Cardiovascular Function In Animal Models Of Metabolic Syndrome And Type 2 Diabetes

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Cardiovascular Function in Animal Models of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiovascular Function in Animal Models of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes by :

Download or read book Cardiovascular Function in Animal Models of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and oxidative stress have been shown to be associated with compromised cardiovascular function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes. The aim of the project is to investigate cardiovascular abnormalities in a rat model of type 2 diabetes (Zucker diabetes fatty or ZDF rats) and two models of metabolic syndrome (fructose-fed rats and Zucker obese rats), and to provide direct evidence linking iNOS and oxidative stress to abnormal cardiovascular function in these disorders. Blood pressure, cardiac contractility, cardiac index, regional flow, vascular resistance and venous tone were measured in diseased as well as normal rats. Biochemical analyses such as activities of iNOS, immunostaining of iNOS and western-blot analysis of iNOS in the heart tissue were carried out. The results showed that cardiac contractile response to dobutamine was compromised in the ZDF rats, and this was associated with increased myocardial protein expression as well as activity of iNOS. The formation of peroxynitrite was increased in the heart tissue of the ZDF rats. Selective inhibition of iNOS by 1400W (N-3-aminomethyl-benzyl-acetamidine) did not alter responses to dobutamine in the control rats, but augmented the contractile effects of dobutamine in the diabetic rats. The regional blood flow was altered in the ZDF rats, and iNOS played a negligible role in regulating regional flow in the ZDF rats. Although venous response to noradrenaline was also altered in the Zucker obese rats, NOS may not be involved in venous tone regulation. Anti-oxidative treatment with N-acetylcysteine inhibited the development of insulin resistance, blood pressure elevation and the increase of 8-isoprostane formation in the fructose-fed rats. We conclude that heart function is compromised and regional blood flow is altered in the ZDF rats. Activation of iNOS plays an important role in suppressing heart dysfunction but does not affect regional blood flow.

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease

Author : Philip Peplow
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 178262046X
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (826 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease by : Philip Peplow

Download or read book Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease written by Philip Peplow and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-05-22 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases remain the number one cause of death in developed countries and their prevalence is increasing rapidly in developing nations. This book brings together the recent information on these disorders and the links that exist between them in order to provide a complete picture of drug discovery for these conditions. The main three sections comprehensively discuss obesity, hypertension and cardiovascular disease, and diabetes in turn, following an introduction to the molecular links between them. The final chapter provides perspectives on future directions of the field. Chapters are contributed by leaders in the field from academia and industry and cover biomarkers, risk factors, gene-environment interactions, therapies and the various types of animal models that have been used to study each disease. Case studies describing the implementation of animal models in drug development further enhance the book’s usefulness as a comprehensive guide to this important therapeutic area. Providing a full picture of the various types of animal models that have been used to study obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance with recent case studies, this book provides a valuable resource for medicinal chemists and clinicians working in these disease areas.

Cardiac Contractility & Ca2+ Handling in Mouse Models of Type II Diabetes

Author : An Van Den Bergh
Publisher : Leuven University Press
ISBN 13 : 9789058675811
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (758 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiac Contractility & Ca2+ Handling in Mouse Models of Type II Diabetes by : An Van Den Bergh

Download or read book Cardiac Contractility & Ca2+ Handling in Mouse Models of Type II Diabetes written by An Van Den Bergh and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2006-12 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Animal Models in Diabetes Research

Author : Hans-Georg Joost
Publisher : Humana Press
ISBN 13 : 9781627030670
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Animal Models in Diabetes Research by : Hans-Georg Joost

Download or read book Animal Models in Diabetes Research written by Hans-Georg Joost and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2012-08-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, human studies have made enormous contributions towards an understanding of the genetic basis of diabetes mellitus; however, most of the experimentation needed for the invention and testing of novel therapeutic approaches cannot be performed in humans. Thus, there is no alternative to appropriate animal models. In Animal Models in Diabetes Research, expert researchers explore the current status of the most important models and procedures in order to provide a timely resource in experimental diabetology. The first half of the volume serves as a comprehensive overview on our current knowledge of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of diabetes in animal models through a series of reviews in model strains. The book then continues with vital, established protocols that are employed in the characterization and study of animal models of diabetes. As a volume in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series, this work contains the type of detailed description and key implementation advice necessary to achieve successful results. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Animal Models in Diabetes Research delivers essential content that will be an important resource to advance diabetes research in the years to come.

Metabolic Cardiomyopathy

Author : H. Böhles
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9783887631048
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Metabolic Cardiomyopathy by : H. Böhles

Download or read book Metabolic Cardiomyopathy written by H. Böhles and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last years the understanding for the aetiology of cardiomyopathies could be greatly improved. A great deal of information has accumulated in the field of inherited metabolic diseases, which provides a new basis for our understanding of many heart muscle problems and their corresponding clinical disease entities. This book is meant to give the reader a comprehensive overview of the cardiological manifestations of inborn errors of metabolism. Latest information, such as cardiomyopathy in Fabry disease or in patients with CDG-syndrome is included. It should be helpful, not only to cardiologists, paediatricians, internists and general practicioners, but also to all those interested in a better understanding of the metabolic basis of clinical disease entities.

Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease

Author : Jitka Sviglerova
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128071990
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease by : Jitka Sviglerova

Download or read book Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease written by Jitka Sviglerova and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-29 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impairment, altered function or altered requirements of various organs lead to corresponding changes of cardiovascular system, especially its central organ, the heart. The heart adapts to the altered conditions and requirements by intensive remodeling. The remodeling is usually very complex, including both structural (e.g. hypertrophy, fibrosis) and functional (e.g. electrophysiological, contractile remodeling) changes. The remodeling is initially compensatory and beneficial optimizing the pumping function but gradually it may become detrimental (heart failure, life-threatening arrhythmias). In this chapter we have focused on three experimental models, in which the heart is not targeted primarily, however the primary disease eventually affects the cardiovascular system significantly: diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and dysfunctional autonomic innervation. Rat models of these three conditions are described in detail with special focus on methodological aspects and experimental results obtained in our laboratory.

Translational Research Methods in Diabetes, Obesity, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Author : Andrew J. Krentz
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030117480
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Translational Research Methods in Diabetes, Obesity, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by : Andrew J. Krentz

Download or read book Translational Research Methods in Diabetes, Obesity, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease written by Andrew J. Krentz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to aid the selection of the most appropriate methods for use in early phase (1 and 2) clinical studies of new drugs for diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and related cardiometabolic disorders. Clinical research methods to assess the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of new diabetes drugs, e.g. the euglycemic clamp technique, have become well-established in proof-of-mechanism studies. However, selection of the most appropriate techniques is by no means straightforward. Moreover, the application of such methods must conform to the regulatory requirements for new drugs. This book discusses the need for new pharmacotherapies for diabetes, obesity and NAFLD and the molecular targets of drugs currently in development. Emerging technologies including functional imaging, circulating biomarkers and omics are considered together with practical and ethical issues pertaining to early phase clinical trials in subjects with cardiometabolic disorders. Translational Research Methods in Diabetes, Obesity, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is of interest to biomedical scientists, pharmacologists, academics involved in metabolic research and clinicians practicing in these specialties.

Medical Management of Diabetes Mellitus

Author : William T. Cefalu
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781420001631
Total Pages : 776 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Medical Management of Diabetes Mellitus by : William T. Cefalu

Download or read book Medical Management of Diabetes Mellitus written by William T. Cefalu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-02-17 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a how-to manual for practicing physicians and health care providers, nurse educators, nutritionists, and physicians in training in the management of persons with diabetes mellitus. Experts with strong clinical and teaching backgrounds provide up-to-date recom-mendations and rationale of the most effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to diabetes mellitus and its multiorgan micro- and macrovascular complications for patients of all ages.Gives five practical guidelines for nutrition therapy that supplies realistic recommendations!With contributions from nearly 60 clinicians who reveal a constellation of disorders with different signs, symptoms, clinical characteristics, and therapies, Medical Management of Diabetes Mellitusreviews the autoimmune process and genetics of type 1 and type 2 diabetes offers an overview of the medications that impair glucose metabolism causing hypo- or hyperglycemia covers pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnosis with specialized laboratory tests surveys therapeutic modalities, their mechanisms of action, and rationale for use focuses on outcomes and how they are tracked stresses early detection and therapy of end-organ complications discusses the effect of intensive diabetes management on reducing retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy considers incorporating psychiatric techniques into the treatment of diabetes compares and contrasts diabetes in children, adults, and the elderly and more!Containing over 850 references, tables, drawings, and photographs, Medical Management of Diabetes Mellitus is a cross-disciplinary reference perfect for family practice physicians, internists, pediatricians, endocrinologists, pharmacologists, nutritionists, physiologists, dietitians, obesity specialists, psychiatrists, and medical school students in these disciplines.

Cardiac Dysfunction Associated with Metabolic Stress

Author : Subat Turdi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781124902104
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis Cardiac Dysfunction Associated with Metabolic Stress by : Subat Turdi

Download or read book Cardiac Dysfunction Associated with Metabolic Stress written by Subat Turdi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insulin resistance is the hallmark characteristic of obesity, aging, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, all of which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Clinical human studies and animal experiments have repeatedly demonstrated that perturbations in cardiac substrate metabolism in insulin-resistant states compromise cardiac function although the underlying mechanisms are not clear. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is thought to be a master regulator of cellular and whole body energy metabolism. In the heart, activation of AMPK stimulates glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation via translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and inactivating acetyl CoA decarboxylase (ACC), respectively. Since AMPK activity is suppressed in insulin resistant states, it is now being recognized as a therapeutic target for treating metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases. My PhD project is to study the involvement of AMPK in cardiac contractile dysfunction associated with obesity and aging. Using mouse models of high fat diet induced obesity and aging, I tested the hypothesis that a deficiency in AMPK activity may compromise obesity and aging-induced cardiac dysfunction. Alterations in key molecules in both AMPK and insuling signaling pathways under high fat diet- and aging were explored. Chronic high fat diet challenge (including a model of pre-and postnatal high fat feeding) led to increased adiposity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and defects in cardiac contractile function as well as calcium handling. Further investigations revealed the cardiac abnormalities in the high-fat fed mice were associated with decreased AMPK activity, cardiac hypertrophy, reduced glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation, and lipotoxicity. Furthermore, high fat diet feeding led to blunted insuling signaling (reduced Akt-AS160), mitochondrial dysfunction, excess IRS serine phosphorylation, increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins and apoptosis, respectively. Furthermore, AMPK deficiency accentuated aging-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction associated with ventricular hypertrophy, ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction, indicating a critical cardioprotective role for AMPK with advancing age. Taken together, these data provide some evidence of the effects of AMPK in cardiac function under metabolic stress conditions marked by insulin resistance. Disruption of AMPK signaling compromises metabolic adaptation of the heart to nutrient stress and leads to contractile dysfunction.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Author : Lawrence H. Lash
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483218619
Total Pages : 527 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Mitochondrial Dysfunction by : Lawrence H. Lash

Download or read book Mitochondrial Dysfunction written by Lawrence H. Lash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods in Toxicology, Volume 2: Mitochondrial Dysfunction provides a source of methods, techniques, and experimental approaches for studying the role of abnormal mitochondrial function in cell injury. The book discusses the methods for the preparation and basic functional assessment of mitochondria from liver, kidney, muscle, and brain; the methods for assessing mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in intact organs; and the structural aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are addressed. The text also describes chemical detoxification and metabolism as well as specific metabolic reactions that are especially important targets or indicators of damage. The methods for measurement of alterations in fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism and for the analysis and manipulation of oxidative injury and antioxidant systems are also considered. The book further tackles additional methods on mitochondrial energetics and transport processes; approaches for assessing impaired function of mitochondria; and genetic and developmental aspects of mitochondrial disease and toxicology. The text also looks into mitochondrial DNA synthesis, covalent binding to mitochondrial DNA, DNA repair, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of developing individuals and cellular differentiation. Microbiologists, toxicologists, biochemists, and molecular pharmacologists will find the book invaluable.

Diabetes and Hypertension

Author : Samy I. McFarlane
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1603273573
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Diabetes and Hypertension by : Samy I. McFarlane

Download or read book Diabetes and Hypertension written by Samy I. McFarlane and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-19 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes and hypertension have evolved as two of the modern day epidemics affecting millions of people around the world. These two common co-morbidities lead to substantial increase in cardiovascular disease, the major cause of morbidity and mortality of adults around the world. In Diabetes and Hypertension: Evaluation and Management, a panel of renowned experts address a range of critical topics -- from basic concepts in evaluation and management of diabetes and hypertension, such as dietary interventions, to evaluation and management of secondary hypertension in clinical practice. Other chapters focus on high cardiovascular risk populations such as those with coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease and minority patients. In addition, evolving concepts and new developments in the field are presented in other chapters, such as prevention of type 2 diabetes and the epidemic of sleep apnea and its implication for diabetes and hypertension evaluation and management. An important title covering two of the most troubling disorders of our time, Diabetes and Hypertension: Evaluation and Management will provide the busy practitioner with cutting edge knowledge in the field as well as practical information that can translate into better care provided to the high-risk population of diabetics and hypertensive patients.

Pharmacotherapy of Pulmonary Hypertension

Author : Marc Humbert
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642386644
Total Pages : 569 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Pharmacotherapy of Pulmonary Hypertension by : Marc Humbert

Download or read book Pharmacotherapy of Pulmonary Hypertension written by Marc Humbert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on current evidence-based pharmacological treatments of various forms of pulmonary hypertension and provides a comprehensive review of the latest developments in this area. The first part of the book covers the definition, classification, pathophysiology, pathology, biomarkers and animal models of the disease, thus laying the conceptual basis for what follows. The middle section provides an overview of the established therapies, such as calcium channel blockers, prostanoids, endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and inhaled nitric oxide. The last section explores novel pathways and emerging therapeutic approaches including soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators, Rho-kinase inhibitors, inhibitors of serotonin receptors and transporters, peptide growth factors, vasoactive peptides, modulators of redox equilibrium and cyclic nucleotide homeostasis, as well as immunosuppressive and anti-proliferative agents. Particular attention is given to the clinical applications of these experimental therapies, that are on the horizon. The book thus spans the continuum from basic science to clinical applications.

Textbook of Clinical Pediatrics

Author : H. A. Harfi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642022022
Total Pages : 4213 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Textbook of Clinical Pediatrics by : H. A. Harfi

Download or read book Textbook of Clinical Pediatrics written by H. A. Harfi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-10 with total page 4213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of this classic reference offers a problem-based approach to pediatric diseases. It encompasses almost all pediatric subspecialties and covers every pediatric disease and organ system. It includes case studies and over 750 lavish illustrations.

Report of the Hypertension Task Force

Author : National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Hypertension Task Force
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis Report of the Hypertension Task Force by : National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Hypertension Task Force

Download or read book Report of the Hypertension Task Force written by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Hypertension Task Force and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Obesity and Lipotoxicity

Author : Ayse Basak Engin
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331948382X
Total Pages : 618 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Obesity and Lipotoxicity by : Ayse Basak Engin

Download or read book Obesity and Lipotoxicity written by Ayse Basak Engin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-05 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the resultant health consequences and considerable increase in prevalence, obesity has become a major worldwide health problem. “Obesity and Lipotoxicity” is a comprehensive review of the recent researches to provide a better understanding of the lipotoxicity-related mechanisms of obesity and the potential for the development of new treatment strategies. This book overviews the biochemical pathways leading to obesity-related metabolic disorders that occur subsequent to lipotoxicity. Chapters examine the deleterious effects of nutrient excess at molecular level including the cellular and molecular aspects of breast cancer, resistance to leptin, insulin, adiponectin, and interconnection between the circadian clock and metabolic pathways during high-fat feeding. “Lipotoxicity and Obesity” will be a useful resource for clinicians and basic science researchers, such as biochemists, toxicologists, immunologists, nutritionists, adult and pediatric endocrinologists, cardiologists, as well as students who are thought in this field.

Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease

Author : Emmanuel A. Andreadis
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319395998
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease by : Emmanuel A. Andreadis

Download or read book Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease written by Emmanuel A. Andreadis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-20 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive analysis into individualized patient care, and applying evidence‐based medicine while integrating basic medical knowledge with applied medicine. The Editor and the contributors not only discuss important issues on hypertension management and its deleterious consequences if it is not well‐controlled, but also highlight the important signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of hypertensive heart disease and cardiac hypertrophy.

Veterans and Agent Orange

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309477166
Total Pages : 739 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Veterans and Agent Orange by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Veterans and Agent Orange written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-01-20 with total page 739 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From 1962 to 1971, the U.S. military sprayed herbicides over Vietnam to strip the thick jungle canopy that could conceal opposition forces, to destroy crops that those forces might depend on, and to clear tall grasses and bushes from the perimeters of US base camps and outlying fire-support bases. Mixtures of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), picloram, and cacodylic acid made up the bulk of the herbicides sprayed. The main chemical mixture sprayed was Agent Orange, a 50:50 mixture of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T. At the time of the spraying, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the most toxic form of dioxin, was an unintended contaminant generated during the production of 2,4,5-T and so was present in Agent Orange and some other formulations sprayed in Vietnam. Because of complaints from returning Vietnam veterans about their own health and that of their children combined with emerging toxicologic evidence of adverse effects of phenoxy herbicides and TCDD, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was asked to perform a comprehensive evaluation of scientific and medical information regarding the health effects of exposure to Agent Orange, other herbicides used in Vietnam, and the various components of those herbicides, including TCDD. Updated evaluations were conducted every two years to review newly available literature and draw conclusions from the overall evidence. Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 11 (2018) examines peer-reviewed scientific reports concerning associations between various health outcomes and exposure to TCDD and other chemicals in the herbicides used in Vietnam that were published between September 30, 2014, and December 31, 2017, and integrates this information with the previously established evidence database.