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Author : G. N. Greaves
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (597 download)
Download or read book Cation Environments and the Mixed Alkali Effects in Silicate Glasses written by G. N. Greaves and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Edward William Tokarsky
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 89 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)
Download or read book Mixed Alkali Effects in Silicate Glasses written by Edward William Tokarsky and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Daniel Kramer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (551 download)
Download or read book Cation Release Behavior from Several Alkali Silicate and Alkali Lead Silicate Glasses written by Daniel Kramer and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bjorn Mysen
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444637095
Total Pages : 722 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)
Download or read book Silicate Glasses and Melts written by Bjorn Mysen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicate Glasses and Melts, Second Edition describes the structure-property-composition relationships for silicate glasses and melts from a geological and industrial perspective. Updated sections include (i) characterization of silicate melt and COHN fluid structure (with and without dissolved silicate components) with pressure, temperature, and redox conditions and responses of structural variables to chemical composition, (ii) determination of solubility and solution mechanisms of COHN volatiles in silicate melts and minerals and of solubility and solution mechanisms of silicate components in COHN fluids, and (iii) effects of very high pressure on structure and properties of melts and glasses. This new book is an essential resource for researchers in a number of fields, including geology, geophysics, geoscience, volcanology, material science, glass science, petrology and mineralogy. - Brings together multidisciplinary research scattered across the scientific literature into one reference, with a focus on silicate melts and their application to natural systems - Emphasizes linking melt properties to melt structure - Includes a discussion of the pros and cons of the use of glass as a proxy for melt structure and properties - Written by highly regarded experts in the field who, among other honors, were the 2006 recipients of the prestigious G.W. Morey award of the American Ceramic Society
Author : J. David Musgraves
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3319937286
Total Pages : 1851 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Glass written by J. David Musgraves and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-08 with total page 1851 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides comprehensive treatment of the current state of glass science from the leading experts in the field. Opening with an enlightening contribution on the history of glass, the volume is then divided into eight parts. The first part covers fundamental properties, from the current understanding of the thermodynamics of the amorphous state, kinetics, and linear and nonlinear optical properties through colors, photosensitivity, and chemical durability. The second part provides dedicated chapters on each individual glass type, covering traditional systems like silicates and other oxide systems, as well as novel hybrid amorphous materials and spin glasses. The third part features detailed descriptions of modern characterization techniques for understanding this complex state of matter. The fourth part covers modeling, from first-principles calculations through molecular dynamics simulations, and statistical modeling. The fifth part presents a range of laboratory and industrial glass processing methods. The remaining parts cover a wide and representative range of applications areas from optics and photonics through environment, energy, architecture, and sensing. Written by the leading international experts in the field, the Springer Handbook of Glass represents an invaluable resource for graduate students through academic and industry researchers working in photonics, optoelectronics, materials science, energy, architecture, and more.
Author : Ronald Van Caporali
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (778 download)
Download or read book Volume Changes in Some Mixed-alkali Silicate Glasses and Their Influence on the Mixed-alkali Effect written by Ronald Van Caporali and published by . This book was released on with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Courtney Marie Calahoo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)
Download or read book Structure-Property Relations of Mixed-Alkali and Ion-Exchange Silicate Glasses written by Courtney Marie Calahoo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improvement of the mechanical properties of glass was undertaken by furthering understanding of the fundamental relationships between composition, structure and mechanical response. Glasses which were known to already have desirable mechanical properties were made and analysed in order to establish correlations between different properties. Ion exchange (IE), where a smaller ion is replaced by a larger ion without subsequent structural relaxation, causes surface compressive stresses which increase strength and scratch resistance significantly. Micro-Raman spectroscopy was employed to directly measure the volumetric negative strain (contraction) and compressive stress as a function of IE processing temperature by observing changes in Raman peaks correlated with Si-O bond lengths and Si-O-Si bond angles. From the Raman data, the strain of the glass network and consequent stress was calculated relative to several reference states. The reference state of relaxed, fully exchanged glass produced results which matched the complex experimental behaviour. The mechanical response of the IE layer was probed using nano-indentation. Stiffness and hardness were measured as a function of distance from the surface and IE temperature. Additionally, elastic recovery and resistance to plastic deformation were determined. Low IE temperatures (which the Raman results indicated contained the most compressive stress) were observed to improve mechanical properties more than higher IE temperatures, likely due to increased thermal relaxation. The mixed-modifier effect (MME), a deviation from additivity when two or more different types of modifying cations are combined, is known to exist in in static, dynamic and mechanical properties. Yet, the underlying mechanism of the MME is poorly understood, thus, a comprehensive study of several mixed-modifier glass series was undertaken to better elucidate the complex relationships between these three categories of properties. The most significant predictor of the MME was the valence(s) of the mixed cations. Furthermore, the MME in conductivity, packing fraction, bulk modulus, hardness and fracture toughness was related to relative cationic field strength and ionic radii. The MME in shear modulus, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio was related to structural connectivity rather than the properties of the modifier cations.
Author : Anthony Manuel Asseiro
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (181 download)
Download or read book The Mixed Alkali Effect in Lithium-sodium-silicate Glasses written by Anthony Manuel Asseiro and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1040 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Journal of Physics A written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on fundamental mathematical and computational methods underpinning physics. Relevant to statistical physics, chaotic and complex systems, classical and quantum mechanics, classical and quantum integrable systems and classical and quantum field theory.
Author : Jingshi Wu
Publisher : Stanford University
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Composition and Temperature Effects on Aluminoborosilicate Glasses Structure and Properties written by Jingshi Wu and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This works studies the effects of compositional and temperature variations on the structure and properties of aluminoborosilicate glasses. Two groups of aluminoborosilicate glasses, one that has lower boron content and another that has higher boron content, have been studied. The structural changes were mainly observed with high-field B-11, Al-27 and Na-23 magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In these glasses, boron is either three-coordinate (BO3) or four-coordinate (BO4); aluminum exists predominately as four-coordinate species, but there is a small amount of five-coordinate aluminum ([5]Al). The compositional study focused on the effect of the cation field strength of the network modifiers on the glass structure by varying the ratio of the two network modifiers, CaO and Na2O. Increasing the ratio of CaO to Na2O dramatically lowers the fraction of four-coordinated boron (N4), increases [5]Al, and increases the fraction of non-bridging oxygens (NBO), which was calculated based on the boron and aluminum structural information. However, variations in these fractions are not linear with respect to the average cation field strength. Na-23 spectra reveal that the ratio of bridging to non-bridging oxygens in the coordination shell of Na+ increases with an increasing ratio of CaO to Na2O in Ca-rich glasses. These changes can be understood by the tendency of higher field strength modifier cations to facilitate the concentration of negative charges on NBO in their local coordination environment, systematically converting BO4 to BO3. The effect of temperature on the structure was studied by two ways: cooling the glass-forming melts at different rates to sample the glass structure at different fictive temperature, and using high-temperature in situ NMR. The abundances of BO3 and NBO increase with increasing fictive temperature, suggesting that the reaction BO4 [logical equivalence] BO3 + NBO shifts to the right with increasing temperature. The observed temperature dependence of the abundance of BO4 species allows us to estimate the enthalpy of reaction, [Delta]H, which is closely related to the amount of NBO in the glass. In situ high-T B-11 MAS NMR was used to observe chemical exchange between BO3 and BO4 species over the timescale of microseconds to seconds. The timescale of BO3/BO4 exchange from NMR data, [lowercase Tau](NMR), appears to be "decoupled" from that of the macroscopic shear relaxation process, [lowercase Tau](s), derived from the viscosity data; however, at higher temperatures, [lowercase Tau](s) approaches [lowercase Tau](NMR). The "decoupling" at lower temperature may be related to intermediate-range compositional heterogeneities, and /or fast modifier cation diffusivities, which trigger "unsuccessful" network exchange events.
Author : Rachel Diana Williams
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (61 download)
Download or read book The Mixed Alkali Effect in Silicate and Borate Glasses written by Rachel Diana Williams and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Adalbert Feltz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Amorphous Inorganic Materials and Glasses written by Adalbert Feltz and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : J. E. Shelby
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (8 download)
Download or read book Internal Friction of Mixed-alkali Silicate Glasses written by J. E. Shelby and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The mixed alkali effect in silicate glasses was examined from internal friction measurements made over the temperature range from -190 to 500°C and at a frequency of 0.4 Hz. Supplemental measurements of the activation energy for the different internal friction peaks, dynamic shear modulus, density, and index of refraction were also made. All measurements were confined to silicate glasses containing mixtures of Li-Na, Li-K, Li-Rb, Li-Cs, Na-K, Na-Rb, Na-Cs, and K-Rb. Rötger's interpretation of the internal friction of mixed-alkali silicate glasses is shown to be incorrect. A previously unreported internal friction peak was observed whenever two different alkali oxides were present simultaneously, The behavior of this peak in the different mixed alkali glasses is more easily correlated with the radius ratio of the two alkali ions present than with the mass ratio. A stress induced alkali ion position interchange is suggested as the probable mechanism responsible for this peak"--Abstract, p. ii.
Author : K.J. Rao
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080518036
Total Pages : 585 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Structural Chemistry of Glasses written by K.J. Rao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-06-26 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural Chemistry of Glasses provides detailed coverage of the subject for students and professionals involved in the physical chemistry aspects of glass research. Starting with the historical background and importance of glasses, it follows on with methods of preparation, structural and bonding theories, and criteria for glass formation including new approaches such as the constraint model. Glass transition is considered, as well as the wide range of theoretical approaches that are used to understand this phenomenon. The author provides a detailed discussion of Boson peaks, FSDP, Polymorphism, fragility, structural techniques, and theoretical modelling methods such as Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulation. The book covers ion and electron transport in glasses, mixed-alkali effect, fast ion conduction, power law and scaling behaviour, electron localization, charged defects, photo-structural effects, elastic properties, pressure-induced transitions, switching behaviour, colour, and optical properties of glasses. Special features of a variety of oxide, chalcogenide, halide, oxy-nitride and metallic gasses are discussed. With over 140 sections, this book captures most of the important and topical aspects of glass science, and will be useful for both newcomers to the subject and the experienced practitioner.
Author : D. Holland
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 558 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (1 download)
Download or read book New Materials and Their Applications 1990, Proceedings of the 2nd INT Symposium on New Materials and Their Applications, University of Warwick, 10-12 April 1990 written by D. Holland and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-11 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conference took the form of one day symposia running in parallel over 3 days organised as follows: Physics of materials forming processes; Tribology of new materials; Processing and properties of ceramic matrix composites; Thin film superconductors; Application of new materials in sensor technology; Glasses and ceramics.
Author : Roderick Guthrie
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323859607
Total Pages : 818 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)
Download or read book Treatise on Process Metallurgy written by Roderick Guthrie and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-01-25 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatise on Process Metallurgy: Volume One, Process Fundamentals provides academics with the fundamentals of the manufacturing of metallic materials, from raw materials into finished parts or products. In these fully updated volumes, coverage is expanded into four volumes, including Process Fundamentals, encompassing process fundamentals, structure and properties of matter; thermodynamic aspects of process metallurgy, and rate phenomena in process metallurgy; Processing Phenomena, encompassing interfacial phenomena in high temperature metallurgy, metallurgical process phenomena, and metallurgical process technology; Metallurgical Processes, encompassing mineral processing, aqueous processing, electrochemical material and energy processes, and iron and steel technology, non-ferrous process principles and production technologies, and more. The work distills the combined academic experience from the principal editor and the multidisciplinary four-member editorial board. Provides the entire breadth of process metallurgy in a single work Includes in-depth knowledge in all key areas of process metallurgy Approaches the topic from an interdisciplinary perspective, providing broad range coverage on topics
Author : Gurram Giridhar
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783659314896
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (148 download)
Download or read book Mixed Alkali Effect in Phosphate Glasses written by Gurram Giridhar and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phosphate glasses have several advantages over conventional silicate and borate glasses due to their superior physical properties such as high thermal expansion coefficient, low melting and softening temperatures, and high ultraviolet transmission for different potential industrial and scientific applications. Phosphate glasses are structurally interesting because they accept a wide range of ion substitution. The PO4 tetrahedrons are linked together with covalent bonding in chains or rings by bridging oxygens. Neighboring phosphate chains are linked together by cross bonding between the metal cations and two non-bridging oxygen atoms of each PO4 tetrahedron. For the Transition Metal ions, the d orbitals are five-fold degenerate. In crystals as well as glasses, the orbital degeneracy is lifted due to the presence of surrounding ligands. This work explains the existence of mixed alkali effect by the bond nature, site symmetry of various first group transition metal ions in a vitreous Phosphate glass network.
