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Catalytic Steam Reforming Of Ethanol Over Rhpd Ceria
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Book Synopsis Catalytic Steam Reforming of Ethanol Over Rh,Pd/Ceria by : Morgan Stephen Scott
Download or read book Catalytic Steam Reforming of Ethanol Over Rh,Pd/Ceria written by Morgan Stephen Scott and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen from ethanol features as one of the renewable, clean, alternative energies technology has increasingly become directed at. Catalytic steam reforming of ethanol produces up 75% hydrogen by volume. This work is devoted to the synthesis, characterisation and testing of a series of catalysts for ethanol steam reforming. These catalysts composed of two transition metals (Rhodium and Palladium) deposited over nanoparticles of cerium oxide as a support.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Production from Steam Reforming of Ethanol Over an Ir/ceria-based Catalyst by : Fagen Wang
Download or read book Hydrogen Production from Steam Reforming of Ethanol Over an Ir/ceria-based Catalyst written by Fagen Wang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the thesis was to analyze the ageing processes and the modifications of an Ir/CeO2catalyst for steam reforming of ethanol. Over a model Ir/CeO2 catalyst, the initial and fast deactivationwas ascribed to ceria surface restructuring and the build-up of intermediates monolayer (acetate,carbonate and hydroxyl groups). In parallel, a progressive and slow deactivation was found to come fromthe structural changes at the ceria/Ir interface linked to Ir sintering and ceria restructuring. Theencapsulating carbon, coming from C2 intermediates polymerization, did not seem too detrimental to theactivity in the investigated operating conditions. By doping ceria with PrOx, the oxygen storage capacityand thermal stability were greatly promoted, resulting in the enhanced activity and stability. The Ir/CeO2catalyst was then modified by changing the shape of ceria. It was found that the shape and therefore thestructure of ceria influenced the activity and stability significantly. A simplified modeling of theseprocesses has contributed to support the new proposals of this work.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Steam Reforming of Ethanol Over Rh, Pd/CeO2 by : Kushani Dineesha Dissanayake
Download or read book Catalytic Steam Reforming of Ethanol Over Rh, Pd/CeO2 written by Kushani Dineesha Dissanayake and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Influence of Nano-architectured CeOx Supports in RhPd/CeO2 for the Catalytic Ethanol Steam Reforming Reaction by :
Download or read book The Influence of Nano-architectured CeOx Supports in RhPd/CeO2 for the Catalytic Ethanol Steam Reforming Reaction written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ethanol steam reforming (ESR) reaction has been tested over RhPd supported on polycrystalline ceria in comparison to structured supports composed of nanoshaped CeO2 cubes and CeO2 rods tailored towards the production of hydrogen. At 650-700 K the hydrogen yield follows the trend RhPd/CeO2-cubes> RhPd/CeO2 -rods> RhPd/CeO2- polycrystalline, whereas at temperatures higher than 800 K the catalytic performance of all samples is similar and close to the thermodynamic equilibrium. The improved performance of RhPd/CeO2-cubes and RhPd/CeO2 -rods for ESR at low temperature is mainly ascribed to higher water-gas shift activity and a strong interaction between the bimetallic - oxide support interaction. STEM analysis shows the existence of RhPd alloyed nanoparticles in all samples, with no apparent relationship between ESR performance and RhPd particle size. X-ray diffraction under operating conditions shows metal reorganization on and ceria crystallographic planes during catalyst activation and ESR, but not on ceria crystallographic planes. The RhPd reconstructing and tuned activation over ceria nanocubes and nanorods is considered the main reason for better catalytic activity with respect to conventional catalysts based on polycrystalline ceria.
Book Synopsis Low Temperature Catalytic Ethanol Conversion Over Ceria-supported Platinum, Rhodium, and Tin-based Nanoparticle Systems by : Eugene Leo Draine Mahmoud
Download or read book Low Temperature Catalytic Ethanol Conversion Over Ceria-supported Platinum, Rhodium, and Tin-based Nanoparticle Systems written by Eugene Leo Draine Mahmoud and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the feasibility of ethanol production in the United States, ethanol has become more attractive as a fuel source and a possible energy carrier within the hydrogen economy. Ethanol can be stored easily in liquid form, and can be internally pre-formed prior to usage in low temperature (200C - 400C) solid acid and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. However, complete electrochemical oxidation of ethanol remains a challenge. Prior research of ethanol reforming at high temperatures (> 400C) has identified several metallic and oxide-based catalyst systems that improve ethanol conversion, hydrogen production, and catalyst stability. In this study, ceria-supported platinum, rhodium, and tin-based nanoparticle catalyst systems will be developed and analyzed in their performance as low-temperature ethanol reforming catalysts for fuel cell applications.
Download or read book Ethanol written by Angelo Basile and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-08-28 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethanol: Science and Engineering reviews the most significant research findings in both ethanol production and utilization. The book's contents are divided into four parts, beginning with an explanation of the chemical reactions involved during the conversion of ethanol to more complex molecules. Other sections focus on various processes and their potential use, the modelling of various chemical processes, and finally, their economic and environmental impact. The book includes the most advanced production processes, new technologies, applications, and the economic role ethanol plays today. The book will be great for researchers and engineers in both academic and industry. The idea of using ethanol as a fuel is one of the most promising options in the arena of alternative fuels because of it versatile use as an intermediate for producing hydrogen via reforming reactions, direct fuel cells feed and/or its production from biomass, which is also considered a sustainable feedstock. Reviews ethanol production methods from biomass Discusses the potential of ethanol as a viable future fuel Includes hydrogen production methods using ethanol in catalytic reforming processes Outlines the various technologies based on ethanol Includes ethanol powered fuel cells
Book Synopsis Ambient Pressure XPS and IRRAS Investigation of Ethanol Steam Reforming on Ni-CeO2(111) Catalysts by :
Download or read book Ambient Pressure XPS and IRRAS Investigation of Ethanol Steam Reforming on Ni-CeO2(111) Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (AP-XPS) and Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (AP-IRRAS) have been used to elucidate the active sites and mechanistic steps associated with the ethanol steam reforming reaction (ESR) over Ni-CeO2(111) model catalysts. Our results reveal that surface layers of the ceria substrate are both highly reduced and hydroxylated under reaction conditions while the small supported Ni nanoparticles are present as Ni0/NixC. A multifunctional, synergistic role is highlighted in which Ni, CeOx and the interface provide an ensemble effect in the active chemistry that leads to H2. Ni0 is the active phase leading to both C-C and C-H bond cleavage in ethanol and it is also responsible for carbon accumulation. On the other hand, CeOx is important for the deprotonation of ethanol/water to ethoxy and OH intermediates. The active state of CeOx is a Ce3+(OH)x compound that results from extensive reduction by ethanol and the efficient dissociation of water. Additionally, we gain an important insight into the stability and selectivity of the catalyst by its effective water dissociation, where the accumulation of surface carbon can be mitigated by the increased presence of surface OH groups. As a result, the co-existence and cooperative interplay of Ni0 and Ce3+(OH)x through a metal-support interaction facilitate oxygen transfer, activation of ethanol/water as well as the removal of coke.
Book Synopsis Effect of Ceria on Cu-Zn-Alumina Catalyst for Oxidative Steam Reforming of Methanol by : K. K. Pant
Download or read book Effect of Ceria on Cu-Zn-Alumina Catalyst for Oxidative Steam Reforming of Methanol written by K. K. Pant and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanistic Insights of Ethanol Steam Reforming Over Ni-CeO X (111) by :
Download or read book Mechanistic Insights of Ethanol Steam Reforming Over Ni-CeO X (111) written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have studied the reaction of ethanol and water over Ni-CeO2-x(111) model surfaces to elucidate the mechanistic steps associated with the ethanol steam reforming (ESR) reaction. Our results provide insights about the importance of hydroxyl groups to the ESR reaction over Ni-based catalysts. Systematically, we have investigated the reaction of ethanol on Ni-CeO2-x(111) at varying Ce3 concentrations (CeO1.8-2.0) with absence/presence of water using a combination of soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (sXPS) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). Consistent with previous reports, upon annealing, metallic Ni formed on reduced ceria while NiO was the main component on fully oxidized ceria. Ni0 is the active phase leading to both the C-C and C-H cleavage of ethanol but is also responsible for carbon accumulation or coking. We have identified a Ni3C phase that formed prior to the formation of coke. At temperatures above 600K, the lattice oxygen from ceria and the hydroxyl groups from water interact cooperatively in the removal of coke, likely through a strong metal-support interaction between nickel and ceria that facilitates oxygen transfer.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Production Technologies by : Mehmet Sankir
Download or read book Hydrogen Production Technologies written by Mehmet Sankir and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive practical review of the new technologies used to obtain hydrogen more efficiently via catalytic, electrochemical, bio- and photohydrogen production. Hydrogen has been gaining more attention in both transportation and stationary power applications. Fuel cell-powered cars are on the roads and the automotive industry is demanding feasible and efficient technologies to produce hydrogen. The principles and methods described herein lead to reasonable mitigation of the great majority of problems associated with hydrogen production technologies. The chapters in this book are written by distinguished authors who have extensive experience in their fields, and readers will have a chance to compare the fundamental production techniques and learn about the pros and cons of these technologies. The book is organized into three parts. Part I shows the catalytic and electrochemical principles involved in hydrogen production technologies. Part II addresses hydrogen production from electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) by decomposing organic compound into hydrogen in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). The final part of the book is concerned with photohydrogen generation. Recent developments in the area of semiconductor-based nanomaterials, specifically semiconductor oxides, nitrides and metal free semiconductor-based nanomaterials for photocatalytic hydrogen production are extensively discussed.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Production from Oxidative Steam Reforming Reaction of Ethanol Over the Catalysts with a Pyrochlore Structure by : Chi-Shen Lee
Download or read book Hydrogen Production from Oxidative Steam Reforming Reaction of Ethanol Over the Catalysts with a Pyrochlore Structure written by Chi-Shen Lee and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Catalysts for Steam Reforming of Ethanol in a Catalytic Wall Reactor by : José Antonio Torres Rivero
Download or read book Catalysts for Steam Reforming of Ethanol in a Catalytic Wall Reactor written by José Antonio Torres Rivero and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Catalytic Performance at Low Activating Temperature on Oxidative Steam Reforming of Ethanol Over Y2Ce2O7 Based Pyrochlore Materials by : Yun-Sheng Chen
Download or read book Catalytic Performance at Low Activating Temperature on Oxidative Steam Reforming of Ethanol Over Y2Ce2O7 Based Pyrochlore Materials written by Yun-Sheng Chen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Steam Reforming of Ethanol Over Sol-gel-synthesized Mixed Oxide Catalysts by :
Download or read book Steam Reforming of Ethanol Over Sol-gel-synthesized Mixed Oxide Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depletion in the reserves of fossil fuels, inefficient energy production from these fuels and the negative effect of their usage on atmosphere, and thereby, on human health have accelerated researches on clean energy. Hydrogen produced from ethanol when used in fuel cells not only generates efficient energy but also creates a closed carbon cycle in nature. ZnO and Cu/ZnO catalysts are known with their superior performance in alcohol synthesis. From the principle of microkinetic reversibility they are expected to be superior catalysts for the steam reforming reaction of ethanol as well. ZnO catalysts can be modified by precious, Pd, or non-precious, Cu, metals to enhance hydrogen desorption capability, and dispersed on SiO2 for high surface areas via sol-gel technique. Steam reforming tests over ZnO catalysts revealed that they act only as ethanol dehydrogenation catalysts in the temperature range of 300-500C. Promotion with Pd or Cu decreased hydrogen selectivity due most probably to unreachable closed pores of the catalysts. Autothermal reforming tests over both ZnO/SiO2 and Co/SBA-15 catalysts, on the other hand, gave rise to the formation of several side products.
Book Synopsis Catalysts for Steam Reforming of Ethanol in a Catalytic Wall Reactor by : José Antonio Torres Rivero
Download or read book Catalysts for Steam Reforming of Ethanol in a Catalytic Wall Reactor written by José Antonio Torres Rivero and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Final Report for "Investigation of Reaction Networks and Active Sites in Bio-ethanol Steam Reforming Over Co-based Catalysts" with All Publications Attached by :
Download or read book Final Report for "Investigation of Reaction Networks and Active Sites in Bio-ethanol Steam Reforming Over Co-based Catalysts" with All Publications Attached written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This was a university-based research project in support of distributed reforming production technologies for hydrogen. Our objective was to examine the steam reforming of bio-ethanol and other related bio-derived liquids over non-precious metal catalyst systems to enable small-scale distributed hydrogen production technologies from renewable sources. The study targeted development of a catalytic system that does not rely on precious metals and that can be active in the 350-550 C temperature range, with high selectivity and high stability. To this end, we adopted a multi-prong research strategy, that included catalyst formulation and synthesis, detailed catalyst characterization, reaction kinetics and reaction engineering, molecular modeling and economic analysis studies. Our approach was an iterative one, where the knowledge gained in one aspect of the study was utilized to modify and fine-tune catalyst development. The research addressed many fundamental and inter-related phenomena involved in the catalytic steam reforming of ethanol that may not be readily studied in an industrial development setting. The outcome of the project was a catalytic system that was able to meet the DOE targets in hydrogen production, with high H2 yield, high selectivity and stability that could perform efficiently in the 350-550 C temperature range. In addition, we were able to answer many fundamental questions about the catalytic systems that could easily be translated to other catalytic systems. The study resulted in 14 refereed journal articles, with one more in preparation. The results were also shared broadly at many different national and international forums such as conferences of the American Chemical Society, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, North American Catalysis Society, International Congress on Catalysis and International Conference on Catalysis for Renewable Sources. There were 30 presentations given at various national and international meetings. The P.I. was also invited to give 11 lectures on the findings from this study at many universities and research centers in the USA and other countries. The knowledge base acquired through this study is expected to bring industry closer to designing catalytic systems that can be tailored for the specific hydrogen production applications, especially for distributed hydrogen production strategies.
Book Synopsis Influence of Ceria and Nickel Addition to Alumina-supported Rhodium Catalyst for Propane Steam Reforming at Low Temperatures by : Yan Li
Download or read book Influence of Ceria and Nickel Addition to Alumina-supported Rhodium Catalyst for Propane Steam Reforming at Low Temperatures written by Yan Li and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work aims to develop a fundamental understanding of the catalyst composition-structure-activity relationships for propane steam reforming over supported Rh catalysts. The work investigates the influence of ceria and nickel additions to alumina-supported Rh catalysts for propane steam reforming at low temperatures using different loading levels for ceria and Ni. An optimum loading is found in terms of reforming activity. In this work, 2 wt% Rh and 5 wt% Ni supported on 20 wt% ceria modified alumina exhibits the highest activity. TPR characterization shows ceria and nickel loading can change both the metal-metal and metal-support interactions. Generally, adding ceria makes rhodium oxide easier to reduce, and the presence of rhodium makes ceria easier to reduce, whereas the addition of nickel makes rhodium oxide more difficult to reduce. FE-SEM and XPS results indicate that ceria is highly dispersed on alumina surfaces with ceria loading of less than 20 wt%. Adjusting ceria and nickel loading can change the nanostructures of catalytically active phases, thus influencing the propane reforming rate of Rh catalysts at low temperatures. A kinetic study at different temperatures (450 - 650 °C) indicates that adding ceria and nickel can greatly increase the propane reforming rates by lowering the activation energies. A kinetic equation based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was applied to Rh-based catalysts. Results at different partial pressures of propane and steam reveal the addition of ceria can enhance steam and propane adsorption, while the addition of Ni can promote propane adsorption, probably through working with Rh as propane adsorption sites. The kinetic study shows the importance of a balance between steam and propane adsorption. Possible active phases on the catalysts are also discussed.
