Characterization and Manipulation of the Magnetization of Nano-scale Magnetic Structures

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (111 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization and Manipulation of the Magnetization of Nano-scale Magnetic Structures by : Wenming Ju

Download or read book Characterization and Manipulation of the Magnetization of Nano-scale Magnetic Structures written by Wenming Ju and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nano-scale magnetic patterned structures and thin films have attracted attention over the past few years due to their unique magnetization distribution and promising application in nonvolatile data storage, magnetic field sensors and spintronic devices. Magnetization states and their switching processes are fundamental investigation subjects of such magnetic systems. This dissertation discusses experimental work and theoretical analysis on investigating the magnetization of these nano-scale magnetic structures and how we can characterize and manipulate the magnetization in order to realize industrial application. The efforts done in this dissertation can be grouped into three topics: First, we focus on whether we can reverse the vortex circulation of the ferromagnetic nanodisk without breaking its symmetry so as to control and manipulate the chirality of the nanodisk. The vortex state of ferromagnetic nanodisk is characterized with and without in-plane magnetic field. The vortex circulation switching is achieved by applying a local circular magnetic field which is created by passing current through an AFM tip that is in contact with the nanodisk. The experimental results indicate the success of the reversal when a dielectric breakdown happens during the current application and the breakdown voltage is above a threshold value. This implies that the concentration of the current in the center of the disk leads to a stronger magnetic field and lower switching current. The analysis is supported by the results of micromagnetic simulations conducted in this work. Second, a magnetometer based on Magneto-optical Kerr effect is constructed. It is then used to record the hysteresis loop of permalloy and cobalt amorphous thin films. At the same time the affect of skew angles in Magneto-optical Kerr effect is also investigated so that the skew angle that leads to highest Kerr signal can be determined. The setup lays a foundation which enables us to investigate the magnetic properties of various magnetic structures and develop other techniques for related study, so some future work related to interlayer exchange coupling of trilayer structure and Magneto-optical Kerr imaging are proposed. Last, the thermal diffusivity measurement of Co/Cu multilayer by laser flash technique is conducted with and without in-plane magnetic field. The experimental result shows that the application of magnetic field does not lead to a significant change in the thermal diffusivity of this structure. This phenomenon is interesting as it is different from the behavior of the electrical conductivity of this structure when magnetic field is applied (giant magnetoresistance effect). Some exploratory discussion is presented in the end.

Progress in Nanoscale Characterization and Manipulation

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811304548
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Progress in Nanoscale Characterization and Manipulation by : Rongming Wang

Download or read book Progress in Nanoscale Characterization and Manipulation written by Rongming Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on charged-particle optics and microscopy, as well as their applications in the materials sciences. Presenting a range of cutting-edge theoretical and methodological advances in electron microscopy and microanalysis, and examining their crucial roles in modern materials research, it offers a unique resource for all researchers who work in ultramicroscopy and/or materials research. The book addresses the growing opportunities in this field and introduces readers to the state of the art in charged-particle microscopy techniques. It showcases recent advances in scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and helium ion microscopy, including advanced spectroscopy, spherical-corrected microscopy, focused-ion imaging and in-situ microscopy. Covering these and other essential topics, the book is intended to facilitate the development of microscopy techniques, inspire young researchers, and make a valuable contribution to the field.

Magnetic Characterization Techniques for Nanomaterials

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662527804
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (625 download)

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Book Synopsis Magnetic Characterization Techniques for Nanomaterials by : Challa S.S.R. Kumar

Download or read book Magnetic Characterization Techniques for Nanomaterials written by Challa S.S.R. Kumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-24 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sixth volume of a 40 volume series on nanoscience and nanotechnology, edited by the renowned scientist Challa S.S.R. Kumar. This handbook gives a comprehensive overview about Magnetic Characterization Techniques for Nanomaterials. Modern applications and state-of-the-art techniques are covered and make this volume an essential reading for research scientists in academia and industry.

Atomic- and Nanoscale Magnetism

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319995588
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Atomic- and Nanoscale Magnetism by : Roland Wiesendanger

Download or read book Atomic- and Nanoscale Magnetism written by Roland Wiesendanger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the fascinating recent developments in atomic- and nanoscale magnetism, including the physics of individual magnetic adatoms and single spins, the synthesis of molecular magnets for spintronic applications, and the magnetic properties of small clusters as well as non-collinear spin textures, such as spin spirals and magnetic skyrmions in ultrathin films and nanostructures. Starting from the level of atomic-scale magnetic interactions, the book addresses the emergence of many-body states in quantum magnetism and complex spin states resulting from the competition of such interactions, both experimentally and theoretically. It also introduces novel microscopic and spectroscopic techniques to reveal the exciting physics of magnetic adatom arrays and nanostructures at ultimate spatial and temporal resolution and demonstrates their applications using various insightful examples. The book is intended for researchers and graduate students interested in recent developments of one of the most fascinating fields of condensed matter physics.

New Trends in Nanoparticle Magnetism

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303060473X
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis New Trends in Nanoparticle Magnetism by : Davide Peddis

Download or read book New Trends in Nanoparticle Magnetism written by Davide Peddis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-15 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive coverage of the most recent progress and developments in the field of magnetic nanoparticles, with special emphasis on new materials design approaches for magnetic nanoarchitectures, advanced characterization techniques, and a wide range of applications areas including permanent magnets, biomedicine, and life sciences. The book also features an exhaustive section on fundamentals, covering single particle effects, surface effects, and interparticle interactions. The book delivers a strong focus throughout on the multidisciplinarity of the subject spanning physics, chemistry, engineering, biology, medicine, and environmental science. This forward-looking contributed volume highlights future perspectives and areas of emerging research, and will be of great interest to advanced undergraduates, as well as researchers in academia and industry.

Characterization of Magnetic Nanostructures Using Off-axis Electron Holography

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of Magnetic Nanostructures Using Off-axis Electron Holography by : Desai Zhang

Download or read book Characterization of Magnetic Nanostructures Using Off-axis Electron Holography written by Desai Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation research has involved microscopic characterization of magnetic nanostructures using off-axis electron holography and Lorentz microscopy. The nanostructures investigated have included Co nanoparticles (NPs), Au/Fe/GaAs shell/core nanowires (NWs), carbon spirals with magnetic cores, magnetic nanopillars, Ni-Zn-Co spinel ferrite and CoFe/Pd multilayers. The studies have confirmed the capability of holography to describe the behavior of magnetic structures at the nanoscale. The phase changes caused by the fringing fields of chains consisting of Co NPs were measured and calculated. The difference between chains with different numbers of Co NPs followed the trend indicated by calculations. Holography studies of Au/Fe/GaAs NWs grown on (110) GaAs substrates with rotationally non-uniform coating confirmed that Fe was present in the shell and that the shell behaved as a bar magnet. No fringing field was observed from NWs with cylindrical coating grown on (111)B GaAs substrates. The most likely explanation is that magnetic fields are confined within the shells and form closed loops. The multiple-magnetic-domain structure of iron carbide cores in carbon spirals was imaged using phase maps of the fringing fields. The strength and range of this fringing field was insufficient for manipulating the carbon spirals with an external applied magnetic field. No magnetism was revealed for CoPd/Fe/CoPd magnetic nanopillars. Degaussing and MFM scans ruled out the possibility that saturated magnetization and sample preparation had degraded the anisotropy, and the magnetism, respectively. The results suggested that these nanopillars were not suitable as candidates for prototypical bit information storage devices. Observations of Ni-Zn-Co spinel ferrite thin films in plan-view geometry indicated a multigrain magnetic domain structure and the magnetic fields were oriented in-plane only with no preferred magnetization distribution. This domain structure helps explain this ferrite's high permeability at high resonance frequency, which is an unusual character. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of CoFe/Pd multilayers was revealed using holography. Detailed microscopic characterization showed structural factors such as layer waviness and interdiffusion that could contribute to degradation of the PMA. However, these factors are overwhelmed by the dominant effect of the CoFe layer thickness, and can be ignored when considering magnetic domain structure.

Nanomagnetic Materials

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128223545
Total Pages : 814 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanomagnetic Materials by : Akinobu Yamaguchi

Download or read book Nanomagnetic Materials written by Akinobu Yamaguchi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-28 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomagnetic Materials: Fabrication, Characterization and Application explores recent studies of conventional nanomagnetic materials in spintronics, data storage, magnetic sensors and biomedical applications. In addition, the book also reviews novel magnetic characteristics induced in two-dimensional materials, diamonds, and those induced by the artificial formation of lattice defect and heterojunction as novel nanomagnetic materials. Nanomagnetic materials are usually based on d- and f-electron systems. They are an important solution to the demand for higher density of information storage, arising from the emergence of novel technologies required for non-volatile memory systems. Advances in the understanding of magnetization dynamics and in the characteristics of nanoparticles or surface of nanomagnetic materials is resulting in greater expansion of applications of nanomagnetic materials, including in biotechnology, sensor devices, energy harvesting, and power generating systems. This book provides a cogent overview of the latest research on novel nanomagnetic materials, including spintronic nanomagnets, molecular nanomagnets, self-assembling magnetic nanomaterials, nanoparticles, multifunctional materials, and heterojunction-induced novel magnetism. Explains manufacturing principles and process for nanomagnetic materials Discusses physical and chemical properties and potential industrial applications, such as magnetic data storage, sensors, oscillator, permanent magnets, power generations, and biomedical applications Assesses the major challenges of using magnetic nanomaterials on a broad scale

Advanced Magnetic Nanostructures

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387233164
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Magnetic Nanostructures by : D.J. Sellmyer

Download or read book Advanced Magnetic Nanostructures written by D.J. Sellmyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-02 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced magnetic nanostructures is an emerging field in magnetism and nanotechnology, but the literature consists of a rich variety of original papers and parts of reviews and books whose scope is comparatively broad. This calls for a book with specific emphasis on state-of-the-art synthetic methods for fabricating, characterizing and theoretically modeling new magnetic nanostructures. This book is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of the present state of the field. Leading researchers world-wide have contributed a survey of their special ties to guide the reader through the exploding literature in nanomagnetic structures. The focus is on deliberately structured nanomagnets. It includes cluster assembled, self-organized and patterned thin films but excludes, for example, multilayered thin films. We target both industrial and academic researchers in magnetism and related areas, such as nanotechnology, materials science, and theoretical solid-state physics.

Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387856005
Total Pages : 731 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (878 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications by : J. Ping Liu

Download or read book Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications written by J. Ping Liu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-05 with total page 731 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications covers exciting new developments in the field of advanced magnetic materials. Readers will find valuable reviews of the current experimental and theoretical work on novel magnetic structures, nanocomposite magnets, spintronic materials, domain structure and domain-wall motion, in addition to nanoparticles and patterned magnetic recording media. Cutting-edge applications in the field are described by leading experts from academic and industrial communities. These include new devices based on domain wall motion, magnetic sensors derived from both giant and tunneling magnetoresistance, thin film devices in micro-electromechanical systems, and nanoparticle applications in biomedicine. In addition to providing an introduction to the advances in magnetic materials and applications at the nanoscale, this volume also presents emerging materials and phenomena, such as magnetocaloric and ferromagnetic shape memory materials, which motivate future development in this exciting field. Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Applications also features a foreword written by Peter Grünberg, recipient of the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Characterization of Spin Transfer Torque and Magnetization Manipulation in Magnetic Nanostructures

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (826 download)

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Book Synopsis Characterization of Spin Transfer Torque and Magnetization Manipulation in Magnetic Nanostructures by : Chen Wang

Download or read book Characterization of Spin Transfer Torque and Magnetization Manipulation in Magnetic Nanostructures written by Chen Wang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation describes a number of research projects with the common theme of manipulating the magnetization of a nanoscale magnet through electrical means, and the major part is devoted to exploring the effect of spin angular momentum transfer from a spin-polarized current to a nanomagnet, which we call spin transfer torque. Spin transfer torque is a promising new mechanism to "write" magnetic storage elements in magnetic random access memory (MRAM) devices with magnesium oxide (MgO)-based magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) architecture. The first part of our work aims at a quantitative measurement of the spin transfer torque exerted on one of the ferromagnetic electrodes in exactly this type of tunneling structures used for MRAM applications. We use a technique called spin-transfer-driven ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR), where we apply a microwave-frequency oscillating current to resonantly excite magnetic precession, and we describe two complementary methods to detect this precession. We resolve previous controversies over the bias dependence of spin transfer torque, and present the first quantitative measurement of spin transfer torque in MgO-based MTJs in full bias range. We also analyze and test the potential to use the ST-FMR technique for microwave detection and microwave amplification. In the second part of the our work, we fabricate ferromagnetic nanoparticles made of CoFeB or Co embedded in the MgO tunnel barrier of a typical magnetic tunnel junction device, and study the spin transfer torque exerted on these nanoparticles 2-3 nm in size. We present the first evidence of spin transfer torque in magnetic nanoparticles insulated from electrodes by mapping out the switching phase diagram of a single nanoparticle. We also study ferromagnetic resonance of a small number of nanoparticles induced by spin transfer torque, with the goal of approaching single electron tunneling regime. The last part of our work explores a dramatically different way to manipulate magnetization electrically. We couple a ferromagnet to a multiferroic material, bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3), by exchange bias interaction, and try to manipulate the ferromagnet by ferroelectric switching of the BiFeO3.

Magnetic Nanostructures

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540493360
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Magnetic Nanostructures by : Bekir Aktas

Download or read book Magnetic Nanostructures written by Bekir Aktas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-06 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses the exciting and rapidly developing topic of ultrahigh-density magnetic data storage. It is the most advanced book on magnetic nanostructures, basics and applications. It combines modern topics in nanomagnetism with issues relating to the fabrication and characterization of magnetic nanostructures. This book will be of interest to R and D scientists and it provides an accessible introduction to the essential issues.

Novel Magnetic Nanostructures

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128135956
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Novel Magnetic Nanostructures by : Natalia Domracheva

Download or read book Novel Magnetic Nanostructures written by Natalia Domracheva and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-06-14 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Novel Magnetic Nanostructures: Unique Properties and Applications reviews the synthesis, design, characterization and unique properties of emerging nanostructured magnetic materials. It discusses the most promising and relevant applications, including data storage, spintronics and biomedical applications. Properties investigated include electronic, self-assembling, multifunctional, and magnetic properties, along with magnetic phenomena. Structures range from magnetic nanoclusters, nanoparticles, and nanowires, to multilayers and self-assembling nanosystems. This book provides a better understanding of the static and dynamic magnetism in new nanostructures for important applications. Provides an overview of the latest research on novel magnetic nanostructures, including molecular nanomagnets, metallacrown magnetic nanostructures, magnetic dendrimers, self-assembling magnetic structures, multifunctional nanostructures, and much more Reviews the synthesis, design, characterization and detection of useful properties in new magnetic nanostructures Highlights the most relevant applications, including spintronic, data storage and biomedical applications

Magnetic Structures of 2D and 3D Nanoparticles

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315361353
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis Magnetic Structures of 2D and 3D Nanoparticles by : Jean-Claude Serge Levy

Download or read book Magnetic Structures of 2D and 3D Nanoparticles written by Jean-Claude Serge Levy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic nanoparticles appear naturally in rock magnetism together with a large distribution of sizes and shapes. They have numerous applications from nano-size magnetic memories to metamaterials for electromagnetic waves as well as biological applications such as nanosurgery with minimal traumatism. Their long-ranged size- and shape-dependent dipolar interactions provide numerous useful properties. This book describes the preparation as well as the magnetic properties of nanoparticles and also considers 2D dots, nearly spherical samples, elongated samples, and various assemblies of nanoparticles. The authors report the static magnetic structures and dynamic properties of these nanoparticles and the topological defects in 2D and 3D nanoparticles with new examples of S-shaped vortex or antivortex and of bent vortex or antivortex in 3D nanoparticles. The spectrum of magnetic excitations is shown to exhibit the occurrence of gaps, a key for magnonic metamaterial devices. Magnetic excited states are also considered with their coupling to nanoparticle elastic properties.

Nanostructured Magnetic Materials and Their Applications

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540368728
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanostructured Magnetic Materials and Their Applications by : Donglu Shi

Download or read book Nanostructured Magnetic Materials and Their Applications written by Donglu Shi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-01-11 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: T a a a a a . T a a- a - a a a a a a a a b a a a a a- a .T a a a b a a a a .I b a- a a a a a a ,a a a .O a a a a a a a a a b a a a a a a a . T a , a a a a b a a ? . T a a a a .T a a a , a a a a a a a a a . Ab ba a a b a a a a a a a a . T a a a a a a b a a - .Ma a a a a a a a a a a a , a - , , a a a , a a a , , a , .I a , a , GMR a a a a a a a a a , a a , a RAM .E , a a , , a . a b a - a.T a ab a a a a a a a a a . I , a 21 a a a a a a a a .

Nanomagnetism

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527699066
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanomagnetism by : Claude Fermon

Download or read book Nanomagnetism written by Claude Fermon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-17 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first book to focus on the applications of nanomagnetism presents those already realized while also suggesting bold ideas for further breakthroughs. The first part is devoted to the concept of spin electronics and its use for data storage and magnetic sensing, while the second part concentrates on magnetic nanoparticles and their use in industrial environment, biological and medical applications. The third, more prospective part goes on to describe emerging applications related to spin current creation and manipulation, dynamics, spin waves and binary logic based on nano-scale magnetism. With its unique choice of topics and authors, this will appeal to academic as well as corporate researchers in a wide range of disciplines from physics via materials science to engineering, chemistry and life science.

From Bulk to Nano

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540705481
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis From Bulk to Nano by : Carmen-Gabriela Stefanita

Download or read book From Bulk to Nano written by Carmen-Gabriela Stefanita and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-24 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inspiration for this book can be traced back many years to two major works that in?uenced the author’s outlook on applied physics: FerromagnetismusbyR. Becker,W. D ̈ oring (Springer, Berlin 1939), and Ferromagnetism by R. M. Bozorth (IEEE Press, New York 1951). The former work is a collection of lectures held in the 1930s for ‘technicians’ attending a technical college. The German language in which the work was originally written was extremely convenient for the author of this present book, as it was for a long time the only comfortable technical language in an English speaking environment. Later on, upon encountering the work by Bozorth, it was a relief to see the clarity and eloquence of the subjects presented in English, despite the impressive thickness of the book. Bozorth’s work still constitutes a practical review for anyone in a multidisciplinary industry who comes across the various manifestations of magnetism. The popularity of both works is so enduring that they are regarded as highly academic, and yet extremely readable, a reference in their own right, still attracting many readers these days in industry and academia. The ?eld of magnetism progressed immensely in the twentieth century, and shows no signs of slowing down in the present one. It has become so vast that it is quite often viewed only in its parts, rather than as a whole. In today’smyriadofapplications,especiallyonananoscale,andtheirchangeable implications mostly on a macroscale, it often seems that di?erent aspects of reported work on magnetism are scattered and unrelated.

Physics of Magnetic Nanostructures

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118639960
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Physics of Magnetic Nanostructures by : Frank J. Owens

Download or read book Physics of Magnetic Nanostructures written by Frank J. Owens and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-29 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive coverage of the physical properties and real-world applications of magnetic nanostructures This book discusses how the important properties of materials such as the cohesive energy, and the electronic and vibrational structures are affected when materials have at least one length in the nanometer range. The author uses relatively simple models of the solid state to explain why these changes in the size and dimension in the nanometer regime occur. The text also reviews the physics of magnetism and experimental methods of measuring magnetic properties necessary to understanding how nanosizing affects magnetism. Various kinds of magnetic structures are presented by the author in order to explain how nanosizing influences their magnetic properties. The book also presents potential and actual applications of nanomaterials in the fields of medicine and computer data storage. Physics of Magnetic Nanostructures: Covers the magnetism in carbon and born nitride nanostructures, bulk nanostructured magnetic materials, nanostructured magnetic semiconductors, and the fabrication of magnetic nanostructures Discusses emerging applications of nanomaterials such as targeted delivery of drugs, enhancement of images in MRI, ferrofluids, and magnetic computer data storage Includes end-of-chapter exercises and five appendices Physics of Magnetic Nanostructures is written for senior undergraduate and graduate students in physics and nanotechnology, material scientists, chemists, and physicists.