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Catalytic Converter Technology In The Automobile Industry
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Book Synopsis Automobile Catalytic Converters by : Kathleen C. Taylor
Download or read book Automobile Catalytic Converters written by Kathleen C. Taylor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of catalytic converters for the purification of automotive exhaust gases is a relatively new technology which was brought into existence by social pressures for the preservation of acceptable environmental conditions. The majority of catalytic practitioners have been able to watch the growth of this technology from its inception to its current state of sophistication. Automotive catalytic converter technology is now in a mature state, and this chapter from Vol. 5 Catalysis: Science and Technology by Dr. K. C. Taylor provides a review which covers both the process chemistry and the most important converter design factors. Contents 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Emission Regulations in the United States. 3. Exhaust Emission Characteristics. . 3 4. 1981 Emission Control Technology. 5 A. Converters. . . 5 B. Control System. 7 8 ~. Catalyst Screening . 6. Laboratory Testing. .10 7. The Chemical Reactions 13 8. Composition of Three-Way Catalysts. 16 A. Rhodium 17 21 B. Platinum. C. Palladium 22 D. Iridium . 22 23 E. Ruthenium and Nickel. F. Cerium Oxide ..... 23 G. Search for Alternatives to Nohle Metals 24 9. Catalyst Supports . 25 A. Pellets .... 26 B. Monoliths . . 26 10. The Transient Behavior of Three-Way Catalysts 27 II. Deterioration of Three-Way Catalysts. 35 A. Thermal Effects. . . . 35 B. Phosphorus Poisoning. . . 37 C. Lead Poisoning. . . . . . · 38 D. Catalyst Poisoning by Sulfur · 40 12. The 0.4 NO,; Research Objective. · 41 13. Control of Diesel Particulate Emissions.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Converter Technology in the Automobile Industry by : Joseph Mendelsohn
Download or read book Catalytic Converter Technology in the Automobile Industry written by Joseph Mendelsohn and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods for Monitoring and Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters by : M. Sideris
Download or read book Methods for Monitoring and Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters written by M. Sideris and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-06-19 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dramatic evolution of catalytic converters in the last thirty years was a result of a need worldwide to reduce pollution created by the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. Environmental concerns have led American, Japanese and European Union (EU) legislation to pose continuously stricter emission limits for petrol engines in the last decades. The catalytic converter has become the most important means of exhaust treatment to achieve the desired emission limits. The international legislation has also created a need for a regular assessment of the efficiency of the catalytic converter in order to detect a deterioration of its conversion efficiency as soon as this deterioration takes place. The assessment of conversion efficiency of a catalytic converter can take place during normal driving of a vehicle (on-board diagnosis or OBD) or in a workshop by specialized technicians. The most important methods nowadays are the OBD methods. The evolution of methods concerned with OBD and non-OBD monitoring and diagnosing of efficiency of catalytic converters of internal combustion engines is described based on patents and published patent applications. Non-patent references are also used. The basic principles of modern catalytic converters are described in an extensive Introduction, where the importance of monitoring and diagnosing the efficiency of catalytic converters is demonstrated. The book is divided into four parts. The first part describes methods involving the use of oxygen or air/fuel exhaust gas sensors to determine the oxygen storage capacity of a catalytic converter. The second part describes methods involving the use of temperature sensors to determine the exothermic reaction capacity of a catalytic converter. The third part describes all other methods existing in patent literature that monitor and diagnose the efficiency of catalytic converters. The great majority of the methods of the third part involves exhaust gas concentration measurements. The fourth part comprises a general discussion of all methods described. In the beginning of each part, a short introduction is given to explain the problem that the methods attempt to solve. The methods in each part are presented in chronological order per patent applicant. This helps to evaluate how the patent applicant has improved his methods over time. A patent number index with information about the patent applicants, inventors, priorities and patent-families, an inventor index, a company index and a subject index can be found at the end of the book.
Download or read book Cleaner Cars written by J Robert Mondt and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2000-01-28 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book chronicles a 35-year success story - the technology that was developed and the progress that was made to achieve the goal of reducing air pollution from automobiles. "Air pollution from automobiles as of the year 2000 will have been lowered to levels less than 5% of those for pre-control era vehicles," writes author J. Robert Mondt, who spent over 30 years working on the development of emission control systems for automobiles. Mondt covers both the technological and political aspects of this effort, from the early environmental concerns in California to the Clean Air Acts of the 1960s to the introduction of catalytic converters in 1975. He also covers the revised Clean Air Acts of the 1960s to the introduction of catalytic converters in 1975.
Book Synopsis Advanced Catalytic Converters and Substrates for Gasoline Emission Systems by :
Download or read book Advanced Catalytic Converters and Substrates for Gasoline Emission Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collection of papers from the 2001 SAE World Congress, held March 5-8 in Detroit, Michigan. Paper topics include: a comparison of conversion efficiency and flow restriction performance of ceramic and metallic catalyst substrates; application of advanced three-way catalyst technologies on high cell density ultra thin-wall ceramic substrates for future emission legislations; prediction of catalytic performance during light-off phase with different wall thickness, cell density and cell shape; modeling the effect of substrate cell shape on conversion in monolith catalysts; shear strength of cordierite ceramic catalyst supports; suppression of sulfide emission during lean NOx trap desulfation; a non-noble metal based catalytic converter for two-stroke, two-wheeler applications; and an intelligent catalyst.
Book Synopsis NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines by : B. Ashok
Download or read book NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines written by B. Ashok and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NOx Emission Control Technologies in Stationary and Automotive Internal Combustion Engines: Approaches Toward NOx Free Automobiles presents the fundamental theory of emission formation, particularly the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and its chemical reactions and control techniques. The book provides a simplified framework for technical literature on NOx reduction strategies in IC engines, highlighting thermodynamics, combustion science, automotive emissions and environmental pollution control. Sections cover the toxicity and roots of emissions for both SI and CI engines and the formation of various emissions such as CO, SO2, HC, NOx, soot, and PM from internal combustion engines, along with various methods of NOx formation. Topics cover the combustion process, engine design parameters, and the application of exhaust gas recirculation for NOx reduction, making this book ideal for researchers and students in automotive, mechanical, mechatronics and chemical engineering students working in the field of emission control techniques. Covers advanced and recent technologies and emerging new trends in NOx reduction for emission control Highlights the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance parameters Discusses emission norms such as EURO VI and Bharat stage VI in reducing global air pollution due to engine emissions
Book Synopsis Materials Aspects in Automotive Catalytic Converters by : Hans Bode
Download or read book Materials Aspects in Automotive Catalytic Converters written by Hans Bode and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2002-06-10 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MACC 2001 is the successor meeting of the first international conference on Materials Aspects in Automotive Catalytic Converters, MACC '97, and concentrates on the high-temperature mechanical and oxidation behaviour of both metal-supported and ceramic-supported automotive catalysts. The metal-supported catalyst is based on a ferritic steel with 5-8% aluminium, 17-22% chromium and small additions of reactive elements. More than 20,000,000 units were produced in 1999. The ceramic-supported catalytic converter is based on corderite. The production rate of ceramic-supported catalysts is much higher. Both materials have specific advantages and disadvantages which determine the application for a given car model. In addition to these two basic groups of catalytic carriers, the scope of the conference also refers to coating aspects, since the influence of the coating composition is becoming more and more important. The car and car-supplying industries report on their future requirements with respect to performance and service life. Maintaining good performance is mandatory particularly in the view of thinner supports and higher temperatures. Service life predictions, based on modelling and simulation techniques, will depend on reliable materials' data. This volume will therefore be invaluable to all scientists and engineers involved in the design and development of automotive catalysts.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Air Pollution Control by : Ronald M. Heck
Download or read book Catalytic Air Pollution Control written by Ronald M. Heck and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-07 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalytic Air Pollution Control: Commercial Technology is the primary source for commercial catalytic air pollution control technology, offering engineers a comprehensive account of all modern catalytic technology. This Third Edition covers all the new advances in technology in automotive catalyst control technology, diesel engine catalyst control technology, small engine catalyst control technology, and alternate sustainable fuels for auto and diesel.
Book Synopsis Case Study of the Innovation Process Characterizing the Development of the Three-way Catalytic Converter System by : Daniel Dexter
Download or read book Case Study of the Innovation Process Characterizing the Development of the Three-way Catalytic Converter System written by Daniel Dexter and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Issues in Automotive Industry by : Paulina Golinska
Download or read book Environmental Issues in Automotive Industry written by Paulina Golinska and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The automotive industry is one of the most environmental aware manufacturing sectors. Product take-back regulations influence design of the vehicles, production technologies but also the configuration of automotive reverse supply chains. The business practice comes every year closer to the closed loop supply chain concept which completely reuses, remanufactures and recycles all materials. The book covers the emerging environmental issues in automotive industry through the whole product life cycle. Its focus is placed on a multidisciplinary approach. It presents viewpoints of academic and industry personnel on the challenges for implementation of sustainable police in the automotive sector
Book Synopsis The Science and Technology of Materials in Automotive Engines by : Hiroshi Yamagata
Download or read book The Science and Technology of Materials in Automotive Engines written by Hiroshi Yamagata and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-08-29 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The science and technology of materials in automotive engines provides an introductory text on the nature of the materials used in automotive engines. It focuses on reciprocating engines, both four and two stroke, with particular emphasis on their characteristics and the types of materials used in their construction. The book considers the engine in terms of each specific part: the cylinder, piston, camshaft, valves, crankshaft, connecting rod and catalytic converter. The materials used in automotive engines are required to fulfil a multitude of functions. It is a subtle balance between material properties, essential design and high performance characteristics. The science and technology of materials in automotive engines describes the metallurgy, chemical composition, manufacturing, heat treatment and surface modification of these materials. It also includes supplementary notes that support the core text. The book is essential reading for engineers and designers of engines, as well as lecturers and graduate students in the fields of automotive engineering, machine design and materials science looking for a concise, expert analysis of automotive materials. Provides a detailed introduction to the nature of materials used in automotive engines Essential reading for engineers, designers, lecturers and students in automotive engineering Written by a renowned expert in the field
Download or read book Catalysis written by John R. Anderson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalytic steam reforming has grown during the last two or three decades into one of the world's great catalytic processes. It is of major economic significance since the products from it form the feed for a number of other major processes. Nevertheless, catalytic steam reforming is a relatively difficult technology. It operates at high temperatures where problems of the maintenance of materials integrity and of catalyst stability and activity are severe, the establishment of high thermal efficiency of the plant is economically vital, and reactor operation is strongly influenced by mass and heat transport effects. The process is the subject of a thorough review by Dr. J. R. Rostrup-Nielsen who discusses both the basic cataly tic chemistry and the way in which this is interrelated with reactor and plant design. The use of catalytic converters for the purification of automotive exhaust gases is a relatively new technology which was brought into existence by social pressures for the preservation of acceptable environmental conditions. The majority of catalytic practitioners have been able to watch the growth of this technology from its inception to its current state of sophistication. Automotive catalytic converter technology is now in a mature state, and the chapter in this volume by Dr. K. C. Taylor provides a review which covers both the process chemistry and the most important converter design factors.
Book Synopsis Catalysis and Automotive Pollution Control by : A. Crucq
Download or read book Catalysis and Automotive Pollution Control written by A. Crucq and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1987-04-01 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In June 1984 the EEC Commission proposed new standards of permissible exhaust gas from motor vehicles to be introduced in Europe; these standards were approved by the Ministers of the Environment one year later. As the control of automotive pollution is at present mainly a catalytic problem, it was decided to hold an International Symposium on the subject, and an organizing committee composed of people engaged in catalytic research in the different Belgian Universities was constituted. This was the first Symposium of its kind to be held on an international level, and the quality and scientific interest of the papers presented was exceptional. It is planned to hold a follow-up Symposium in 2 to 3 years' time.The first part of the book is a general introduction to the problem of automotive pollution. The second, properly catalytic, part is devoted to fundamental and applied studies on pollution control, with emphasis on exhaust catalytic converters.
Book Synopsis Catalysis and Automotive Pollution Control IV by : N. Kruse
Download or read book Catalysis and Automotive Pollution Control IV written by N. Kruse and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-05-29 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of the energy crises and the recession, there has been a global, explosive growth in the amount of motor vehicles. In the past 50 years, the amount has increased from 50 to 700 million vehicles. For economical reasons they will probably continue to be used for a considerable number of years, despite the poor yield of internal combustion engines resulting in the inevitable production of some gaseous pollutants. The subsequent increase of gaseous pollutants in our atmosphere caused by exhaust gas from automobiles has enhanced the problem of the elimination of these pollutants produced by internal combustion engines. Catalysis has proven to be the best solution to lower the content of exhaust gas in pollutants. As its predecessors, CAPoC4 proved to be a suitable platform for discussing technological improvements and developments along with future perspectives and challenges. In the light of new results and further legislative regulations, the following topics were intensely discussed: *low light-off behaviour based on improved catalysts and substrate formulations *efficient adsorber systems for storage of hydrocarbon emissions *electrically heated catalyst systems ahead the main catalyst or, alternatively, close coupled catalysts (at the manifold of the engine) • lean DeNOx catalysts allowing for decomposition of NOx in the oxygen-rich exhaust of direct injection gasoline engines and high speed injection diesel engines or, alternatively, NOx trapping/reduction in a hybrid approach * collection and destruction of dry particulates or soot. There is no doubt that clean vehicle technology is a vital part of improving air quality. Challenges remain and call for technological answers. Catalytic air pollution control is still an area providing a considerable incentive for innovative work.
Book Synopsis Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulations of Automotive Catalytic Converters by : Figen Lacin
Download or read book Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Simulations of Automotive Catalytic Converters written by Figen Lacin and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Automotive Pollution Control Catalysts and Devices by : Marshall Sittig
Download or read book Automotive Pollution Control Catalysts and Devices written by Marshall Sittig and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1977 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The three-way catalytic converter by : The Open University
Download or read book The three-way catalytic converter written by The Open University and published by The Open University. This book was released on with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 12-hour free course looked at how the three-way catalytic converter works to reduce the release of primary pollutants, and why we need it.
