Causation Chance And Credence

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Causation, Chance and Credence

Author : B. Skyrms
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400928637
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Causation, Chance and Credence by : B. Skyrms

Download or read book Causation, Chance and Credence written by B. Skyrms and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers collected here are, with three exceptions, those presented at a conference on probability and causation held at the University of California at Irvine on July 15-19, 1985. The exceptions are that David Freedman and Abner Shimony were not able to contribute the papers that they presented to this volume, and that Clark Glymour who was not able to attend the conference did contribute a paper. We would like to thank the National Science Foundation and the School of Humanities of the University of California at Irvine for generous support. WILLIAM HARPER University of Western Ontario BRIAN SKYRMS University of California at Irvine VII INTRODUCTION TO CAUSATION, CHANCE, AND CREDENCE The search for causes is so central to science that it has sometimes been taken as the defining attribute of the scientific enterprise. Yet even after twenty-five centuries of philosophical analysis the meaning of "cause" is still a matter of controversy, among scientists as well as philosophers. Part of the problem is that the servicable concepts of causation built out of Necessity, Sufficiency, Locality, and Temporal Precedence were constructed for a deterministic world-view which has been obsolete since the advent of quantum theory. A physically credible theory of causation must be, at basis, statistical. And statistical analyses of caus ation may be of interest even when an underlying deterministic theory is assumed, as in classical statistical mechanics.

Causation, Chance, and Credence

Author : Brian Skyrms
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Causation, Chance, and Credence by : Brian Skyrms

Download or read book Causation, Chance, and Credence written by Brian Skyrms and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Beyond Chance and Credence

Author : Wayne C. Myrvold
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198865090
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Beyond Chance and Credence by : Wayne C. Myrvold

Download or read book Beyond Chance and Credence written by Wayne C. Myrvold and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beyond Chance and Credence introduces a new way of thinking of probabilities in science that combines physical and epistemic considerations. Myrvold shows that conceiving of probabilities in this way solves puzzles associated with the use of probability and statistical mechanics.

The Facts of Causation

Author : D.H. Mellor
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134860331
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis The Facts of Causation by : D.H. Mellor

Download or read book The Facts of Causation written by D.H. Mellor and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everything we do relies on causation. We eat and drink because this causes us to stay alive. Courts tell us who causes crimes, criminology tell us what causes people to commit them. D.H. Mellor shows us that to understand the world and our lives we must understand causation. The Facts of Causation, now available in paperback, is essential reading for students and for anyone interested in reading one of the ground-breaking theories in metaphysics. We cannot understand the world and our place in it without understanding causation. Yet a complete account of the nature and implications of causation does not exist. D.H Mellor's new book is that account.

Probability, Dynamics and Causality

Author : D. Costantini
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940115712X
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability, Dynamics and Causality by : D. Costantini

Download or read book Probability, Dynamics and Causality written by D. Costantini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a collection of essays on various issues in philosophy of science, with special emphasis on the foundations of probability and statistics, and quantum mechanics. The main topics, addressed by some of the most outstanding researchers in the field, are subjective probability, Bayesian statistics, probability kinematics, causal decision making, probability and realism in quantum mechanics.

Causation, Coherence and Concepts

Author : W. Spohn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402054742
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Causation, Coherence and Concepts by : W. Spohn

Download or read book Causation, Coherence and Concepts written by W. Spohn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-14 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this collection I present 16 of my, I feel, more substantial papers on theoretical philosophy, 12 as originally published, one co-authored with Ulrike Haas-Spohn (Chapter14), one (Chapter 15) that was a brief conference commentary, but is in fact a suitable appendix to Chapter 14, one as a translation of a German paper (Chapter 12), and one newly written for this volume (Chapter 16), which, however, is only my recent attempt to properly and completely express an argument I had given in two earlier papers. I gratefully acknowledge permission of reprint from the relevant publishers at the beginning of each paper. In disciplinary terms the papers cover epistemology, general philosophy of science, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind. The section titles Belief, Causation, Laws, Coherence, and Concepts and the paper titles give a more adequate impression of the topics dealt with. The papers are tightly connected. I feel they might be even read as unfolding a program, though this program was never fully clear in my mind and still isn’t. In the Introduction I attempt to describe what this program might be, thus drawing a reconstructed red thread, or rather two red threads, through all the papers. This will serve, at the same time, as an overview over the papers collected.

Probabilistic Causality in Longitudinal Studies

Author : Mervi Eerola
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461226848
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)

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Book Synopsis Probabilistic Causality in Longitudinal Studies by : Mervi Eerola

Download or read book Probabilistic Causality in Longitudinal Studies written by Mervi Eerola and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many applied fields of statistics the concept of causality is central to a scientific investigation. The author's aim in this book is to extend the classical theories of probabilistic causality to longitudinal settings and to propose that interesting causal questions can be related to causal effects which can change in time. The proposed prediction method in this study provides a framework to study the dynamics and the magnitudes of causal effects in a series of dependent events. Its usefulness is demonstrated by the analysis of two examples both drawn from biomedicine, one on bone marrow transplants and one on mental hospitalization. Consequently, statistical researchers and other scientists concerned with identifying causal relationships will find this an interesting and new approach to this problem.

Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes

Author : J. George Shanthikumar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461551919
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes by : J. George Shanthikumar

Download or read book Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes written by J. George Shanthikumar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applied Probability and Stochastic Processes is an edited work written in honor of Julien Keilson. This volume has attracted a host of scholars in applied probability, who have made major contributions to the field, and have written survey and state-of-the-art papers on a variety of applied probability topics, including, but not limited to: perturbation method, time reversible Markov chains, Poisson processes, Brownian techniques, Bayesian probability, optimal quality control, Markov decision processes, random matrices, queueing theory and a variety of applications of stochastic processes. The book has a mixture of theoretical, algorithmic, and application chapters providing examples of the cutting-edge work that Professor Keilson has done or influenced over the course of his highly-productive and energetic career in applied probability and stochastic processes. The book will be of interest to academic researchers, students, and industrial practitioners who seek to use the mathematics of applied probability in solving problems in modern society.

Causality and Causal Modelling in the Social Sciences

Author : Federica Russo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402088175
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Causality and Causal Modelling in the Social Sciences by : Federica Russo

Download or read book Causality and Causal Modelling in the Social Sciences written by Federica Russo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-18 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This investigation into causal modelling presents the rationale of causality, i.e. the notion that guides causal reasoning in causal modelling. It is argued that causal models are regimented by a rationale of variation, nor of regularity neither invariance, thus breaking down the dominant Human paradigm. The notion of variation is shown to be embedded in the scheme of reasoning behind various causal models. It is also shown to be latent – yet fundamental – in many philosophical accounts. Moreover, it has significant consequences for methodological issues: the warranty of the causal interpretation of causal models, the levels of causation, the characterisation of mechanisms, and the interpretation of probability. This book offers a novel philosophical and methodological approach to causal reasoning in causal modelling and provides the reader with the tools to be up to date about various issues causality rises in social science.

The Place of Probability in Science

Author : Ellery Eells
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048136156
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis The Place of Probability in Science by : Ellery Eells

Download or read book The Place of Probability in Science written by Ellery Eells and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-08 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science aims at the discovery of general principles of special kinds that are applicable for the explanation and prediction of the phenomena of the world in the form of theories and laws. When the phenomena themselves happen to be general, the principlesinvolved assume the form of theories; and when they are p- ticular, they assume the form of general laws. Theories themselves are sets of laws and de nitions that apply to a common domain, which makes laws indispensable to science. Understanding science thus depends upon understanding the nature of theories and laws, the logical structure of explanations and predictions based upon them, and the principles of inference and decision that apply to theories and laws. Laws and theories can differ in their form as well as in their content. The laws of quantum mechanics are indeterministic (or probabilistic), for example, while those of classical mechanics are deterministic (or universal) instead. The history of science re ects an increasing role for probabilities as properties of the world but also as measures of evidential support and as degrees of subjective belief. Our purpose is to clarify and illuminate the place of probability in science.

Chance in the World

Author : Carl Hoefer
Publisher : Oxford Studies in Philosophy o
ISBN 13 : 019090741X
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis Chance in the World by : Carl Hoefer

Download or read book Chance in the World written by Carl Hoefer and published by Oxford Studies in Philosophy o. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether something happens randomly, by chance; or from a series of events.

Probability and Causality

Author : J.H. Fetzer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400939973
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability and Causality by : J.H. Fetzer

Download or read book Probability and Causality written by J.H. Fetzer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributions to this special collection concern issues and problems discussed in or related to the work of Wesley C. Salmon. Salmon has long been noted for his important work in the philosophy of science, which has included research on the interpretation of probability, the nature of explanation, the character of reasoning, the justification of induction, the structure of space/time and the paradoxes of Zeno, to mention only some of the most prominent. During a time of increasing preoccupation with historical and sociological approaches to under standing science (which characterize scientific developments as though they could be adequately analysed from the perspective of political movements, even mistaking the phenomena of conversion for the rational appraisal of scientific theories), Salmon has remained stead fastly devoted to isolating and justifying those normative standards distinguishing science from non-science - especially through the vindi cation of general principles of scientific procedure and the validation of specific examples of scientific theories - without which science itself cannot be (even remotely) adequately understood. In this respect, Salmon exemplifies and strengthens a splendid tradi tion whose most remarkable representatives include Hans Reichenbach, Rudolf Carnap and Carl G. Hempel, all of whom exerted a profound influence upon his own development.

Making it Formally Explicit

Author : Gábor Hofer-Szabó
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319554867
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Making it Formally Explicit by : Gábor Hofer-Szabó

Download or read book Making it Formally Explicit written by Gábor Hofer-Szabó and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-18 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects research papers on the philosophical foundations of probability, causality, spacetime and quantum theory. The papers are related to talks presented in six subsequent workshops organized by The Budapest-Kraków Research Group on Probability, Causality and Determinism. Coverage consists of three parts. Part I focuses on the notion of probability from a general philosophical and formal epistemological perspective. Part II applies probabilistic considerations to address causal questions in the foundations of quantum mechanics. Part III investigates the question of indeterminism in spacetime theories. It also explores some related questions, such as decidability and observation. The contributing authors are all philosophers of science with a strong background in mathematics or physics. They believe that paying attention to the finer formal details often helps avoiding pitfalls that exacerbate the philosophical problems that are in the center of focus of contemporary research. The papers presented here help make explicit the mathematical-structural assumptions that underlie key philosophical argumentations. This formally rigorous and conceptually precise approach will appeal to researchers and philosophers as well as mathematicians and statisticians.

Probability and Conditionals

Author : Ellery Eells
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521453592
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (535 download)

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Book Synopsis Probability and Conditionals by : Ellery Eells

Download or read book Probability and Conditionals written by Ellery Eells and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-11-25 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essays on the state of research investigating the relationship between conditionals and conditional probabilities.

Patrick Suppes: Scientific Philosopher

Author : P. Humphreys
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792325529
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (255 download)

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Book Synopsis Patrick Suppes: Scientific Philosopher by : P. Humphreys

Download or read book Patrick Suppes: Scientific Philosopher written by P. Humphreys and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994-09-30 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patrick Suppes is a philosopher and scientist whose contributions range over probability and statistics, mathematical and experimental psychology, the foundations of physics, education theory, the philosophy of language, measurement theory, and the philosophy of science. He has also been a pioneer in the area of computer assisted instruction. In each of these areas, Suppes has provided seminal ideas that in some cases led to shaping the direction of research in the field. The papers contained in this collection were commissioned with the mandate of advancing research in their respective fields rather than retrospectively surveying the contributions that Suppes himself has made. The authors form an interesting mixture of researchers in both formal philosophy of science and science itself all of whom have been inspired by his ideas. To maintain the spirit of constructive dialogue that characterizes Suppes's intellectual style, he has written individual responses to each article. In Volume 1: Probability and Probabilistic Causality, nineteen distinguished philosophers and scientists focus their attention on probabilistic issues. In Part I the contributors explore axiomatic representations of probability theory including qualitative and interval valued probabilities as well as traditional point valued probabilities. Belief structures and the dynamics of belief are also treated in detail. In Part II the rapidly growing field of probabilistic causation is assessed from both formal and empirical viewpoints. For probability theorists, statisticians, economists, philosophers of science, psychologists and those interested in the foundations of mathematical social science. In Volume 2: Philosophy of Physics, Theory Structure, and Measurement Theory, fifteen distinguished philosophers and scientists cover a wide variety of topics. Part III covers issues in quantum theory, geometry, classical mechanics, and computational physics. Part IV explores Suppes's well known set-theoretic account of scientific theories which has served him well throughout his career. Suppes's contributions to measurement theory have been widely used in mathematical psychology and elsewhere, and this material is the subject of Part V. For physicists, logicians, workers in mathematical social sicence, and philosophers of science. In Volume 3: Philosophy of Language and Logic, Learning and Action Theory, fourteen distinguished philosophers and scientists explore issues in the philosophy of language, logic, and philosophical psychology. Suppes's suggestions that quantum theory requires a rethinking of classical logic form a particularly sharp account of that controversial thesis, and Part VI deals with this issue together with topics in the philosophy of language and logic, including relational grammars and anaphora. Part VII deals with issues in psychology, action theory, and robotics, while Part VIII concludes with a general survey of Suppes's views in the philosophy of science. A comprehensive chronological and topical bibliography of Suppes's writings is included in this volume. For philosophers of language, theoretical linguists, logicians, workers in mathematical social sciences, and philosophers of science.

Chance and Temporal Asymmetry

Author : Alastair Wilson
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191654485
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Chance and Temporal Asymmetry by : Alastair Wilson

Download or read book Chance and Temporal Asymmetry written by Alastair Wilson and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-09-04 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chance and Temporal Asymmetry presents a collection of cutting-edge research papers in the metaphysics of science, tackling the perplexing philosophical problems raised by recent progress in the physics and metaphysics of chance and time. How do the probabilities found in fundamental physics and the probabilities of the special sciences relate to one another? Can a constraint on the initial conditions of the universe underwrite the second law of thermodynamics? How does contemporary quantum theory reframe debates over the nature of chance? What grounds do we have for believing in a fundamental direction to time? And how do all these questions connect up? The aim of the volume is both to survey and summarize recent debates about chance and temporal asymmetry and to push them forward. Familiar approaches are subjected to searching new critiques, and bold new proposals are made concerning (inter alia) the semantics of chance-attributions, the justification of the Principal Principle connecting chance and degree of belief, and the source of the temporal asymmetry of human experience. The contributors include world-leading figures in the field, all presenting new work rather than rehashing old ideas, as well as a number of promising junior scholars. A wide-ranging introduction connects the different chapters together, and provides essential background to the debates they take up. Technicality is kept to a minimum and philosophical and conceptual foundations take centre stage. Chance and Temporal Asymmetry sets the agenda for future work on time and chance, which are central to the emerging sub-field of metaphysics of science. It will be indispensable to graduate students and to specialists in metaphysics and philosophy of science.

The Oxford Handbook of Causation

Author : Helen Beebee
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191629464
Total Pages : 816 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Causation by : Helen Beebee

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Causation written by Helen Beebee and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-01-12 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Causation is a central topic in many areas of philosophy. In metaphysics, philosophers want to know what causation is, and how it is related to laws of nature, probability, action, and freedom of the will. In epistemology, philosophers investigate how causal claims can be inferred from statistical data, and how causation is related to perception, knowledge and explanation. In the philosophy of mind, philosophers want to know whether and how the mind can be said to have causal efficacy, and in ethics, whether there is a moral distinction between acts and omissions and whether the moral value of an act can be judged according to its consequences. And causation is a contested concept in other fields of enquiry, such as biology, physics, and the law. This book provides an in-depth and comprehensive overview of these and other topics, as well as the history of the causation debate from the ancient Greeks to the logical empiricists. The chapters provide surveys of contemporary debates, while often also advancing novel and controversial claims; and each includes a comprehensive bibliography and suggestions for further reading. The book is thus the most comprehensive source of information about causation currently available, and will be invaluable for upper-level undergraduates through to professional philosophers.