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Cellular And Molecular Mechanisms Of Aging In The Nervous System
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Book Synopsis Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Aging in the Nervous System by : Adler Brown
Download or read book Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Aging in the Nervous System written by Adler Brown and published by American Medical Publishers. This book was released on 2023-09-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nervous system is a highly complex network of nerves that coordinates actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from various parts of the body. Random molecular damage that steadily accumulates with age drives the ageing process at the cellular level. Many molecular mechanisms are involved and exogenous factors, like stress, also play a role in the aging process. The nervous system at the cellular level comprises a special cell called a neuron, which transmits signals to the other cells. Many physical, chemical, or biological changes in the status of neurons characterize brain aging. It is manifested in the form of deterioration in cognitive function and dementia. Dendritic regression in pyramidal neurons, synaptic atrophy, decrease of striatal dopamine receptors, accumulation of fluorescent pigments, cytoskeletal abnormalities, and reactive astrocytes and microglia are the common features of brain aging. The consequence of molecular and cellular alterations in brain aging is characterized by a plethora of anatomical changes, such as significant neuronal loss in hippocampus and neocortex. This book provides comprehensive insights on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of aging. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective about this area of study.
Download or read book The Aging Brain written by Ezio Giacobini and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1982 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotrophin Function in the Nervous System by : Pedro Bekinschtein
Download or read book Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotrophin Function in the Nervous System written by Pedro Bekinschtein and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-06-15 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aging and Age-Related Disorders From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies by : Vladimir Titorenko
Download or read book Aging and Age-Related Disorders From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies written by Vladimir Titorenko and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-08-19 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aging of unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic organisms is a convoluted biological phenomenon, which is manifested as an age-related functional decline caused by progressive dysregulation of certain cellular and organismal processes. Many chronic diseases are associated with human aging. These aging-associated diseases include cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases (including Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and Huntington’s diseases), and many forms of cancer. Studies in yeast, roundworms, fruit flies, fishes, mice, primates, and humans have provided evidence that the major aspects and basic mechanisms of aging and aging-associated pathology are conserved across phyla. The focus of this International Journal of Molecular Sciences Special Issue is on molecular and cellular mechanisms, diagnostics, and therapies and diseases of aging. Fifteen original research and review articles in this Special Issue provide important insights into how various genetic, dietary, and pharmacological interventions can affect certain longevity-defining cellular and organismal processes to delay aging and postpone the onset of age-related pathologies in evolutionarily diverse organisms. These articles outline the most important unanswered questions and directions for future research in the vibrant and rapidly evolving fields of mechanisms of biological aging, aging-associated diseases, and aging-delaying therapies.
Book Synopsis Molecular Aspects of Development and Aging of the Nervous System by : Jean Lauder
Download or read book Molecular Aspects of Development and Aging of the Nervous System written by Jean Lauder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapidly expanding fields of molecular and cellular neurobiology are the newest frontiers of neuroscience. This book represents the continuing efforts of the Institute of Developmental Neuroscience and Aging (IDNA) to disseminate the most recent advances on the developing and aging nervous system at the molecular and cellular levels. A group of neuroscientists presented and discussed their findings at a recent IDNA conference held in Athens, Greece, June 15-18, 1988. This meeting was sponsored by the National Hellenic Research Foundation, FIDIA, the Ministry of Research and Technology, the Tourism Organization of Greece, and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH. The Directors of the IDNA are grateful to the local committee, Drs. Eleni Fleischer, Costas Sekeris, Michael Alexis, Theony Valcana, and Elias Kouvelas, for their efforts in organizing this meeting and for their successful integration of science and culture for the participants. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the information presented at this conference, including in-depth discussions of each topic by the participants. The chapters are grouped into five general categories which correspond to the subject areas covered during the meeting. These include: Gene and Phenotypic Expression, Growth Factors and Oncogenes, Cytoskeletal and Extracellular Molecules, Neurotransmitters and Hormones, and Molecular Aspects of Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. The section on Gene and Phenotypic Expression includes discussions of transient gene expression in the nervous system (Herschman), developmental regulation of myelin-associated genes (Gordon et al.
Book Synopsis Models, Molecules and Mechanisms in Biogerontology by : Pramod C. Rath
Download or read book Models, Molecules and Mechanisms in Biogerontology written by Pramod C. Rath and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with aging. It comprehensively describes the genetic, epigenetic, biochemical and metabolic regulation of aging, as well as some important age-related diseases. Divided into two major sections, it takes readers through the various aspects of aging in a story-like manner and suggests various interventions for healthy aging, such as dietary restriction, regular exercise, nutrition and maintaining a balanced and a non-stressful lifestyle. It describes the implications of aging on the nervous system, metabolism, immunity and stem cells as well as care for the elderly. The book is an ideal companion for both new and established researchers in the field and is also useful for educators, clinicians and policy makers.
Book Synopsis The Aging Mind by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Aging Mind written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-04-18 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Possible new breakthroughs in understanding the aging mind that can be used to benefit older people are now emerging from research. This volume identifies the key scientific advances and the opportunities they bring. For example, science has learned that among older adults who do not suffer from Alzheimer's disease or other dementias, cognitive decline may depend less on loss of brain cells than on changes in the health of neurons and neural networks. Research on the processes that maintain neural health shows promise of revealing new ways to promote cognitive functioning in older people. Research is also showing how cognitive functioning depends on the conjunction of biology and culture. The ways older people adapt to changes in their nervous systems, and perhaps the changes themselves, are shaped by past life experiences, present living situations, changing motives, cultural expectations, and emerging technology, as well as by their physical health status and sensory-motor capabilities. Improved understanding of how physical and contextual factors interact can help explain why some cognitive functions are impaired in aging while others are spared and why cognitive capability is impaired in some older adults and spared in others. On the basis of these exciting findings, the report makes specific recommends that the U.S. government support three major new initiatives as the next steps for research.
Book Synopsis Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury by : Daniel Laskowitz
Download or read book Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme
Book Synopsis Molecular Mechanisms of Aging by : Konrad Beyreuther
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Aging written by Konrad Beyreuther and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development and Aging in the Nervous System by : Morris Rockstein
Download or read book Development and Aging in the Nervous System written by Morris Rockstein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development and Aging in the Nervous System covers the proceedings of a series of symposia by the same title, held at the University of Miami Training Program in Cellular Aging on February 19-20, 1973. This book is composed of 11 chapters that specifically consider aging in its total sense, from embryonic development through senescence of a vital organ system of the body. The introductory chapters review the age changes in the neuronal microenvironment and the regulative mechanism of neuronal death in cell number control in the nervous system. The next chapters deal with the neuronal degeneration in aging mammals, the selected changes in the developing postnatal rat, and the trophic influences in the mammalian central nervous system. These topics are followed by discussions of the genesis of neuronal locus specificity, the vertebrate brain aging, and the neurochemical patterns in the developing and aging brain. The remaining chapters describe the mechanisms of enzymatic differentiation in the brain and in cultured cells and the monoamine metabolism in the aging male mouse. This book will prove useful to development and cell biologists, researchers, and advance students.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology by : Abel Lajtha
Download or read book Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology written by Abel Lajtha and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-06-06 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nervous system is highly fragile, especially during aging, illness and trauma. This book addresses a small sampling of major constituents of neural function at the cellular and molecular level that play crucial roles in development and aging.
Book Synopsis Molecular Mechanisms of the Aging Process and Rejuvenation by : Naofumi Shiomi
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of the Aging Process and Rejuvenation written by Naofumi Shiomi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-08-31 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous studies had been performed to elucidate the mechanisms of aging and to achieve rejuvenation, with some success reported in recent years. However, at present, the findings from those studies are not sufficient to resolve the issue of aging. This book presents an overview of recent topics on cellular aging and rejuvenation. In the early chapters, the molecular mechanisms of aging via the activities of clock and ion channel proteins, in addition to overall aspects, are discussed. In the latter part, the aging of the skin, immune system, and brain is discussed. This book will prove useful for those studying or developing new drugs to counter the aging process and will encourage the development of novel ideas for rejuvenation.
Book Synopsis Neuronal Inputs and Outputs of Aging and Longevity by : Joy Alcedo
Download or read book Neuronal Inputs and Outputs of Aging and Longevity written by Joy Alcedo and published by Frontiers. This book was released on 2013-08-23 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An animal’s survival strongly depends on its ability to maintain homeostasis in response to the changing quality of its external and internal environments. This is achieved through intercellular communication not only within a single tissue but also among different tissues and organ systems. Thus, alterations in tissue-to-tissue or organ-to-organ communications, which are under genetic regulation, can affect organismal homeostasis, and consequently impact the aging process. One of the organ systems that play a major role in maintaining homeostasis is the nervous system. Considering that the nervous system includes the sensory system, which perceives the complexity of an animal’s environment, it should be no surprise that there would be a sensory influence on homeostasis and aging. To promote homeostasis, any given sensory information is transmitted through short-range signals via neural circuits and/or through long-range endocrine signals to target tissues, which may in turn be neuronal or non-neuronal in nature. At the same time, since homeostasis involves a number of feedback mechanisms, non-neuronal tissues can also modulate sensory and other neuronal functions. Several genes that regulate signaling pathways known to affect homeostasis and aging have been shown to act in neurons, in tissues that are likely downstream targets of the nervous system, or through feedback regulation of neuronal activities. These genes can have different temporal requirements: some might function early, e.g., by affecting neural development, while others may only be required later in adulthood. Some well-known examples of genes involved in the neuronal regulation of homeostasis and longevity encode components of the evolutionarily conserved nutrient-sensing insulin/insulin-like signaling pathway, the stress-sensing internal repair system, and the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Indeed, the genetic perturbation of these pathways has been found to lead to numerous diseases, many of which are age-related and involve the nervous system, such as neurodegeneration and the metabolic syndrome. Despite much progress, however, many aspects of the neuronal inputs and outputs that affect aging and longevity are poorly understood to date. For example, the precise neuronal and non-neuronal circuitries and the details of the molecular mechanisms through which genes/signaling pathways maintain homeostasis and affect aging in response to the environment remain to be elucidated. Similarly, it is presently unclear whether genes that regulate the early development of the nervous system and its consequent circuitry influence homeostasis and longevity during adulthood. At the same time, although many genes affecting aging are conserved, both the nervous system and the aging process are highly variable within populations and among taxa. Accordingly, the role of natural genetic variation in shaping the neurobiology of aging is also presently unknown. The aim of this Research Topic is therefore to highlight the genetic, developmental, and physiological aspects of the signaling networks that mediate the neuronal inputs and outputs that are required to maintain organismal homeostasis. The elucidation of the effects of these neuronal activities on homeostasis may thus provide much-needed insight into mechanisms that affect aging and longevity.
Book Synopsis The Molecular and Cellular Basis of Neurodegenerative Diseases by : Michael S. Wolfe
Download or read book The Molecular and Cellular Basis of Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Michael S. Wolfe and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Molecular and Cellular Basis of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Underlying Mechanisms presents the pathology, genetics, biochemistry and cell biology of the major human neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, frontotemporal dementia, ALS, Huntington’s, and prion diseases. Edited and authored by internationally recognized leaders in the field, the book's chapters explore their pathogenic commonalities and differences, also including discussions of animal models and prospects for therapeutics. Diseases are presented first, with common mechanisms later. Individual chapters discuss each major neurodegenerative disease, integrating this information to offer multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms that diseases may have in common. This book provides readers with a timely update on this rapidly advancing area of investigation, presenting an invaluable resource for researchers in the field. Covers the spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases and their complex genetic, pathological, biochemical and cellular features Focuses on leading hypotheses regarding the biochemical and cellular dysfunctions that cause neurodegeneration Details features, advantages and limitations of animal models, as well as prospects for therapeutic development Authored by internationally recognized leaders in the field Includes illustrations that help clarify and consolidate complex concepts
Book Synopsis Metal-Based Neurodegeneration by : Robert Crichton
Download or read book Metal-Based Neurodegeneration written by Robert Crichton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-09-04 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurodegenerative diseases of the human brain appear in various forms, resulting in disorders of movement and coordination, cognitive deterioration and psychiatric disturbances. Many of the key factors leading to neurodegenerative diseases are similar, including the dysfunction of metal ion homeostasis, redox-active metal ions generating oxidative stress, and intracellular inclusion bodies. Metal-based Neurodegeneration presents a detailed survey of the molecular origins of neurodegenerative diseases. Each chapter is dedicated to a specific disease, presenting the latest scientific findings, including details of their biochemical actors (proteins or peptides), their normal and pathological conformations, and a description of the diseases characteristics, with an emphasis on the role of metal-induced oxidative stress, which can result in the production of intracellular aggregates of target proteins and peptides. Topics covered include: Brain function, physiology and the blood-brain barrier Immune system and neuroinflammation Aging and mild cognitive impairment, MCI Parkinson’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease Creutzfelt-Jakob and related prion diseases Alcoholic Brain Damage Therapeutic strategies to combat the onset and progression of neurological diseases This extensively updated, full colour, second edition of Metal-based Neurodegeneration is an essential text for research scientists and clinicians working in gerontology, neuropathology, neurochemistry, and metalloprotein mechanisms.
Book Synopsis The Future of Human Healthspan by : The National Academies
Download or read book The Future of Human Healthspan written by The National Academies and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-04-24 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An individual's healthspan can be defined as the length of time an individual is able to maintain good health. In 2007, over one hundred experts and researchers from public and private institutions across the nation convened to find new ways of addressing the human healthspan and the elusive nature of aging. Experts in public health, bioengineering, neuroscience and gerontology discussed how stress and lifestyle influence the decline of health at older ages. Other discussions focused on the integration of technology in the quality of life, gerontology, regenerative medicine and life expectancy with regard to social and behavioral traits. Still, other groups explored topics such as the cellular and molecular mechanisms of biological aging, the effects of exercise on the human healthspan, and changes in social context to enhance functional status of the elderly. Most importantly, experts agreed that it was imperative to ensure that the elderly have access to medical services by establishing relationships with health care and insurance providers.
Book Synopsis Aging and Age-related Disorders: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies by : Vladimir Titorenko
Download or read book Aging and Age-related Disorders: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapies written by Vladimir Titorenko and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aging of unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic organisms is a convoluted biological phenomenon, which is manifested as an age-related functional decline caused by progressive dysregulation of certain cellular and organismal processes. Many chronic diseases are associated with human aging. These aging-associated diseases include cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases (including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases), and many forms of cancer. Studies in yeast, roundworms, fruit flies, fishes, mice, primates, and humans have provided evidence that the major aspects and basic mechanisms of aging and aging-associated pathology are conserved across phyla. The focus of this International Journal of Molecular Sciences Special Issue is on molecular and cellular mechanisms, diagnostics, and therapies and diseases of aging. Fifteen original research and review articles in this Special Issue provide important insights into how various genetic, dietary, and pharmacological interventions can affect certain longevity-defining cellular and organismal processes to delay aging and postpone the onset of age-related pathologies in evolutionarily diverse organisms. These articles outline the most important unanswered questions and directions for future research in the vibrant and rapidly evolving fields of mechanisms of biological aging, aging-associated diseases, and aging-delaying therapies.
