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Author : Daniel Decroocq
Publisher : Editions TECHNIP
ISBN 13 : 9782710804550
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (45 download)
Download or read book Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Petroleum Fractions written by Daniel Decroocq and published by Editions TECHNIP. This book was released on 1984 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Edward Furimsky
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080549314
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Catalysts for Upgrading Heavy Petroleum Feeds written by Edward Furimsky and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-09-12 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides the most up-to-date information on testing and development of hydroprocessing catalysts with the aim to improve performance of the conventional and modified catalysts as well as to develop novel catalytic formulations. Besides diverse chemical composition, special attention is devoted to pore size and pore volume distribution of the catalysts. Properties of the catalysts are discussed in terms of their suitability for upgrading heavy feeds. For this purpose atmospheric residue was chosen as the base for defining other heavy feeds which comprise vacuum gas oil, deasphalted oil and vacuum residues in addition to topped heavy crude and bitumen. Attention is paid to deactivation with the aim to extent catalyst life during the operation. Into consideration is taken the loss of activity due to fouling, metal deposition, coke formed as the result of chemical reaction and poisoning by nitrogen bases. Mathematical models were reviewed focussing on those which can simulate performance of the commercial operations. Configurations of hydroprocessing reactors were compared in terms of their capability to upgrade various heavy feeds providing that a suitable catalyst was selected. Strategies for regeneration, utilization and disposal of spent hydroprocesing catalysts were evaluated. Potential of the non-conventional hydroprocessing involving soluble/dispersed catalysts and biocatalysts in comparison with conventional methods were assessed to identify issues which prevent commercial utilization of the former. A separate chapter is devoted to catalytic dewaxing because the structure of dewaxing catalysts is rather different than that of hydroprocessing catalysts, i.e., the objective of catalytic dewaxing is different than that of the conventional hydroprocessing, The relevant information in the scientific literature is complemented with the Patent literature covering the development of catalysts and novel reactor configurations.Separate chapter was added to distinguish upgrading capabilities of the residues catalytic cracking processes from those employing hydroprocessing. Upper limits on the content of carbon residue and metals in the feeds which can still be upgraded by the former processes differ markedly from those in the feeds which can be upgraded by hydroprocessing. It is necessary that the costs of modifications of catalytic cracking processes to accommodate heavier feeds are compared with that of hydroprocessing methods.Objective of the short chapter on upgrading by carbon rejecting processes was to identify limits of contaminants in heavy feeds beyond which catalytic upgrading via hydroprocessing becomes uneconomical because of the costs of catalyst inventory and that of reactors and equipment. - Comprehensive and most recent information on hydroprocessing catalysts for upgrading heavy petroleum feeds.- Compares conventional, modified and novel catalysts for upgrading a wide range of heavy petroleum feeds.- Comparison of conventional with non-conventional hydroprocessing, the latter involving soluble/dispersed catalysts and biocatalysts. - Development and comparison of mathematical models to simulate performance of catalytic reactors including most problematic feeds.- Residues upgrading by catalytic cracking in comparison to hydroprocessing.
Author : Serge Raseev
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780203912300
Total Pages : 944 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (123 download)
Download or read book Thermal and Catalytic Processes in Petroleum Refining written by Serge Raseev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-02-26 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text examines the thermal and catalytic processes involved in the refining of petroleum including visbreaking, coking, pyrolysis, catalytic cracking, oligomerization, alkylation, hydrofining, hydroisomerization, hydrocracking, and catalytic reforming. It analyzes the thermodynamics, reaction mechanisms, and kinetics of each process, as well as
Author : J.S. Magee
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080887686
Total Pages : 625 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)
Download or read book Fluid Catalytic Cracking written by J.S. Magee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1993-07-23 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary focus of this book as a whole is on performance - performance of the catalyst, of its surface, of the FCC unit, of the feedstocks employed, of the analytical methods used to characterize the catalysts, and of environmentally directed regulations that govern the production of transportation fuels from petroleum. The emphasis on catalyst performance, particularly commercial performance, essentially dictated that the chapter authors be experienced industrial catalytic chemists and engineers. However, each author approached the task with a clear-cut obligation to connect the roots of the science of FCC catalysis with the technology. Fluid Catalytic Cracking: Science and Technology has been written for workers in industrial catalysis and academia, including graduate students in chemistry or chemical engineering who are interested in acquiring an overall knowledge of one of the world's most important areas of catalysis. The book is concise, each topic is treated briefly; complete, all aspects of FCC catalysis are covered; and clear, anyone involved in this field will find topics of interest.
Author : R. Murray Gray
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 148227762X
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)
Download or read book Upgrading Petroleum Residues and Heavy Oils written by R. Murray Gray and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-04-19 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This useful reference offers in-depth coverage of current techniques for converting heavy oils and residues into more valuable distillates.Examines the chemistry of heavy hydrocarbon feeds and their properties important to engineering design, including phase behavior, reaction kinetics, and thermodynamic and transport characteristics!"
Author : Mohamed A. Fahim
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080931561
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining written by Mohamed A. Fahim and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-11-19 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining presents the fundamentals of thermodynamics and kinetics, and it explains the scientific background essential for understanding refinery operations. The text also provides a detailed introduction to refinery engineering topics, ranging from the basic principles and unit operations to overall refinery economics. The book covers important topics, such as clean fuels, gasification, biofuels, and environmental impact of refining, which are not commonly discussed in most refinery textbooks. Throughout the source, problem sets and examples are given to help the reader practice and apply the fundamental principles of refining. Chapters 1-10 can be used as core materials for teaching undergraduate courses. The first two chapters present an introduction to the petroleum refining industry and then focus on feedstocks and products. Thermophysical properties of crude oils and petroleum fractions, including processes of atmospheric and vacuum distillations, are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4. Conversion processes, product blending, and alkylation are covered in chapters 5-10. The remaining chapters discuss hydrogen production, clean fuel production, refining economics and safety, acid gas treatment and removal, and methods for environmental and effluent treatments. This source can serve both professionals and students (on undergraduate and graduate levels) of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Chemistry, and Chemical Technology. Beginners in the engineering field, specifically in the oil and gas industry, may also find this book invaluable. Provides balanced coverage of fundamental and operational topics Includes spreadsheets and process simulators for showing trends and simulation case studies Relates processing to planning and management to give an integrated picture of refining
Author : D.L. Trimm
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080887007
Total Pages : 621 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)
Download or read book Catalysts in Petroleum Refining 1989 written by D.L. Trimm and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1990-01-22 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings reflect the important role of catalysis in petroleum refining and the effects of factors such as environmental legislation on the industry. They also show the emergence of significant scientific expertise in the Middle East - the cradle of the oil industry. Participants from all over the world took part in the meeting and the book contains a well-balanced selection of articles from both academia and industry. Current trends in the oil industry focused attention mainly on heavy end hydrotreating, but other processes also gained their share of attention. An invaluable feature of the meeting was the two panel discussions where participants took the opportunity to obtain advance on many real and immediate problems.
Author : James G. Speight
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0824742117
Total Pages : 928 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (247 download)
Download or read book The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum written by James G. Speight and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-01-21 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum, Third Edition fully covers the subject, from the underground formation of petroleum to recovery of refined products. The third edition contains additional chapters on the structure of petroleum, refining heavy feedstocks, instability and incompatibility in petroleum products, environmental aspects of refin
Author : Mikhail A. Varfolomeev
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119871476
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (198 download)
Download or read book Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils written by Mikhail A. Varfolomeev and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-09-25 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to a cutting-edge and cost-effective refinement process for heavy oil Oil sufficiently viscous that it cannot flow normally from production wells is called heavy oil and constitutes as much as 70% of global oil reserves. Extracting and refining this oil can pose significant challenges, including very high transportation costs. As a result, processes which produce and partially refine heavy oil in situ, known as catalytic upgrading, are an increasingly important part of the heavy oil extraction process, and the reduced carbon footprint associated with these methods promises to make them even more significant in the coming years. Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils provides a comprehensive introduction to these processes. It introduces the properties and characteristics of heavy and extra-heavy oil before discussing different catalysts and catalyzing processes, their mechanisms and underlying physics, and more. It offers the full sweep of description and analysis required for petroleum and chemical engineers to understand this vital aspect of the modern oil industry. Readers will also find: Detailed discussion of subjects including electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and more Analysis of both liquid catalysts and nanoparticle catalysts A numerical simulation of the catalytic in-situ oil upgrading process Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils is a valuable reference for petroleum and chemical engineers as well as advanced undergraduate and graduate students in related fields.
Author : Steven A. Treese
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783319055459
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (554 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Petroleum Processing written by Steven A. Treese and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James G. Speight
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781560325871
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (258 download)
Download or read book Petroleum Chemistry And Refining written by James G. Speight and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-09-01 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supported by numerous illustrations and references, this book describes the chemistry and physics that occur during the refinery operations, and how the properties of petroleum can be translated into predictability in refinery scenarios. The chapters discuss such topics as: the composition of petroleum, petroleum analysis and evaluation; metals and heteroatoms in petroleum; asphaltenes and the structure of petroleum, thermal chemistry of petroleum constituents; heavy oil upgrading processes; hydrocracking reactions, catalysts, and processes; and instability and incompatibility of petroleum products.
Author : M.L. Occelli
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080531717
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Fluid Catalytic Cracking V written by M.L. Occelli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-04-27 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalyst production for the transformation of crudes into gasoline and other fuel products is a billion dollar/year business and fluid cracking catalysts (FCCs) represent almost half of the refinery catalyst market. During the cracking reactions, the FCC surface is contaminated by metals (Ni, V, Fe, Cu, Na) and by coke deposition. As a result, the catalyst activity and product selectivity is reduced to unacceptable levels thus forcing refiners to replace part of the recirculating equilibrium FCC inventory with fresh FCC to compensate for losses in catalyst performance. About 1,100 tons/day of FCC are used worldwide in over 200 fluid cracking catalyst units (FCCUs). It is for these reasons that refiners' interest in FCC research has remained high through the years almost independantly, of crude oil prices. However, recent oil company mergers and the dissolution of research laboratories, have drastically decreased the number of researchers involved in petroleum refining research projects; as a result the emphasis of research has shifted from new materials to process improvements and this trend is clearly reflected in the type of papers contained in this volume. Modern spectroscopic techniques continue to be essential in the understanding of catalyst performance and several chapters in the book describe the use of 27Al, 29Si and 13C NMR to study variation in FCC acidity during aging and coke deposition. In addition several chapters have been dedicated to the modeling of FCC deactivation, and to the understanding of contact times on FCC performance. Refiners efforts to conform with environmental regulations are reflected in chapters dealing with sulfur removal, metals contaminants and olefin generation.
Author : James G. Speight
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 148227096X
Total Pages : 714 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)
Download or read book Petroleum Refining Processes written by James G. Speight and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-31 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work highlights contemporary approaches to resource utilization and provides comprehensive coverage of technological advances in residuum conversion. It illustrates state-of-the-art engineering methods for the refinement of heavy oils, bitumen, and other high-sulphur feedstocks.
Author : James G. Speight
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203909925
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (39 download)
Download or read book The Desulfurization of Heavy Oils and Residua written by James G. Speight and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-11-05 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Second Edition expands and updates information on the technological aspects of refining heavy oils, residua, bitumen, and other high-sulfur feedstocks. Focuses on the range of next-generation refining processes."
Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080548512
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)
Download or read book Fluid Catalytic Cracking VII: written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1987, the Petroleum Division of the American Chemical Society (ACS) has sponsored at 3 year intervals an international symposium on fluid cracking catalysts (FCC) technology. This volume collects the recent progress of this technology as reported in the papers presented during the 232th National Meeting of the ACS in San Francisco, September 10-14, 2006.Sixty-six years after the introduction of the fluid cracking catalyst process, it remains the main process of gasoline generation for the estimated 237 millions cars on US roads. Catalysts testing and evaluation still remains a subject of interest, debate and controversy. Lambda sweep testing, testing of SOx, NOx and combustion promoters have been discussed in details together with catalyst evaluation for atmospheric residues and metal contaminated oils cracking.Of particular interest has been the introduction of novel concept in process design aimed at improving cracked product selectivity such as two-stage risers for better gasoline and olefins production and downer technology for high severity processes . The importance of solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the study of crude oils, catalysts and reaction products are illustrated by several examples. Two contributions describe the use of predictive methods to understand FCC aging and deactivationand personal overviews of the development of SOx and combustion promoters technology are presented. * Presents findings from the tri-annual international symposium on fluid cracking catalysts (FCC) technology, sponsored by the Petroleum Division of the American Chemical Society (ACS) * Two contributions describe the use of predictive methods to understand FCC aging and deactivation* Personal overviews by the authors of the development of SOx and combustion promoters technology
Author : Wael Yateem
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Environmental Impact of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit in a Petroleum Refining Complex written by Wael Yateem and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit is of great importance in petroleum refining industries as it treats heavy fractions from various process units to produce light ends (valuable products). The FCC unit feedstock consists of heavy hydrocarbon with high sulphur contents and the catalyst in use is zeolite impregnated with rare earth metals i.e. lanthanum and cerium oxides. The catalytic cracking reaction is endothermic and takes place at elevated temperature in a fluidised bed reactor generating sulphur-contaminated coke on the catalyst. In the regenerator, coke is completely burnt producing SO2, particulate matter emissions. The impact of the FCC unit is assessed in the immediate neighborhood of the refinery. Emission inventories for years 2008 and 2009 for both SO2 and PM have been calculated based on real operational data. Comprehensive meteorological data for years 2005 - 2009 are obtained and preprocessed to generate planetary boundary layer parameters using Aermet (Aermod preprocessor). Aermod (US EPA approved dispersion model) is applied to predict ground level concentrations of both pollutants in the selected study area. Model output is validated with the corresponding measured values at discrete receptors. The highest hourly SO2 predicted concentrations for both years 2008 and 2009 exceeded the corresponding Kuwait EPA ambient air standard, mainly due to elevated emission rates and the prevailing calm and other meteorological conditions. The highest daily SO2 predicted concentrations also exceeded the Kuwait EPA allowable limit due to high emission rates, while meteorological parameters influence is dampened. Hourly average predicted PM concentrations showed similar variation into SO2 in different location. The daily average predicted PM concentrations are lower than US EPA specified limit. An extensive parametric study has been conducted using three scenarios, stack diameter, stack height and emission rates. It is noticed that stack diameter has no effect on ground level concentration, as stack exit velocity is a function of the square of stack diameter. With the increase in stack height, the predicted concentrations decrease showing an inverse relation. The influence of the emission rate is linearly related to the computed ground level concentrations SO2 additives are tested for SO2 emissions reduction. In the year 2008, reduction of SO2 annual total emission by 43% results in full compliance with Kuwait EPA hourly specified limit, using an appropriate amount of additives. Similarly, 57% reduction of SO2 annual total emission leads to no exceedance in predicted concentrations for the year 2009. The application of the state of the art technology, ESP has reduced about 90% of PM emissions for the year 2009.
Author : Reza Sadeghbeigi
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0884152898
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (841 download)
Download or read book Fluid Catalytic Cracking Handbook written by Reza Sadeghbeigi and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2000-06-08 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Full text engineering e-book.
