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Catalytic Upgrading Of Biomass Through The Hydrodeoxygenation Hdo Of Bio Oil Derived Model Compounds
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Book Synopsis Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass Through the Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of Bio-oil Derived Model Compounds by : Manish Shetty
Download or read book Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass Through the Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of Bio-oil Derived Model Compounds written by Manish Shetty and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive renewable source for fuels and chemicals. Of the many conversion alternatives, catalytic fast pyrolysis has emerged as an attractive technology to convert biomass into fuel additives and value-added chemicals. Current pyrolysis oils or bio-oils are incompatible with refinery streams due to their high acid, water, and water content. The key roadblock in its commercial exploitation is development of catalytic platforms for selective deoxygenation along with minimum hydrogen consumption and carbon loss. Current catalytic solutions including zeolites, and conventional hydrotreating catalysts employ high hydrogen pressures, leading to aromatic ring hydrogenation, and hydrogen consumption. This thesis focusses on developing fundamental catalytic understanding on cheaper and earth-abundant reducible transition metal oxide catalysts for selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of bio-oil derived model compounds using reactivity, computation and characterization studies. The first section focuses on developing structure-reactivity relationships on bulk and supported MoO3 catalysts for the HDO of lignin-derived model compounds. Characterization reveals that MoO3 undergoes reduction to catalytically inactive MoO2 at a temperature of 673 K, and stabilization of partially reduced MoO3 surface through its partial carburization to oxycarbide phase (MoOxCyHz) at temperatures
Book Synopsis Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading by : Mark Crocker
Download or read book Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading written by Mark Crocker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference to the use of innovative catalysts and processes to turn biomass into value-added chemicals Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading offers detailed descriptions of catalysts and catalytic processes employed in the synthesis of chemicals and fuels from the most abundant and important biomass types. The contributors?noted experts on the topic?focus on the application of catalysts to the pyrolysis of whole biomass and to the upgrading of bio-oils. The authors discuss catalytic approaches to the processing of biomass-derived oxygenates, as exemplified by sugars, via reactions such as reforming, hydrogenation, oxidation, and condensation reactions. Additionally, the book provides an overview of catalysts for lignin valorization via oxidative and reductive methods and considers the conversion of fats and oils to fuels and terminal olefins by means of esterification/transesterification, hydrodeoxygenation, and decarboxylation/decarbonylation processes. The authors also provide an overview of conversion processes based on terpenes and chitin, two emerging feedstocks with a rich chemistry, and summarize some of the emerging trends in the field. This important book: -Provides a comprehensive review of innovative catalysts, catalytic processes, and catalyst design -Offers a guide to one of the most promising ways to find useful alternatives for fossil fuel resources -Includes information on the most abundant and important types of biomass feedstocks -Examines fields such as catalytic cracking, pyrolysis, depolymerization, and many more Written for catalytic chemists, process engineers, environmental chemists, bioengineers, organic chemists, and polymer chemists, Chemical Catalysts for Biomass Upgrading presents deep insights on the most important aspects of biomass upgrading and their various types.
Book Synopsis Thermal Biomass Conversion by : A. V. Bridgwater
Download or read book Thermal Biomass Conversion written by A. V. Bridgwater and published by Cpl Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title presents the results from ThermalNet, which is the latest thermal biomass conversion network to be carried out on a European basis.
Book Synopsis Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals by : Thallada Bhaskar
Download or read book Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals written by Thallada Bhaskar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-02-09 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass, Biofuels, Biochemicals: Lignin Biorefinery discusses the scientific and technical information relating to the structure and physico-chemical characteristics of lignin. The book covers the different processes (biological, thermal and catalytic routes) available for lignin conversion into specialty chemicals or fuels, activity relationships, and how optimized process parameters help establish the feasible size of the commercial plant in a centralized or decentralized model. In addition, the advantages and limitations of different technologies are discussed, considering local energy, chemicals, biopolymers, drug intermediates, activated carbons, and much more. Includes information on the most advanced and innovative processes for lignin conversion Covers information on biochemical and thermo-chemical processes for lignin valorization Provides information on lignin chemistry and its conversion into high value chemicals and fuels Presents a book designed as a text book, not merely a collection of research articles
Book Synopsis Bifunctional Catalysts for Upgrading of Biomass-derived Oxygenates by :
Download or read book Bifunctional Catalysts for Upgrading of Biomass-derived Oxygenates written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deoxygenation is an important reaction in the conversion of biomass-derived oxygenates to fuels and chemicals. A key route for biomass refining involves the production of pyrolysis oil through rapid heating of the raw biomass feedstock. Pyrolysis oil as produced is highly oxygenated, so the feasibility of this approach depends in large part on the ability to selectively deoxygenate pyrolysis oil components to create a stream of high-value finished products. Identification of catalytic materials that are active and selective for deoxygenation of pyrolysis oil components has therefore represented a major research area. One catalyst is rarely capable of performing the different types of elementary reaction steps required to deoxygenate biomass-derived compounds. For this reason, considerable attention has been placed on bifunctional catalysts, where two different active materials are used to provide catalytic sites for diverse reaction steps. Here, we review recent trends in the development of catalysts, with a focus on catalysts for which a bifunctional effect has been proposed. We summarize recent studies of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of pyrolysis oil and model compounds for a range of materials, including supported metal and bimetallic catalysts as well as transition-metal oxides, sulfides, carbides, nitrides, and phosphides. Particular emphasis is placed on how catalyst structure can be related to performance via molecular-level mechanisms. Finally, these studies demonstrate the importance of catalyst bifunctionality, with each class of materials requiring hydrogenation and C-O scission sites to perform HDO at reasonable rates.
Book Synopsis Reaction Pathways and Mechanisms in Thermocatalytic Biomass Conversion II by : Marcel Schlaf
Download or read book Reaction Pathways and Mechanisms in Thermocatalytic Biomass Conversion II written by Marcel Schlaf and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-30 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume II presents the latest advances in catalytic hydrodeoxygenation and other transformations of some cellulosic platform chemicals to high value-added products. It presents the theoretical evaluation of the energetics and catalytic species involved in potential pathways of catalyzed carbohydrate conversion, pathways leading to the formation of humin-based by-products, and thermal pathways in deriving chemicals from lignin pyrolysis and hydrodeoxygenation. Catalytic gasification of biomass under extreme thermal conditions as an extension of pyrolysis is also discussed. Marcel Schlaf, PhD, is a Professor at the Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Canada. Z. Conrad Zhang, PhD, is a Professor at the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
Book Synopsis Catalysis for Renewables by : Gabriele Centi
Download or read book Catalysis for Renewables written by Gabriele Centi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its focus on catalysis and addressing two very hot and timely topics with significant implications for our future lives, this will be a white book in the field. The authority behind this practical work is the IDECAT Network of Excellence, and the authors here outline how the use of catalysis will promote the more extensive use of renewable feedstocks in chemical and energy production. They present the latest applications, their applicability and results, making this a ready reference for researchers and engineers working in catalysis, chemistry, and industrial processes wishing to analyze options, outlooks and opportunities in the field.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenolic Compounds of Importance in Bio-oil Upgrading by : Lei Nie
Download or read book Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenolic Compounds of Importance in Bio-oil Upgrading written by Lei Nie and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nanoporous Catalysts for Biomass Conversion by : Feng-Shou Xiao
Download or read book Nanoporous Catalysts for Biomass Conversion written by Feng-Shou Xiao and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-09-07 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive introduction to the design, synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties of nanoporous catalysts for the biomass conversion With the specter of peak oil demand looming on the horizon, and mounting concerns over the environmental impact of greenhouse gas emissions, biomass has taken on a prominent role as a sustainable alternative fuel source. One critical aspect of the biomass challenge is the development of novel catalytic materials for effective and controllable biomass conversion. Edited by two scientists recognized internationally for their pioneering work in the field, this book focuses on nanoporous catalysts, the most promising class of catalytic materials for the conversion of biomass into fuel and other products. Although various catalysts have been used in the conversion of biomass-derived feedstocks, nanoporous catalysts exhibit high catalytic activities and/or unique product selectivities due to their large surface area, open nanopores, and highly dispersed active sites. This book covers an array of nanoporous catalysts currently in use for biomass conversion, including resins, metal oxides, carbons, mesoporous silicates, polydivinylbenzene, and zeolites. The authors summarize the design, synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties of these nanoporous catalysts for biomass conversions, discussing the features of these catalysts and considering future opportunities for developing more efficient catalysts. Topics covered include: Resins for biomass conversion Supported metal oxides/sulfides for biomass oxidation and hydrogenation Nanoporous metal oxides Ordered mesoporous silica-based catalysts Sulfonated carbon catalysts Porous polydivinylbenzene Aluminosilicate zeolites for bio-oil upgrading Rice straw Hydrogenation for sugar conversion Lignin depolymerization Timely, authoritative, and comprehensive, Nanoporous Catalysts for Biomass Conversion is a valuable working resource for academic researchers, industrial scientists and graduate students working in the fields of biomass conversion, catalysis, materials science, green and sustainable chemistry, and chemical/process engineering.
Book Synopsis Catalysis for Green Energy and Technology by : Samira Bagheri
Download or read book Catalysis for Green Energy and Technology written by Samira Bagheri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-28 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the importance of catalysis for the sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals, focusing primarily on the state-of-the-art catalysts and catalytic processes expected to play a decisive role in the "green" production of fuels and chemicals from biomass. The book also includes general sections exploring the entire chain of biomass production, conversion, environment, economy, and life-cycle assessment.
Book Synopsis Catalytic and Noncatalytic Upgrading of Oils by : Ajay K. Dalai
Download or read book Catalytic and Noncatalytic Upgrading of Oils written by Ajay K. Dalai and published by . This book was released on 2022-02-04 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is about Catalytic and Noncatalytic Upgrading of Oils"--
Book Synopsis Catalytic Conversion of Biomass-derived Compounds to Fuels and Chemicals by : Ron Christopher Runnebaum
Download or read book Catalytic Conversion of Biomass-derived Compounds to Fuels and Chemicals written by Ron Christopher Runnebaum and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the potential routes for production of fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass, fast pyrolysis accompanied by or followed by catalytic upgrading offers excellent potential because the number of conversion steps is small and the processing may be cost effective. Lignin-derived bio-oils can be converted into fuels and aromatic chemicals, with a key processing challenge being the removal of oxygen. The literature of bio-oils conversion is largely lacking in fundamental chemistry, which limits the usefulness of the available data for predicting catalyst performance. To determine a quantitative reaction network, we designed and constructed four identical tubular flow reactor systems with flexibility to produce data at high and at low conversions and with ability to identify and quantify even trace products by GC-MS and GC-FID. Higher conversion data are necessary to determine trace products formed in the conversions of the individual reactants and enable reaction networks that are more detailed than any previously published to be elucidated. Low conversion data are required to determine quantitative kinetics of reactions that lead to the most abundant products. These reactor systems also enabled mass balance closures of greater than 95%. Reaction networks were elucidated to account for the reactions of a group of compounds prototypical of lignin and compounds derived from it, incorporating the representative functional groups, such as aromatic rings and ether linkages--the compounds are anisole, 4-methylanisole, and furan. These reactants are converted in the presence of catalysts representative of important catalyst classes, including solid acid (HY zeolite), supported metal (platinum on [gamma]-Al2O3, Pt/[gamma]-Al2O3), and bifunctional (platinum of SiO2-Al2O3, Pt/SiO2-Al2O3) catalysts. The results show that one of the dominant classes of reactions observed with anisole and 4-methylanisole is transalkylation. When the catalyst was HY zeolite, transalkylation was the only kinetically significant reaction class. Hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, hydrogenolysis (C--O bond cleavage reactions that did not remove oxygen from the organic reactant), and hydrodeoxygenation (C--O bond cleavage reactions that removed oxygen from the organic reactant) were also observed in the conversion of each reactant (anisole, 4-methylanisole, and furan) with the supported-platinum catalysts. The data determine quantitative conversions and selectivities of the products that were formed in relatively high yields at conversions
Book Synopsis Biomass Power for the World by : Wim P. M. van Swaaij
Download or read book Biomass Power for the World written by Wim P. M. van Swaaij and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-04-06 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy from solar radiation, fixated by self-assembling plant structures, creates biomass that is converted to energy carriers fit for application in today's and tomorrow's energy-generating equipment. The central theme of this book is the development of the current largest renewable energy source for efficient applications in modern and developing
Book Synopsis Effect of Support for Ni2P Catalysts on Hydrodeoxygenation of Bio-oil Using Anisole and Guaiacol as Model Compounds by : Pawnprapa Pitakjakpipop
Download or read book Effect of Support for Ni2P Catalysts on Hydrodeoxygenation of Bio-oil Using Anisole and Guaiacol as Model Compounds written by Pawnprapa Pitakjakpipop and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bio-oil from thermal decomposition of biomass consists of a complex composition of oxygen-containing compounds in the form of hydroxyaldehydes, hydroxylketone, sugars and dehydrosugars, carboxylic acids, phenolic compounds, and water. The high oxygen content leads to undesirable properties of the oil. Consequently, bio-oil upgrading process such as hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is required to reduce its oxygen content. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is a hydrotreating process using hydrogen to remove oxygen (heteroatom) out of oxygenated compounds from bio-oil. This work focused on the support effect of Ni2P catalysts on the hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil by using anisole as a model compound following a preliminary screening using guaiacol as a model compound. Mono- and bimetallic metal phosphides were also tested in the preliminary screening on guaiacol HDO. Ni2P shows excellent activity and selectivity to deoxygenated products when compared to other metal phosphides. Subsequently, a series of bulk Ni2P and Ni2P loaded on CeO2, TiO2, and TiO2-CeO2 were prepared. The CeO2, TiO2, and their mixed oxides were synthesized by urea precipitation. The catalytic activities of the prepared catalysts were evaluated in anisole HDO. The support performance of the oxides was compared with commercial low-surface area CeO2 and TiO2 (denoted as CeO2-L and TiO2-L, respectively) and also with SiO2, Al2O3, and activated carbon, which are extensively used as supports in petroleum refineries. Among supported Ni2P catalysts, Ni2P/CeO2 provided the highest conversion of anisole under the same testing conditions. At the same level of conversion, the Ni2P loaded on CeO2 from urea precipitation improved benzene selectivity of 4.2-fold superior to Ni2P/CeO2-L. The results suggested that support tends to exhibit an important role in the hydrodeoxygenation pathway, which significantly influences catalyst performance and product selectivity in hydrodeoxygenation. The catalysts were extensively characterized using XRD, STEM-EDX, N2 adsorption-desorption, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, CO chemisorption, and XPS. TPR characterizations showed that using CeO2 or TiO2-CeO2 as a support makes nickel phosphate easier to reduce. It is likely possible that electron transfer from the conducting band and the surface reduction of metal oxides lower the reduction temperature of nickel phosphate. The XPS revealed the metal-support interaction of nickel with TiO2, CeO2 and TiO2-CeO2 mixed oxides from the binding energy shift of nickel in 2p region. The binding energy of nickel significantly shifts toward lower binding energy for Ni2P/CeO2. STEM-elemental mapping revealed that Ni2P nanoparticles were successfully prepared and uniformly dispersed on CeO2. The well dispersed Ni2P on CeO2 support resulted in smaller crystallite size and higher CO uptake. The Ni2P/CeO2 exhibited the highest activity based on catalyst weight basis compared to the other supports, whereas Ni2P/TiO2-CeO2 (at Ti/Ce molar ratio of 0.98) afforded superior reactivity to Ni2P/CeO2 based on TOF (h-1). The TOF of anisole were in the descending order as follows: Ni2P/Ti0.98Ce0.02O2> Ni2P/TiO2 > Ni2P/CeO2 > bulk Ni2P. The reaction pathways are preferred depending on the properties of supports that provide different product distributions. The relative electron enrichment on the Ni+ site of Ni2P/CeO2 allowed benzene desorption from the catalyst surface after demethoxylation of anisole, whereas the lower electron density on Ni+ of Ni2P/TiO2-CeO2 and the acidity of support promoted the deep hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane as a major product. The role of CeO2 in HDO reaction was investigated at different loading amounts of Ni2P. In this work, Ni loading amount of 1.16 mmol/g exhibits the highest activity and selectivity to benzene. The presence of phenol when Ni2P/Ti2O and Ni2P/TiO2-CeO2 were employed in anisole HDO could be correlated to the acidity of TiO2, which leads to methylation of anisole. Adding a small amount of ceria in TiO2 for Ni2P synergistic improved the TOF and suppressed phenol formation while increasing cyclohexane selectivity. Both Ni2P/CeO2 and Ni2P/TiO2-CeO2 are promising catalysts in anisole HDO for the tunable target products of benzene and cyclohexane, respectively. Ni2P/CeO2 catalyst exhibited high selectivity to benzene while Ni2P/TiO2-CeO2 provided the highest selectivity to cyclohexane.The anisole adsorption on a support, forming an intermediate surface complex, could be a potential approach to enhance the accessible site for a chemical reaction to occur. In situ FT-IR studies were conducted to obtain a better understanding of anisole adsorption at 300C over supported Ni2P catalysts. The result was evident that CeO2 and Ti0.98Ce0.02O2 provide the adsorption site for anchoring anisole molecules, resulting in a catalytic improvement in the anisole HDO of Ni2P.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Conversion of Energy Resources into High Value-Added Products by : José Luis Pinilla
Download or read book Catalytic Conversion of Energy Resources into High Value-Added Products written by José Luis Pinilla and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-09-02 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing active, selective and energy-efficient heterogeneous catalysts is of paramount importance for the production of high value-added products from energy resources in a more sustainable manner. In this Special Issue of Energies, we provide a showcase of the latest progress in the development of cleaner, more efficient processes for the conversion of these feedstocks into valuable fuels, chemicals and energy. Most of the works collected are focused on the conversion of biomass which clearly reflects the paramount importance that the biorefinery concept will play in the years to come.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Processes for The Valorisation of Biomass Derived Molecules by : Francesco Mauriello
Download or read book Catalytic Processes for The Valorisation of Biomass Derived Molecules written by Francesco Mauriello and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-11-22 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decades, inedible lignocellulosic biomasses have attracted significant attention for being abundant resources that are not in competition with agricultural land or food production and, therefore, can be used as starting renewable material for the production of a wide variety of platform chemicals. The three main components of lignocellulosic biomasses are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, complex biopolymers that can be converted into a pool of platform molecules including sugars, polyols, alchols, ketons, ethers, acids and aromatics. Various technologies have been explored for their one-pot conversion into chemicals, fuels and materials. However, in order to develop new catalytic processes for the selective production of desired products, a complete understanding of the molecular aspects of the basic chemistry and reactivity of biomass derived molecules is still crucial. This Special Issue reports on recent progress and advances in the catalytic valorization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin model molecules promoted by novel heterogeneous systems for the production of energy, fuels and chemicals.
Book Synopsis Advances in Hydrotreating for Integrated Biofuel Production by : Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Download or read book Advances in Hydrotreating for Integrated Biofuel Production written by Mohammad Reza Rahimpour and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-07-29 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Hydrotreating for Integrated Biofuel Production covers the recent advances in the upgrading of biomass-obtained products into liquid fuels (also known as biofuels) by hydrotreating processes. By including introductory information, the book covers in detail the identification of hydrotreating processes such as thermocatalytic reactions in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts and hydrogen. Required materials for the development of the process are investigated with consideration of the characteristics of biomass, bio-oil production, upgrading alternatives, hydrotreating alternatives, hydrotreating of different biomass-based materials, hydrodeoxygenation of separated bio-oil compounds, classification of the hydrotreating catalysts, life cycle assessment, and hydrogen production routes. Information regarding the further development of the process is collected to encourage further progress toward a scalable process for biofuel production and the development of a large-scale hydrotreating strategy. Includes detailed descriptions of hydrotreating catalysts Discusses the technical requirements for developing hydrotreating process Illustrates the necessity and importance of biomass resources
