerve disorders have no effective therapy, or are treated incompletely and with considerable side effects. Recent advances have suggested the significant benefits associated with neuroprotection - that is, when treatment strategies are directed to photoreceptors, retinal ganglion cells, or other neural targets. Enter Ocular N

Pericyte Biology in Different Organs

Author : Alexander Birbrair
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030110931
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Pericyte Biology in Different Organs by : Alexander Birbrair

Download or read book Pericyte Biology in Different Organs written by Alexander Birbrair and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book is an attempt to describe the most recent developments in the area of pericyte biology which is one of the emergent hot topics in the field of molecular and cellular biology today. Here, we present a selected collection of thirteen detailed chapters on what we know so far about pericytes in distinct organs in physiological and pathological conditions. Further, it provides an update on the most novel functions attributed to these cells and will introduce a newer generation of researchers and scientists to the importance of these cells, ranging from their discovery in different organs through current state-of-the-science. It will be invaluable for both advanced cell biology students as well as researchers in cell biology, stem cells and vascular research. This volume explores pericytes' physiologic roles in different tissues, ranging from the pancreas, lungs and liver through skeletal muscle, gut, retina and more. Together with its companion volumes Pericyte Biology in Disease and Pericyte Biology – Novel Concepts, Pericyte Biology in Different Organs presents a comprehensive update on the latest information and most novel functions attributed to pericytes. To those researchers newer to this area, it will be useful to have the background information on these cells' unique history. It will be invaluable for both advanced cell biology students as well as researchers in cell biology, stem cells and researchers or clinicians involved with specific organs.

Ischemic Optic Neuropathies

Author : Sohan Singh Hayreh
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642118526
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Ischemic Optic Neuropathies by : Sohan Singh Hayreh

Download or read book Ischemic Optic Neuropathies written by Sohan Singh Hayreh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-28 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ischemic optic neuropathy, often referred to as a stroke of the optic nerve, is one of the major causes of visual impairment or loss of vision. Yet it is a highly controversial and confusing subject because of the general lack of in-depth scientific understanding of the subject. In this book the leading authority in the field describes in detail the current knowledge about the different forms of the often devastating disease. Insights into the underlying pathogenesis and peculiar clinical features are given, leading the reader to the most appropriate way of management. This information will help any physician dealing with patients who suffer from sudden loss of vision.

Nanomaterials for Regenerative Medicine

Author : Ayse Begum Tekinay
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303031202X
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanomaterials for Regenerative Medicine by : Ayse Begum Tekinay

Download or read book Nanomaterials for Regenerative Medicine written by Ayse Begum Tekinay and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-13 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers a broad range of therapeutic applications of nanomaterials that are used for regenerative medicine applications, including neural regeneration, cartilage regeneration, wound healing, dental regeneration and implants, and immunomodulation. Chapters are contributed by leading experts in the field and cover concepts for developing materials for medicine as well as requirements for potential clinical uses. Nanomaterials for Regenerative Medicine also provides the requirements for the design of optimal nanomaterials for regenerative medicine and covers the most recent approaches in nanomaterial design. It is ideal for graduate students and researchers in chemistry, biology, materials science, medicine, and life sciences.

Engineering Polymer Systems for Improved Drug Delivery

Author : Rebecca A. Bader
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118747801
Total Pages : 395 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (187 download)

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Book Synopsis Engineering Polymer Systems for Improved Drug Delivery by : Rebecca A. Bader

Download or read book Engineering Polymer Systems for Improved Drug Delivery written by Rebecca A. Bader and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-01-17 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers have played a critical role in the rational design and application of drug delivery systems that increase the efficacy and reduce the toxicity of new and conventional therapeutics. Beginning with an introduction to the fundamentals of drug delivery, Engineering Polymer Systems for Improved Drug Delivery explores traditional drug delivery techniques as well as emerging advanced drug delivery techniques. By reviewing many types of polymeric drug delivery systems, and including key points, worked examples and homework problems, this book will serve as a guide to for specialists and non-specialists as well as a graduate level text for drug delivery courses.

The Blood-Brain and Other Neural Barriers

Author : Sukriti Nag
Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 9781607619376
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis The Blood-Brain and Other Neural Barriers by : Sukriti Nag

Download or read book The Blood-Brain and Other Neural Barriers written by Sukriti Nag and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2010-11-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolving technologies starting with tracer studies, and more recently with genomics and proteomics, have provided novel information about the molecular properties of cerebral endothelium and astrocytes; however, further studies must be done in animal models of neurological diseases and in humans to get a clearer understanding of the pathogenesis of blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in nervous system diseases. In The Blood-Brain and Other Neural Barriers: Reviews and Protocols, experts in the field present a series of cutting-edge protocols which can be used to study the barriers. Opening with detailed information on components of the neurovascular unit as well as the blood-cerebrospinal, blood-retinal, and blood-nerve barriers, the book continues with meticulous techniques to image the barriers in humans and experimental animals, followed by cutting-edge molecular techniques to study the BBB and novel models to study the barriers, and it concludes with techniques for the delivery of therapeutic agents across the BBB. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, protocol chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, The Blood-Brain and Other Neural Barriers: Reviews and Protocols will aid the research efforts of not only graduate students but also more experienced investigators and support future studies of these vital systems.

Epigenetics and Metabolomics

Author : Paban K. Agrawala
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323856535
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Epigenetics and Metabolomics by : Paban K. Agrawala

Download or read book Epigenetics and Metabolomics written by Paban K. Agrawala and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics and Metabolomics, a new volume in the Translational Epigenetics series, offers a synthesized discussion of epigenetic control of metabolic activity, and systems-based approaches for better understanding these mechanisms. Over a dozen chapter authors provide an overview of epigenetics in translational medicine and metabolomics techniques, followed by analyses of epigenetic and metabolomic linkage mechanisms likely to result in effective identification of disease biomarkers, as well as new therapies targeting the removal of the inappropriate epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic interventions in cancer, brain damage, and neuroendocrine disease, among other disorders, are discussed in-depth, with an emphasis on exploring next steps for clinical translation and personalized healthcare. Offers a synthesized discussion of epigenetic regulation of metabolic activity and systems-based approaches to power new research Discusses epigenetic control of metabolic pathways and possible therapeutic targets for cancer, neurodegenerative, and neuroendocrine diseases, among others Provides guidance in epigenomics and metabolomic research methodology

Genetic Mutations Associated with Ocular Diseases

Author : Minzhong Yu
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889743284
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Genetic Mutations Associated with Ocular Diseases by : Minzhong Yu

Download or read book Genetic Mutations Associated with Ocular Diseases written by Minzhong Yu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-04 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Biology and Engineering of Stem Cell Niches

Author : Ajaykumar Vishwakarma
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128027568
Total Pages : 644 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Biology and Engineering of Stem Cell Niches by : Ajaykumar Vishwakarma

Download or read book Biology and Engineering of Stem Cell Niches written by Ajaykumar Vishwakarma and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-03-22 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology and Engineering of Stem Cell Niches covers a wide spectrum of research and current knowledge on embryonic and adult stem cell niches, focusing on the understanding of stem cell niche molecules and signaling mechanisms, including cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions. The book comprehensively reviews factors regulating stem cell behavior and the corresponding approaches for understanding the subsequent effect of providing the proper matrix molecules, mechanical cues, and/or chemical cues. It encompasses a variety of tools and techniques for developing biomaterials-based methods to model synthetic stem cell niches in vivo, or to enhance and direct stem cell fate in vitro. A final section of the book discusses stem cell niche bioengineering strategies and current advances in each tissue type. Includes the importance of Cell-Cell and Cell Matrix Interactions in each specific tissue and system Authored and edited by authorities in this emerging and multidisciplinary field Includes valuable links to 5-10 minute YouTube© author videos that describe main points

Recent Advances in the Biology, Therapy and Management of Melanoma

Author : Lester Davids
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535109766
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Recent Advances in the Biology, Therapy and Management of Melanoma by : Lester Davids

Download or read book Recent Advances in the Biology, Therapy and Management of Melanoma written by Lester Davids and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-02-13 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book Recent Advances in the Biology, Therapy and Management of Melanoma brings up-to-date information regarding a number of aspects which culminate in illuminating potential targets in the fight against melanoma. This book is intended to be a reference book for both the scientific and clinical communities and brings complicated subject matter together in an easy, readable way. Undoubtedly fundamental scientific understanding has to then be translated to the clinic in order for us to make significant strides in eradicating melanoma. It is hoped that scientists, clinicians, students and residents find this book useful in their studies on melanoma and that it not only expands their perspectives and views on the field, but challenges them to forge ahead towards discovering the ultimate cure.