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Cellular Mechanisms Of Trafficking And Processing Of The Amyloid Precursor Protein App And Beta Secretase Beta Secretase In Alzheimers Disease
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Book Synopsis Cellular Mechanisms of Trafficking and Processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and [beta]-secretase [beta-secretase] in Alzheimer's Disease by : Christine von Arnim
Download or read book Cellular Mechanisms of Trafficking and Processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and [beta]-secretase [beta-secretase] in Alzheimer's Disease written by Christine von Arnim and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cellular Mechanisms of Trafficking and Processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and Β-secretase [beta-secretase] in Alzheimer's Disease by : Christine von Arnim
Download or read book Cellular Mechanisms of Trafficking and Processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) and Β-secretase [beta-secretase] in Alzheimer's Disease written by Christine von Arnim and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cellular mechanisms of trafficking and processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and beta-secretase in Alzheimer's disease by : Christine von Arnim
Download or read book Cellular mechanisms of trafficking and processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and beta-secretase in Alzheimer's disease written by Christine von Arnim and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cellular Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease by : C. Haass
Download or read book Cellular Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease written by C. Haass and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This special topic issue of 'Neurodegenerative Diseases' contains contributions discussing the subject in-depth. 'Neurodegenerative Diseases' is a well-respected, international peer-reviewed journal in 'Neurobiology'. Special topic issues are included in the subscription.
Book Synopsis Cellular Mechanisms in Alzheimer’s Disease by : Fernando A. Oliveira
Download or read book Cellular Mechanisms in Alzheimer’s Disease written by Fernando A. Oliveira and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2018-09-19 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the product of the slow and progressive degenerative alteration that develops in the adult brain and can remain asymptomatic for a considerable time before cognitive deficits becomes evident. The main challenge for researchers is to identify markers of this degenerative process, and, in this sense, data has been generated through experiments bringing to light new mechanisms and hypothesis to explain its pathophysiology. This book is a review of recent studies in AD molecular biology. Chapters explain various facets of AD, which include animal models, morphological changes, membrane composition, amyloidogenic peptides, intracellular transport systems, and the role of oxidative stress and calcium deregulation. Readers will understand the molecular mechanisms behind AD and therefore broaden their perspective on this neurodegenerative disease and its progression.
Book Synopsis Synaptic Function by : Neurosciences Institute (New York, N.Y.)
Download or read book Synaptic Function written by Neurosciences Institute (New York, N.Y.) and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1987 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of five sections. The first section details methods for analyzing both presynaptic and postsynaptic function and emphasizes the molecular aspects of synapses. It describes ongoing studies of neurotransmitter release, voltage- sensitive ion channels, and electronic transmission at gap junctions. The second section focuses on the growing menagerie of neurotransmitters: their catagorization into chemical families, their relation to ion channels, their modulation by second messenger systems and their role in pharmacologic action. The third section considers the important relationship of transmitter diversity and synaptic types to the behavior of actual cellular networks. All of the studies described in these sections point to the necessity of considering interactions between anatomy, chemistry, physiology and pharmacology if synaptic function is to be understood at any one of these levels of analysis.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology by : Abel Lajtha
Download or read book Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology written by Abel Lajtha and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-06 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nervous system is highly fragile, especially during aging, illness and trauma. This book addresses a small sampling of major constituents of neural function at the cellular and molecular level that play crucial roles in development and aging.
Book Synopsis The Physiological Functions of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Gene Family by : Ulrike C. Müller
Download or read book The Physiological Functions of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Gene Family written by Ulrike C. Müller and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-12-28 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The amyloid precursor protein APP plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), as proteolytical cleavage of APP gives rise to the Aβ peptide which is deposited in the brains of Alzheimer patients. Despite this, our knowledge of the normal cell biological and physiological functions of APP and the closely related APLPs is limited. This may have hampered our understanding of AD, since evidence has accumulated that not only the production of the Aβ peptide but also the loss of APP-mediated functions may contribute to AD pathogenesis. Thus, it appears timely and highly relevant to elucidate the functions of the APP gene family from the molecular level to their role in the intact organism, i.e. in the context of nervous system development, synapse formation and adult synapse function, as well as neural homeostasis and aging. Why is our understanding of the APP functions so limited? APP and the APLPs are multifunctional proteins that undergo complex proteolytical processing. They give rise to an almost bewildering array of different fragments that may each subserve specific functions. While Aβ is aggregation prone and neurotoxic, the large secreted ectodomain APPsα - produced in the non-amyloidogenic α-secretase pathway - has been shown to be neurotrophic, neuroprotective and relevant for synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Recently, novel APP cleavage pathways and enzymes have been discovered that have gained much attention not only with respect to AD but also regarding their role in normal brain physiology. In addition to the various cleavage products, there is also solid evidence that APP family proteins mediate important functions as transmembrane cell surface molecules, most notably in synaptic adhesion and cell surface signaling. Elucidating in more detail the molecular mechanisms underlying these divers functions thus calls for an interdisciplinary approach ranging from the structural level to the analysis in model organisms. Thus, in this research topic of Frontiers we compile reviews and original studies, covering our current knowledge of the physiological functions of this intriguing and medically important protein family.
Book Synopsis Neurodegenerative Diseases by : Uday Kishore
Download or read book Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Uday Kishore and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the pathophysiological complexities of the mechanisms and factors that are likely to be involved in a range of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, other Dementia, Parkinson Diseases and Multiple Sclerosis. The spectrum of diverse factors involved in neurodegeneration, such as protein aggregation, oxidative stress, caspases and secretase, regulators, cholesterol, zinc, microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, etc, have been discussed in the context of disease progression. In addition, novel approaches to therapeutic interventions have also been presented. It is hoped that students, scientists and clinicians shall find this very informative book immensely useful and thought-provoking.
Book Synopsis Magnesium in the Central Nervous System by : Robert Vink
Download or read book Magnesium in the Central Nervous System written by Robert Vink and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.
Book Synopsis The Role of Lipid Rafts on the Trafficking and Processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein by : Christopher Towlson
Download or read book The Role of Lipid Rafts on the Trafficking and Processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein written by Christopher Towlson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain pathology is characterised by the presence of senile plaques containing insoluble aggregates of the amyloid beta peptide (A[beta]). The mechanisms of A[beta] generation are not well understood but previous work has shown that amyloid precursor protein (APP) internalization from the cell surface may be an important step in this process. APP and the amyloidogenic enzymes involved in its processing have been shown to reside in cholesterol rich membrane micro-domains called lipid rafts. Lipid rafts are important cell signalling centres on the plasma membrane and may be involved in certain types of endocytosis. APP processing, including endocytosis, is also modulated by insulin signalling pathways. This thesis describes the generation and expression of APP endocytosis deficient mutants to study the role of APP intemalisation, insulin signalling and lipid rafts in A[beta] generation. -- Subcellular fractionation of cultured cells expressing human APP reveals that [beta]CTF, the direct precursor to A[beta], is found almost exclusively in lipid raft fractions. Furthermore, [beta]CTF is reduced in lipid rafts from cells expressing endocytosis deficient APP mutants. By contrast, APP endocytosis mutations have no effect on the localization of full-length APP or [beta]- and [gamma]-secretases. We also show that insulin treatment increases non-amyloidogenic processing of APP in neuroblastoma cells and primary mouse neurons, possibly by a mechanism involving decreased APP endocytosis. - Taken together, my results are consistent with the notion that plasma membrane bound APP and the [beta]-secretase BACE reside in distinct lipid raft species that merge upon endocytosis, resulting in enzyme and substrate converging in endosomes where APP is cleaved to generate A[beta]. Furthermore, altered APP endocytosis due to insulin resistance may increase the generation of A[beta] in AD.
Book Synopsis Modulation of Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing in Cerebral Microvascular Smooth Muscle Cells by : Ilene Dale Auerbach
Download or read book Modulation of Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing in Cerebral Microvascular Smooth Muscle Cells written by Ilene Dale Auerbach and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alzheimer's Disease: Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Amyloid beta by : J. Robin Harris
Download or read book Alzheimer's Disease: Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Amyloid beta written by J. Robin Harris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-22 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major thrusts of present-day clinical research, strongly supported by more fimdamental cellular, biochemical, immunological and structural studies. It is these latter that receive attention within this book. This compilation of 20 chapters indicates the diversity of work currently in progress and summarizes the current state of knowledge. Experienced authors who are scientifically active in their fields of study have been selected as contributors to this book, in an attempt to present a reasonably complete survey of the field. Inevitably, some exciting topics for one reason or another have not been included, for which we can only apologize. Standardization of terminology is often a problem in science, not least in the Alzheimer field; editorial effort has been made to achieve standardization between the Chapters, but some minor yet acceptable personal / author variation is still present, i. e. P-amyloid/amyloid-P; Ap42/Apl-42/APi. 42! The book commences with a broad survey of the contribution that the range of available microscopical techniques has made to the study of Alzheimer's amyloid plaques and amyloid fibrillogenesis. This chapter also serves as an Introduction to the book, since several of the topics introduced here are expanded upon in later chapters. Also, it is significant to the presence of this chapter that the initial discovery of brain plaques, by Alois Alzheimer, utilized light microscopy, a technique that continues to be extremely valuable in present-day AD research.
Book Synopsis Genes, Environment and Alzheimer's Disease by : Orly Lazarov
Download or read book Genes, Environment and Alzheimer's Disease written by Orly Lazarov and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-02-25 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genes, Environment and Alzheimer's Disease discusses the role that activities such as exercise can play in cardiovascular health, while also highlighting the fact that the last 10 years have brought great discoveries in the strong environmental component of brain disorders, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. It is now clear that brain insult is an environmental risk factor for AD, while on the other hand, lifestyle components such as exercise and level of education may play a protective role, delaying the onset and/or severity of the disease. Evidence from experiments in rodent models of Alzheimer’s disease contributes major insight into the molecular mechanisms by which the environment plays its role in AD. Additionally, there are diseases related to lifestyle that may lead to AD. This volume reviews new discoveries related to all these factors, serving as a translational tool for clinicians and researchers interested in genetic and environmental risk factors for the disease. Provides the first volume to link genetic and environmental risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease and dementia Aids researchers and clinicians in understanding the basic mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive decline Brings the basic science and clinical perspectives together in a single volume, facilitating translational possibilities Includes a range of molecular to behavioral components assembled into a single volume that creates an excellent resource for basic and clinical neuroscientists
Book Synopsis The Trafficking and Metabolism of Amyloid Precursor Protein is Regulated by Its Cytoplasmic Carboxy-terminus and by Adaptor Protein Interactions by : Gwendalyn DiAnn King
Download or read book The Trafficking and Metabolism of Amyloid Precursor Protein is Regulated by Its Cytoplasmic Carboxy-terminus and by Adaptor Protein Interactions written by Gwendalyn DiAnn King and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of Intracellular Trafficking of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid Precursor Protein in Beta-Amyloid Peptide Formation by : Wai Yan Choy
Download or read book The Role of Intracellular Trafficking of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid Precursor Protein in Beta-Amyloid Peptide Formation written by Wai Yan Choy and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is processed sequentially by [beta]-site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE) and [gamma]-secretase to generate amyloid [beta] (A[beta]) peptides, one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Endosomes or the trans-Golgi network (TGN) are suggested as major subcellular compartments favorable for A[beta] production; however, it is still controversial where this process actually occurs. In this study, we investigated the role of different post-endocytic trafficking events in A[beta] production using an RNA interference (RNAi) approach. Depletion of Hrs and Tsg101 acting early in the multivesicular bodies (MVB) pathway retained APP in early endosomes and reduced A[beta] production. Conversely, depletion of CHMP6 and VPS4 acting late in the pathway rerouted endosomal APP to the TGN for enhanced APP processing. We also showed that VPS35-mediated APP recycling to the TGN was required for efficient A[beta] production. Interfering with the bidirectional trafficking of APP between the TGN and endosomes, particularly retromer-mediated retrieval of APP from early endosomes to the TGN, resulted in the accumulation of endocytosed APP in early endosomes with reduced APP processing. These data suggested that A[beta] was generated predominantly in the TGN, from the endocytosed pool of APP that had recycled from early endosomes to the TGN.
Book Synopsis Drug Discovery Approaches for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders by : Adeboye Adejare
Download or read book Drug Discovery Approaches for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders written by Adeboye Adejare and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-09-20 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug Discovery Approaches for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Alzheimer’s Disease examines the drug discovery process for neurodegenerative diseases by focusing specifically on Alzheimer’s Disease and illustrating the paradigm necessary to ensure future research and treatment success. The book explores diagnosis, epidemiology, drug discovery strategies, current therapeutics, and much more to provide a holistic approach to the discovery, development, and treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Through its coverage of the latest research in targeted drug design, preclinical studies, and mouse and rat models, the book is a must-have resource for all pharmaceutical scientists, pharmacologists, neuroscientists, and clinical researchers working in this area. It illustrates why these drugs tend to fail at the clinical stage, and examines Alzheimer’s Disease within the overall context of improving the drug discovery process for the treatment of other neurodegenerative disorders. Provides a compilation of chemical considerations required in drug discovery for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders Examines different classes of compounds currently being used in discovery and development stages Explores in vitro and in vivo models with respect to their ability to translate these models to human conditions Distills the most significant information across multiple areas of Alzheimer’s disease research to provide a single, comprehensive, and balanced resource
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