Changes In Cigarette Related Disease Risks And Their Implication For Prevention And Control

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Changes in Cigarette-related Disease Risks and Their Implication for Prevention and Control

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Changes in Cigarette-related Disease Risks and Their Implication for Prevention and Control by :

Download or read book Changes in Cigarette-related Disease Risks and Their Implication for Prevention and Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents results from three large, more contemporary prospective mortality studies and provides longer followup for two of the older studies dating from the 1950's. When observations from the more contemporary studies are compared with those from the 1950's, one important but disturbing conclusion is apparent - mortality risks among continuing smokers, both males and females, have increased. In fact, relative risks for smokers compared to never-smokers have increased for all major smoking-related diseases - coronary heart disease (CHD), lung cancer, other smoking-related cancers, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This increase over time in the relative risks for smokers compared to never-smokers has occured despite a dramatic decline in cardiovascular disease (CVD) death rates in the U.S. population, suggesting that the decline in CVD death rates has been proportionately greater among never-smokers than among continuing smokers. The clearest message that is drawn from the enormous quantity of data presented in this monograph is that smoking prevention and cessation efforts are complementary, not alternative, solutions to the current epidemic of diseases caused by smoking.

Changes in Cigarette-related Disease Risks and Their Implication for Prevention and Control

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 565 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (37 download)

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Changes in Cigarette-Related Disease Risks and Their Implications for Prevention and Control

Author : Department of Health & Human Services
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781499642261
Total Pages : 604 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Changes in Cigarette-Related Disease Risks and Their Implications for Prevention and Control by : Department of Health & Human Services

Download or read book Changes in Cigarette-Related Disease Risks and Their Implications for Prevention and Control written by Department of Health & Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-05-22 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This, the eighth monograph in the Smoking and Tobacco Control series published by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), is in many respects also the most significant. Contained in this volume are new results from five of the world's largest prospective epidemiological studies defining the magnitude of disease risks caused by cigarette smoking. Thirty years ago, in January 1966, NCI published a similar monograph titled Epidemiological Approaches to the Study of Cancer and Other Chronic Diseases. The report of the Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health had been released in 1964 and had relied extensively on data from prospective mortality studies to delineate the relationship between cigarette smoking and various chronic diseases. The 1966 NCI monograph provided a detailed examination of the outcomes of several of the large prospective mortality studies presented in the 1964 advisory committee report. At that time, the outcomes available from these studies were based on 3 to 6 years of follow up; with the exception of the American Cancer Society's (ACS) Cancer Prevention Study I (CPS-I), studies in the 1966 NCI monograph did not include substantial numbers of females. This monograph includes three new prospective mortality studies (CPS-II, the Nurses' Health Study, and the Kaiser Permanente Prospective Mortality study, provides the outcomes of the CPS-I study after 12 years of follow up, and provides 26 years of follow up of the study of U.S. veterans. Data from these studies provide the most comprehensive description of the disease consequences produced by smoking available to date and are accompanied by a detailed description of the changes in smoking behaviors of the U.S. population over the past century. Prospective mortality studies continue to play a critical role in quantifying the relative mortality risks of smoking for the individual as well as in estimating the overall disease burden caused by cigarette smoking in our society. The goal of this monograph is to facilitate both these tasks by providing, in one volume, comprehensive descriptions of smoking behaviors and the disease risks that result from those behaviors.

Smoking And Tobacco Control... Changes In Cigarette-Related Disease Risks And Their Implication For Prevention..., Monograph 8... U.S. Department Of Health & Human Services

Download Smoking And Tobacco Control... Changes In Cigarette-Related Disease Risks And Their Implication For Prevention..., Monograph 8... U.S. Department Of Health & Human Services PDF Online Free

Author : National Cancer Institute (U.S.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (524 download)

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Book Synopsis Smoking And Tobacco Control... Changes In Cigarette-Related Disease Risks And Their Implication For Prevention..., Monograph 8... U.S. Department Of Health & Human Services by : National Cancer Institute (U.S.)

Download or read book Smoking And Tobacco Control... Changes In Cigarette-Related Disease Risks And Their Implication For Prevention..., Monograph 8... U.S. Department Of Health & Human Services written by National Cancer Institute (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1998* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Changes in Cigarette-Related Disease Risks and Their Implications for Prevention and Control

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (847 download)

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Download or read book Changes in Cigarette-Related Disease Risks and Their Implications for Prevention and Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease

Author : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 728 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General

Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

The World Health Report 2002

Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9789241562072
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis The World Health Report 2002 by : World Health Organization

Download or read book The World Health Report 2002 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2002 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is living dangerously - either because it has little choice or because it is making the wrong choices -- Dr Gro Harlem Brundtland WHO Director-General

Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Download or read book Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This booklet for schools, medical personnel, and parents contains highlights from the 2012 Surgeon General's report on tobacco use among youth and teens (ages 12 through 17) and young adults (ages 18 through 25). The report details the causes and the consequences of tobacco use among youth and young adults by focusing on the social, environmental, advertising, and marketing influences that encourage youth and young adults to initiate and sustain tobacco use. This is the first time tobacco data on young adults as a discrete population have been explored in detail. The report also highlights successful strategies to prevent young people from using tobacco.

Smoking Prevention and Cessation

Author : Giuseppe La Torre
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461470463
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Smoking Prevention and Cessation by : Giuseppe La Torre

Download or read book Smoking Prevention and Cessation written by Giuseppe La Torre and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-03 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco smoking is considered the big killer and one of the most avoidable risk factors for many human pathologies. Reducing and controlling tobacco smoking should be a primary aim for a certain population, in order to reduce harms to health caused by this important risk factor, and it seems urgent to adopt intervention tools involved in responsibility fields such as health care, education, politics, economy and media. Among health professionals the prevalence of tobacco smoke is extremely high, more than other professional categories, and this could be partly attributed to a low weight that tobacco smoking has in the medical curriculum of future physicians, that will contribute in a determinant way to healthy choices of their patients. In order to realise that, the medical students need to be adequately trained with the aim of acquire competences and skills that help patients to prevent tobacco smoking and to increase smoking cessation, through a programme oriented to specific issue related to the potential harm of tobacco products. A survey conducted by Ferry et al. in the American Schools of Medicine underlined the lack of courses related to tobacco smoking. Moreover, a randomised trial carried out by Cummings et al., the Schools of Medicine result as the ideal setting to teach smoking cessation techniques to health professionals. The National Cancer Institute in 1992 recommended that primary and secondary prevention interventions on tobacco smoking will become mandatory in the curriculum of Medical USA students. However, until now this recommendation still is far from being fully implemented. The aim of the book is to give an overview on the epidemiology of tobacco smoking among different settings and populations, but with a special focus on health professionals and medicals students, and to show available examples of smoking prevention and cessation training in different settings.

After Tobacco

Author : Peter S. Bearman
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231157770
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis After Tobacco by : Peter S. Bearman

Download or read book After Tobacco written by Peter S. Bearman and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: States have banned smoking in workplaces, restaurants, and bars. They have increased tobacco tax rates, extended "clean air" laws, and mounted dramatic antismoking campaigns. Yet tobacco use remains high among Americans, prompting many health professionals to seek bolder measures to reduce smoking rates, which has raised concerns about the social and economic consequences of these measures. Retail and hospitality businesses worry smoking bans and excise taxes will reduce profit, and with tobacco farming and cigarette manufacturing concentrated in southeastern states, policymakers fear the decline of regional economies. Such concerns are not necessarily unfounded, though until now, no comprehensive survey has responded to these beliefs by capturing the impact of tobacco control across the nation. This book, the result of research commissioned by Legacy and Columbia University's Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy, considers the economic impact of reducing smoking rates on tobacco farmers, cigarette-factory workers, the southeastern regional economy, state governments, tobacco retailers, the hospitality industry, and nonprofit organizations that might benefit from the industry's philanthropy. It also measures the effect of smoking reduction on mortality rates, medical costs, and Social Security. Concluding essays consider the implications of more vigorous tobacco control policy for law enforcement, smokers who face social stigma, the mentally ill who may cope through tobacco, and disparities in health by race, social class, and gender.

Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030946837X
Total Pages : 775 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-05-18 with total page 775 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of Americans use e-cigarettes. Despite their popularity, little is known about their health effects. Some suggest that e-cigarettes likely confer lower risk compared to combustible tobacco cigarettes, because they do not expose users to toxicants produced through combustion. Proponents of e-cigarette use also tout the potential benefits of e-cigarettes as devices that could help combustible tobacco cigarette smokers to quit and thereby reduce tobacco-related health risks. Others are concerned about the exposure to potentially toxic substances contained in e-cigarette emissions, especially in individuals who have never used tobacco products such as youth and young adults. Given their relatively recent introduction, there has been little time for a scientific body of evidence to develop on the health effects of e-cigarettes. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes reviews and critically assesses the state of the emerging evidence about e-cigarettes and health. This report makes recommendations for the improvement of this research and highlights gaps that are a priority for future research.

Cigars

Author : National Cancer Institute (U.S.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Cigars by : National Cancer Institute (U.S.)

Download or read book Cigars written by National Cancer Institute (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifies upward trend in cigar use as potential serious public health problem.

Ending the Tobacco Problem

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309103827
Total Pages : 643 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Ending the Tobacco Problem by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Ending the Tobacco Problem written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-10-27 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nation has made tremendous progress in reducing tobacco use during the past 40 years. Despite extensive knowledge about successful interventions, however, approximately one-quarter of American adults still smoke. Tobacco-related illnesses and death place a huge burden on our society. Ending the Tobacco Problem generates a blueprint for the nation in the struggle to reduce tobacco use. The report reviews effective prevention and treatment interventions and considers a set of new tobacco control policies for adoption by federal and state governments. Carefully constructed with two distinct parts, the book first provides background information on the history and nature of tobacco use, developing the context for the policy blueprint proposed in the second half of the report. The report documents the extraordinary growth of tobacco use during the first half of the 20th century as well as its subsequent reversal in the mid-1960s (in the wake of findings from the Surgeon General). It also reviews the addictive properties of nicotine, delving into the factors that make it so difficult for people to quit and examines recent trends in tobacco use. In addition, an overview of the development of governmental and nongovernmental tobacco control efforts is provided. After reviewing the ethical grounding of tobacco control, the second half of the book sets forth to present a blueprint for ending the tobacco problem. The book offers broad-reaching recommendations targeting federal, state, local, nonprofit and for-profit entities. This book also identifies the benefits to society when fully implementing effective tobacco control interventions and policies.

Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309316278
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-07-23 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use by adolescents and young adults poses serious concerns. Nearly all adults who have ever smoked daily first tried a cigarette before 26 years of age. Current cigarette use among adults is highest among persons aged 21 to 25 years. The parts of the brain most responsible for cognitive and psychosocial maturity continue to develop and change through young adulthood, and adolescent brains are uniquely vulnerable to the effects of nicotine. At the request of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products considers the likely public health impact of raising the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products. The report reviews the existing literature on tobacco use patterns, developmental biology and psychology, health effects of tobacco use, and the current landscape regarding youth access laws, including minimum age laws and their enforcement. Based on this literature, the report makes conclusions about the likely effect of raising the minimum age to 19, 21, and 25 years on tobacco use initiation. The report also quantifies the accompanying public health outcomes based on findings from two tobacco use simulation models. According to the report, raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco products, particularly to ages 21 and 25, will lead to substantial reductions in tobacco use, improve the health of Americans across the lifespan, and save lives. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products will be a valuable reference for federal policy makers and state and local health departments and legislators.

Reversal of Risk After Quitting Smoking

Author : IARC Working Group on Reversal of Risk after Quitting Smoking. Meeting
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Reversal of Risk After Quitting Smoking by : IARC Working Group on Reversal of Risk after Quitting Smoking. Meeting

Download or read book Reversal of Risk After Quitting Smoking written by IARC Working Group on Reversal of Risk after Quitting Smoking. Meeting and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2007 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the 11th IARC Handbook of Cancer Prevention, and the first in a series focusing on tobacco control. It reviews the scientific literature and evaluates the evidence on changes in the risk of cancer, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, peripheral artery disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease observed following smoking cessation. It considers whether the risk of dying from or of developing these diseases decreases after smoking cessation, the time course of the change in risk and whether the risk returns to that of never-smokers? The review and evaluation presented in the Handbook goes on to identify relevant public health and research recommendations.

The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 736 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Download or read book The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Surgeon General's report returns to the topic of the health effects of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. The last comprehensive review of this evidence by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) was in the 1986 Surgeon General's report, The Health Consequences of Involuntary Smoking, published 20 years ago this year. This new report updates the evidence of the harmful effects of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke. This large body of research findings is captured in an accompanying dynamic database that profiles key epidemiologic findings, and allows the evidence on health effects of exposure to tobacco smoke to be synthesized and updated (following the format of the 2004 report, The Health Consequences of Smoking). The database enables users to explore the data and studies supporting the conclusions in the report. The database is available on the Web site of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco.

Population Based Smoking Cessation

Author : Department of Health & Human Services
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781499652826
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (528 download)

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Book Synopsis Population Based Smoking Cessation by : Department of Health & Human Services

Download or read book Population Based Smoking Cessation written by Department of Health & Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-05-23 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smoking cessation is the principal means by which a current cigarette smoker can alter his or her future risk of disease. Prevention of smoking initiation among adolescents can reduce smoking prevalence, but adolescents contribute little to rates of smoking-related illness until they have been smoking for 30 or more years. Cessation is often examined at the individual level in order to deter-mine the effects of cessation interventions or to define individual predictors of who will or will not be successful in their cessation attempts. However, for these individual effects to create a substantive public health benefit, they must sum to create a significant change at the population level. Powerful interventions that affect only a few individuals will have little impact on disease rates, whereas weaker interventions that impact large numbers of smokers will have important and cumulative effects on disease rates. In addition, many interventions (e.g., price increases, changes in social norms, etc.) are delivered to the population as a whole rather than to individual smokers one at a time, and it is these population-based interventions that have formed the core of the tobacco control efforts currently underway in California, Massachusetts, and several other states. This volume examines cessation at the population level. By population level, we mean that all segments of society form the denominator for evaluation of the effectiveness of tobacco control interventions. Therefore, this volume relies heavily on representative surveys of smoking behaviors in state and national populations. By doing so, it defines measures of cessation that can be used to assess the effects of tobacco control programs or public policy changes on smoking behavior. It then uses those measures to identify who is quitting, who is being successful, who is being exposed to various tobacco control interventions, and which tobacco control interventions are proving effective.