Characterization Of Dental Pulp Stem Cells And Their Potential Clinical Applications

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Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Their Potential Clinical Applications

Author : Kajohnkiart Janebodin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (876 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Their Potential Clinical Applications by : Kajohnkiart Janebodin

Download or read book Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Their Potential Clinical Applications written by Kajohnkiart Janebodin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were first isolated and characterized from human teeth and most studies have focused on using human DPSCs for dentin regeneration. However, mouse DPSCs have not been well characterized and their origin(s) have not yet been elucidated. I examined if murine DPSCs are neural crest derived and determined their in vitro and in vivo capacity. DPSCs from neonatal mice expressed embryonic stem cell and neural crest genes, but lacked expression of mesodermal genes. Cells isolated from the Wnt1-Cre/R26R-LacZ mouse, a reporter of neural crest-derived tissues, indicated that DPSCs were Wnt1-marked and therefore of neural crest origin. Clonal DPSCs showed multi-differentiation in neural crest lineage for odontoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, neurons, and smooth muscles. In vivo subcutaneous transplantation with hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate, based on tissue/cell morphology and specific antibody staining, revealed that the clones differentiated into odontoblast-like cells and produced dentin/pulp-like structure. Conversely, femur-derived bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) gave rise to osteoblast-like cells and generated bone-like structure. Interestingly, the capillary distribution in the DPSC transplants showed close proximity to odontoblasts whereas in the BMSC transplants bone condensations were distant to capillaries resembling dentinogenesis in the former vs. osteogenesis in the latter. Loss of functional salivary gland causes patients' moribidities from difficulties in swallowing and speech, as well as oral diseases. Stem cell therapy is considered a potential therapeutic alternative. However, combinatory approaches including not only salivary gland stem cells but also supportive cells and appropriate extracellular matrix are necessary to form a functional salivary gland. Like tooth formation, the development of salivary gland requires epithelium interacting with neural crest-derived mesenchyme. I used the human salivary gland (HSG) cell line as a model to study the effects of DPSCs on salivary gland differentiation. In vitro differentiation on matrigel showed that HSG alone and HSG co-cultured with Wnt1-Cre/R26R-LacZ derived DPSCs (HSG+DPSC) differentiated into acinar-like structures. However, HSG formed more mature (higher expression of LAMP-1 and CD44), larger and increased numbers of acini in HSG+DPSC. Subcutaneous co-transplantation of HSG and DPSCs with hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels after 2 weeks was evaluated by Q-RT-PCR, morphology and immunohistology. Compared to HSG transplants which only showed undifferentiated tumor-like cells, HSG+DPSC demonstrated (1) higher expression of murine mesenchymal marker Fgf-7, (2) higher expression of mature human salivary gland differentiation marker alpha-amylase-1 (AMY-1), (3) higher expression of murine endothelial, vWF, neuronal, NF-200, and angiogenic markers, Vegfr-3 and Vegf-c, (4) mucin-secreting acinar- and duct-like structures with abundant blood vessels at the interface with DPSCs, and (5) more mature glandular structures double-positive for salivary gland differentiation markers CD44 and LAMP-1. These results indicate that DPSCs supported and enhanced HSG differentiation into functional salivary gland tissue. In addition, DPSCs have previously demonstrated potential pericyte-like topography and function. However, the mechanisms regulating their pericyte function are still yet to be elucidated. DPSC angiogenic and pericyte function were investigated Tie2-GFP derived dental pulp cells were negative for GFP driven by the endothelial Tie2 transgene, indicating an absence of endothelial cells. Endothelial cells co-cultured with DPSCs formed more mature in vitro tube-like structures as compared to those co-cultured with BMSCs. Many DPSCs were located adjacent to vascular tubes, suggesting a pericyte location and function. In vivo DPSCs subcutaneously transplanted in matrigel (MG) (DPSC-MG) induced more vessel formation than BMSC-MG. DPSCs expressed higher Vegfd, Vegfr3, EphrinB2 levels. Soluble Flt (sFlt), an angiogenic inhibitor that binds VEGF-A, significantly decreased the amount of blood vessels in DPSC-MG, but not in BMSC-MG. sFlt inhibited VEGFR2 and downstream ERK signaling and down-regulated Vegfa, Vegf receptors and EphrinB2 expression in DPSCs. Therefore, DPSC-induced angiogenesis is VEGF-dependent. DPSCs enhance angiogenesis by secreting VEGF-A, -C, -D and forming tight associations with vessels, resembling pericyte-like cells. Taken together, I demonstrate the existence of neural crest-derived DPSCs with differentiation capacity into cranial mesenchymal tissues and other neural crest-derived tissues. I also illustrate the potential of DPSCs as inductive mesenchyme for salivary gland regeneration, repair, and tissue engineering, and provide first insights into the mechanism(s) of DPSC angiogenic capacity and their function as pericytes. DPSCs hold promise as a stem cell source for regenerating neural crest derived tissues, and the trophic and angiogenic properties of DPSCs also highlight this stem cell source useful for tissue regeneration.

Dental Stem Cells: Regenerative Potential

Author : Barbara Zavan
Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 3319332996
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Dental Stem Cells: Regenerative Potential by : Barbara Zavan

Download or read book Dental Stem Cells: Regenerative Potential written by Barbara Zavan and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2016-07-25 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the basic aspects of dental stem cells (DSCs) as well as their clinical applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It opens with a discussion of classification, protocols, and properties of DSCs and proceeds to explore DSCs within the contexts of cryopreservation; epigenetics; pulp, periodontal, tooth, bone, and corneal stroma regeneration; neuronal properties, mesenchymal stem cells and biomaterials; and as sources of hepatocytes for liver disease treatment. The fifteen expertly authored chapters comprehensively examine possible applications of DSCs and provide invaluable insights into mechanisms of growth and differentiation. Dental Stem Cells: Regenerative Potential draws from a wealth of international perspectives and is an essential addition to the developing literature on dental stem cells. This installment of Springer’s Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine series is indispensable for biomedical researchers interested in bioengineering, dentistry, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, cell biology and oncology.

Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Author : Sibel Yildirim
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146145686X
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Dental Pulp Stem Cells by : Sibel Yildirim

Download or read book Dental Pulp Stem Cells written by Sibel Yildirim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cell technology is moving forward at a tremendous rate. Recent discoveries have surprised even the most expert researchers. While every piece of new data broadens the current knowledge and contributes to this moving forward, the new data also serve as paradigm shifters of fundamental knowledge of cell biology. While the question ‘What is a Stem Cell’ may now seem to basic to even discuss, there are still some discrepancies, however, between groups in terms of their functional roles. Teeth develop from the ectoderm of the first branchial arch and the ectomesenchyme of the neural crest. Deciduous teeth start to form between the sixth and eighth weeks, and permanent teeth begin to form in the twentieth weeks. Several studies have demonstrated that the pulp from both adult teeth and deciduous teeth contains dental pulp stem cells. Several factors have made them very attractive as a model system for many researchers; they are multipotent, ethically and non-controversially available in large numbers, immuno-compatible, developmentally primitive, easy to isolate and have high expansion potential in vitro. However, many controversies still exist in the field. There are several unanswered questions in the biology of dental pulp and odontoblasts. This new volume in the SpringerBriefs in Stem Cells series presents an evaluation of stem cells from human dental pulp as a reliable stem cell source for cell-based therapy to stimulate tissue regeneration.

Regenerative Dentistry

Author : Mona Marei
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031025814
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Regenerative Dentistry by : Mona Marei

Download or read book Regenerative Dentistry written by Mona Marei and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dental caries, periodontitis, tooth loss, and bone resorption are considered prevalent health problems that have direct affect on the quality of life. While, advances in stem cell biology and biotechnology have sparked hope for devastating maladies, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, etc., it also provides a strategy of regenerative therapy for dental tissues. From the prospective of tissue engineering, it is of utmost importance to understand and emulate the complex cell interactions that make up a tissue or organ. Unlike other tissues in the body, dental tissues are unique in their development, function, and even in their maintenance throughout life. The harmonized stimulations of biology and mechanical regulators to promote cellular activities have matured our understanding of the value of regenerative therapy of dental tissue versus the reparative treatment. In this book, we review the current knowledge available to regenerate alveolar bone, periodontal structure, and pulp/dentin complex. The book provides researchers with detailed information about development and functional characteristics of the dental unit with detailed protocols covering a comprehensive range of various approaches to engineer dental tissues: to use isolated cells or cell substitutes as cellular replacement, to use acellular biomaterials capable of inducing tissue regeneration, and/or to use a combination of cells, biomaterial and growth factors. We are well aware, with the concept changes in the field toward in-vitro biomimetics of in-vivo tissue development. The theoretical frame work integrating these concepts of developmental biology and developmental engineering is yet to be emphasized and implemented. Until this happens, we consider this book of regenerative dentistry as a call for scientists to achieve, researchers to innovate, practitioners to apply, and students to learn the art and science of regenerative therapy in dentistry. Table of Contents: Introduction to Regenerative Dentistry / Tissue Engineering Alveolar Bone / Tissue Engineering of the Periodontal Tissues / Dynamics for Pulp-Dentin Tissue Engineering in Operative Dentistry

Commitment and Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Author : Chi Lee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (835 download)

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Book Synopsis Commitment and Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells by : Chi Lee

Download or read book Commitment and Potential of Dental Pulp Stem Cells written by Chi Lee and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) play an integral role during dentine injury where they migrate towards the injury site, proliferate, differentiate into odontoblast-like cells and secrete a mineralised matrix, protecting the vital pulp tissue and preserving the tooth organ. Dentine matrix proteins (DMP) may have a role in stimulating this reparative dentine formation. Multiple adult stem cells make up the DPSC population. Within this study progenitor cells were isolated from dental pulp by preferential fibronectin adherence (FNA) or using magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) to isolate P75 expressing neural crest cells. Clonally expanded colonies were established. The proliferative FNA and P75-sorted populations were shown to be distinct progenitors with differing morphology and stem cell marker expression. One FNA clonal population was differentiated into mesenchymal lineages that established it as a multipotent DPSC population. Clonal populations were supplemented with DMP in vitro to examine the potential role of DMP in modulating cell behaviour during dentine injury. Supplementing with DMP had a dose dependent response on DPSC viability, increased cell numbers,reduced apoptosis and promoted cell migration, suggesting that the growth factors in DMP may have a positive synergistic effect on DPSC behaviour. Fluorescently stained DPSCs were microinjected into transverse tooth slices and placed in culture to develop an ex vivo model to study DPSC behaviour in a tooth environment. Injected cells remained viable after 7 days of culture, providing proof of concept data that DPSCs can be localised for study in situ. This thesis was successful in the isolation of clonal populations representing progenitor cells with different characteristics. Supplementing DPSCs with DMP promoted cell behaviour facilitating reparative dentinogenesis, indicating a potential clinical application for DMP in restorative therapy. The study of DPSCs using the ex vivo model will be important in further development of these novel therapies for dental tissue regeneration.

Neural Crest Stem Cells

Author : Maya Sieber-Blum
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814343803
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (143 download)

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Book Synopsis Neural Crest Stem Cells by : Maya Sieber-Blum

Download or read book Neural Crest Stem Cells written by Maya Sieber-Blum and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers readers an understanding of the development of neural crest cells, which is crucial as many birth defects and tumours are of neural crest origin. Delving into stem cells from different locations of the body, this book explores the best possible source of such cells for the use in medical applications.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Author : Phuc Van Pham
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535136151
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Mesenchymal Stem Cells by : Phuc Van Pham

Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cells written by Phuc Van Pham and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Isolation, Characterization, and Applications thoroughly presents the isolation, characterization, and some applications of mesenchymal stem cells in the clinic. The book has two parts: "Isolation and Characterization" and "Clinical Perspectives and Applications." In Part I, the subsequent chapters introduce some techniques in isolation, characterization, and purification of mesenchymal stem cells in different tissues. In Part II, some applications of mesenchymal stem cells in the popular diseases, which include cartilage regeneration, spinal cord injury, and osteoarthritis, are discussed. This book provides a succinct yet comprehensive overview of mesenchymal stem cells for advanced students, graduate students, and researchers.

Bone and Cartilage Regeneration

Author : Phuc Van Pham
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319401440
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Bone and Cartilage Regeneration by : Phuc Van Pham

Download or read book Bone and Cartilage Regeneration written by Phuc Van Pham and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-24 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This invaluable resource discusses clinical applications with effects and side-effects of applications of stem cells in bone and cartilage regeneration. Each chapter is contributed by a pre-eminent scientist in the field and covers such topics as skeletal regeneration by mesenchymal stem cells, clinical improvement of mesenchymal stem cell injection in injured cartilage and osteoarthritis, Good manufacturing practice (GMP), minimal critera of stem cells for clinical applications, future directions of the discussed therapies and much more. Bone & Cartilage Regeneration and the other books in the Stem Cells in Clinical Applications series will be invaluable to scientists, researchers, advanced students and clinicians working in stem cells, regenerative medicine or tissue engineering.

Biomaterials Science and Engineering

Author : Rosario Pignatello
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9533076097
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomaterials Science and Engineering by : Rosario Pignatello

Download or read book Biomaterials Science and Engineering written by Rosario Pignatello and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These contribution books collect reviews and original articles from eminent experts working in the interdisciplinary arena of biomaterial development and use. From their direct and recent experience, the readers can achieve a wide vision on the new and ongoing potentials of different synthetic and engineered biomaterials. Contributions were not selected based on a direct market or clinical interest, than on results coming from very fundamental studies which have been mainly gathered for this book. This fact will also allow to gain a more general view of what and how the various biomaterials can do and work for, along with the methodologies necessary to design, develop and characterize them, without the restrictions necessarily imposed by industrial or profit concerns. The book collects 22 chapters related to recent researches on new materials, particularly dealing with their potential and different applications in biomedicine and clinics: from tissue engineering to polymeric scaffolds, from bone mimetic products to prostheses, up to strategies to manage their interaction with living cells.

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy

Author : Lucas G. Chase
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1627032002
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy by : Lucas G. Chase

Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy written by Lucas G. Chase and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, significant efforts have been made to develop stem cell-based therapies for difficult to treat diseases. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), appear to hold great promise in regards to a regenerative cell-based therapy for the treatment of these diseases. Currently, more than 200 clinical trials are underway worldwide exploring the use of MSCs for the treatment of a wide range of disorders including bone, cartilage and tendon damage, myocardial infarction, graft-versus-host disease, Crohn’s disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, critical limb ischemia and many others. MSCs were first identified by Friendenstein and colleagues as an adherent stromal cell population within the bone marrow with the ability to form clonogenic colonies in vitro. In regards to the basic biology associated with MSCs, there has been tremendous progress towards understanding this cell population’s phenotype and function from a range of tissue sources. Despite enormous progress and an overall increased understanding of MSCs at the molecular and cellular level, several critical questions remain to be answered in regards to the use of these cells in therapeutic applications. Clinically, both autologous and allogenic approaches for the transplantation of MSCs are being explored. Several of the processing steps needed for the clinical application of MSCs, including isolation from various tissues, scalable in vitro expansion, cell banking, dose preparation, quality control parameters, delivery methods and numerous others are being extensively studied. Despite a significant number of ongoing clinical trials, none of the current therapeutic approaches have, at this point, become a standard of care treatment. Although exceptionally promising, the clinical translation of MSC-based therapies is still a work in progress. The extensive number of ongoing clinical trials is expected to provide a clearer path forward for the realization and implementation of MSCs in regenerative medicine. Towards this end, reviews of current clinical trial results and discussions of relevant topics association with the clinical application of MSCs are compiled in this book from some of the leading researchers in this exciting and rapidly advancing field. Although not absolutely all-inclusive, we hope the chapters within this book can promote and enable a better understanding of the translation of MSCs from bench-to-bedside and inspire researchers to further explore this promising and quickly evolving field.

Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080546161
Total Pages : 577 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

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Book Synopsis Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells by :

Download or read book Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-12-18 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers all aspects of embryonic stem cell differentiation, including mouse embryonic stem cells, mouse embryonic germ cells, monkey and human embryonic stem cells, and gene discovery.* Early commitment steps and generation of chimeric mice* Differentiation to mesoderm derivatives* Gene discovery by manipulation of mouse embryonic stem cells

Biomaterials Science and Engineering

Author : Rosario Pignatello
Publisher : IntechOpen
ISBN 13 : 9789533076096
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomaterials Science and Engineering by : Rosario Pignatello

Download or read book Biomaterials Science and Engineering written by Rosario Pignatello and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These contribution books collect reviews and original articles from eminent experts working in the interdisciplinary arena of biomaterial development and use. From their direct and recent experience, the readers can achieve a wide vision on the new and ongoing potentials of different synthetic and engineered biomaterials. Contributions were not selected based on a direct market or clinical interest, than on results coming from very fundamental studies which have been mainly gathered for this book. This fact will also allow to gain a more general view of what and how the various biomaterials can do and work for, along with the methodologies necessary to design, develop and characterize them, without the restrictions necessarily imposed by industrial or profit concerns. The book collects 22 chapters related to recent researches on new materials, particularly dealing with their potential and different applications in biomedicine and clinics: from tissue engineering to polymeric scaffolds, from bone mimetic products to prostheses, up to strategies to manage their interaction with living cells.

BiodentineTM

Author : Imad About
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030809323
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis BiodentineTM by : Imad About

Download or read book BiodentineTM written by Imad About and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-20 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive guide to BiodentineTM, an innovative biocompatible and bioactive material based on pure tricalcium silicate that can permanently replace dentin and can also serve as a temporary enamel substitute. Although BiodentineTM has been widely used across the world for the past decade, this is the first book to be devoted to its properties, interactions with the soft and hard tissues, and its multiple clinical applications. The coverage encompasses applications in primary and permanent teeth, in specialties as diverse as restorative dentistry, endodontics, paediatric dentistry, dental traumatology, and prosthetic dentistry. BiodentineTM application both in vital pulp therapy and endodontic procedures is illustrated and clinical step by step protocols are provided. The book provides a detailed update on BiodentineTM use to preserve the pulp vitality in direct/indirect pulp capping, pulpotomy and irreversible pulpitis treatment. It also details BiodentineTM use for non-vital teeth treatment in indications such as root/furcation perforation repair, apexification as well as in regenerative endodontic procedures. BiodentineTM: Properties and Clinical Applications will be a rich source of guidance and information for all dentists as well as dental students and academics.

Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309170427
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-01-25 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent scientific breakthroughs, celebrity patient advocates, and conflicting religious beliefs have come together to bring the state of stem cell researchâ€"specifically embryonic stem cell researchâ€"into the political crosshairs. President Bush's watershed policy statement allows federal funding for embryonic stem cell research but only on a limited number of stem cell lines. Millions of Americans could be affected by the continuing political debate among policymakers and the public. Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine provides a deeper exploration of the biological, ethical, and funding questions prompted by the therapeutic potential of undifferentiated human cells. In terms accessible to lay readers, the book summarizes what we know about adult and embryonic stem cells and discusses how to go about the transition from mouse studies to research that has therapeutic implications for people. Perhaps most important, Stem Cells and the Future of Regenerative Medicine also provides an overview of the moral and ethical problems that arise from the use of embryonic stem cells. This timely book compares the impact of public and private research funding and discusses approaches to appropriate research oversight. Based on the insights of leading scientists, ethicists, and other authorities, the book offers authoritative recommendations regarding the use of existing stem cell lines versus new lines in research, the important role of the federal government in this field of research, and other fundamental issues.

In Vivo Identification and Characterisation of Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Author : Jifan Feng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (795 download)

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Book Synopsis In Vivo Identification and Characterisation of Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells by : Jifan Feng

Download or read book In Vivo Identification and Characterisation of Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells written by Jifan Feng and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were identified primarily based on their in vitro mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics and are known as heterogeneous populations. Despite the extensive potential applications of these stem cell populations, their developmental lineage origins and identities are mostly unknown. Previous studies implied highly vascularised sites as potential stem cell niches in many tissues, and perivascular/pericyte associated markers were found consistently present in dental stem cells reported from different pulp tissues. We therefore firstly applied an in vivo approach by using transgenic mouse-lines to genetically label and linage-trace pericytes and characterise their properties during development and following tooth damage. Our results showed that pericytes had limited contribution to tooth growth, however, upon tooth damage stimuli, they were actively involved in dentin repair via migration, proliferating and differentiating into dentin-producing odontoblasts. In the context of the mouse continuously-growing incisor, we have also noticed another cell population alongside pericytes, also exhibiting mesenchymal stem cell-like properties, and are closely associated with Bcor represser complex genes, known important regulators for stem cell fate via epigenetic mechanisms. Further use of mesenchyme-specific Bcor knockout mice showed that Bcor in the dental mesenchyme is crucial for maintaining normal tooth formation, as well as homeostasis of stem cell niches for continuous postnatal growth of incisors, supporting the notion that Bcor is a possible regulator for MSC fate. Together, our data suggest that, at least in the mouse incisor, there are two distinct stem cell populations in vivo, possibility regulated by different mechanisms, both contributing to tooth development, postnatal growth and tissue repair.

Dental and Periodontal Tissues Formation and Regeneration: Current Approaches and Future Challenges

Author : Giovanna Orsini
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889199843
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Dental and Periodontal Tissues Formation and Regeneration: Current Approaches and Future Challenges by : Giovanna Orsini

Download or read book Dental and Periodontal Tissues Formation and Regeneration: Current Approaches and Future Challenges written by Giovanna Orsini and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-10-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sequential and reciprocal interactions between oral epithelial and cranial neural crest-derived mesenchymal cells give rise to the teeth and periodontium. Teeth are vital organs containing a rich number of blood vessels and nerve fibers within the dental pulp and periodontium. Teeth are composed by unique and specific collagenous (dentin, fibrillar cementum) and non-collagenous (enamel) highly mineralized extracellular matrices. Alveolar bone is another collagenous hard tissue that supports tooth stability and function through its close interaction with the periodontal ligament. Dental hard tissues are often damaged after infection or traumatic injuries that lead to the partial or complete destruction of the functional dental and supportive tissues. Well-established protocols are routinely used in dental clinics for the restoration or replacement of the damaged tooth and alveolar bone areas. Recent progress in the fields of cell biology, tissue engineering, and nanotechnology offers promising opportunities to repair damaged or missing dental tissues. Indeed, pulp and periodontal tissue regeneration is progressing rapidly with the application of stem cells, biodegradable scaffolds, and growth factors. Furthermore, methods that enable partial dental hard tissue repair and regeneration are being evaluated with variable degrees of success. However, these cell-based therapies are still incipient and many issues need to be addressed before any clinical application. The understanding of tooth and periodontal tissues formation would be beneficial for improving regenerative attempts in dental clinics. In the present e-book we have covered the various aspects dealing with dental and periodontal tissues physiology and regeneration in 6 chapters: 1. General principles on the use of stem cells for regenerating craniofacial and dental tissues 2. The roles of nerves, vessels and stem cell niches in tissue regeneration 3. Dental pulp regeneration and mechanisms of various odontoblast functions 4. Dental root and periodontal physiology, pathology and regeneration 5. Physiology and regeneration of the bone using various scaffolds and stem cell populations 6. Physiology, pathology and regeneration of enamel using dental epithelial stem cells

Dental Stem Cells: Regenerative Potential

Author : Barbara Zavan
Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9783319814803
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (148 download)

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Book Synopsis Dental Stem Cells: Regenerative Potential by : Barbara Zavan

Download or read book Dental Stem Cells: Regenerative Potential written by Barbara Zavan and published by Humana. This book was released on 2018-05-30 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the basic aspects of dental stem cells (DSCs) as well as their clinical applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It opens with a discussion of classification, protocols, and properties of DSCs and proceeds to explore DSCs within the contexts of cryopreservation; epigenetics; pulp, periodontal, tooth, bone, and corneal stroma regeneration; neuronal properties, mesenchymal stem cells and biomaterials; and as sources of hepatocytes for liver disease treatment. The fifteen expertly authored chapters comprehensively examine possible applications of DSCs and provide invaluable insights into mechanisms of growth and differentiation. Dental Stem Cells: Regenerative Potential draws from a wealth of international perspectives and is an essential addition to the developing literature on dental stem cells. This installment of Springer’s Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine series is indispensable for biomedical researchers interested in bioengineering, dentistry, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, cell biology and oncology.