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Carbon Monoxide Oxidation On Nanoparticle Catalysts And Gas Phase Reactions Of Small Molecules And Volatile Organics With Metal Cations
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Book Synopsis Carbon Monoxide Oxidation on Nanoparticle Catalysts and Gas Phase Reactions of Small Molecules and Volatile Organics with Metal Cations by : Khaled Mohammad Saoud
Download or read book Carbon Monoxide Oxidation on Nanoparticle Catalysts and Gas Phase Reactions of Small Molecules and Volatile Organics with Metal Cations written by Khaled Mohammad Saoud and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide and Methane by Nano and Regular Fe2O3 by : Soon-Chul Kwon
Download or read book The Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide and Methane by Nano and Regular Fe2O3 written by Soon-Chul Kwon and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The catalytic performances of nano and regular Fe2O3 in the oxidation of methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) singly and in combination were compared in a laboratory study. The major oxidation product is carbon dioxide (CO2). The performance of the nanocatalyst for oxidation of CH4 and CO was studied under variable conditions of temperature, concentration and space-time. It was demonstrated that 40 mg of Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NANOCAT superfine iron oxide) was much more effective than 400mg of non-nano Fe2O3-PVS (Bailey-PVS Oxides) in calatalyzing the oxidation. Furthermore, in the oxidative coupling of CH4 and CO, the efficiency of mixed gas conversion was also higher when NANOCAT was used as the catalyst than when Fe2O3-PVS was used, and almost complete oxidation of the mixed gas phases was observed. These results support the hypothesis that the small particle size (3nm), high surface area (245 m2/g), and denser surface coordination of the nanocatalyst can contribute to its better performance as a catalyst. Generally, the oxidation of CO and CH4 increased significantly with increase in temperature. In the presence of oxygen, the reaction is zero-order on CO. The oxidation efficiency was not affected by the CO concentrations at any temperature (more than 200°C). However, lower concentrations in the gas phase contributed to higher oxidation efficiency over the entire range of temperatures. The oxidation of CH4 is quite complicated, and has not been clearly delineated. An increase in the inlet gas flow rate caused a lower conversion rate. An examination of space time effect of CO oxidation reveals that the higher space time between carbon monoxide and NANOCAT has little or no effect on oxidation efficiency. In contrary to CO oxidation, the CH4 and mixed gas (CO and CH4) oxidations were accelerated by increased space time with NANOCAT.
Book Synopsis Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Over Three Different Oxidation States of Copper by : Glenn Geoffrey Jernigan
Download or read book Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Over Three Different Oxidation States of Copper written by Glenn Geoffrey Jernigan and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Monoxide and Methane Over Metal and Metal Oxide Catalysts by : Wenchi Liu
Download or read book Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Monoxide and Methane Over Metal and Metal Oxide Catalysts written by Wenchi Liu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysis is of vital importance in a wide range of areas including energy processing and chemical production. Catalytic conversion of C1 sources such as carbon monoxide and methane to make hydrocarbon fuels and oxygenated products has far reaching implications especially in the context of the gradual depletion of crude oil resource and the potential surge in the natural gas production in the coming decades. The control over reaction activity and selectivity for the conversion CO and CH4 in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) have received tremendous attention and have been proved challenging. This dissertation focuses on the catalytic conversion of CO (Fischer–Tropsch synthesis) using supported cobalt based bimetallic nanoparticle model catalysts and the oxidative coupling of methane with noble metal promoted metal oxide catalysts. Using colloidal synthesis, a series of cobalt based bimetallic nanoparticles Co–M (M = Mn, Ru, Rh, and Re) with well-defined sizes, shapes, and compositions were obtained. Detailed synthesis procedures were presented and key synthetic parameters were discussed. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were subjected to extensive in-situ X-ray spectroscopy studies using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) under catalytic relevant conditions. Composition wise, the results indicate the surface concentration of Co on the as-synthesized Co–M bimetallic particles is slightly less than the bulk atomic Co %. While oxidation treatment led to a slight increase of the surface Co, major effect was seen after the reduction treatment where surface segregation of the second metal resulted in a drastic decrease of the surface Co content. The effect is more pronounced at elevated reduction temperatures. Under reaction conditions, the surface compositions remained similar to those after the reduction treatment at high temperatures. Among the bimetallics tested, the Co–Mn system is relatively less susceptible to surface reconstructions induced by oxidation and reduction treatments. In addition, the reducibility of Co was also shown to be modified depending on the second metal present and Re was proved to be most efficient in leading to a facile reduction of Co. Catalytic performance of the bimetallic catalysts supported on mesoporous silica MCF–17 indicates a positive effect in the catalytic activity for Co–Rh and Co–Mn systems, while Co–Re and Co–Cu showed decreased activity. Less pronounced promotion effect of the second metal on the product distribution was observed with only a slight increase in the selectivity towards C5+ products. The selectivities for CH4 and C5+ of the various Co–M bimetallic catalysts generally resemble those of pure Co catalysts. Although in extremely low selectivity, alcohols were also formed with Co–Rh and Co–Cu bimetallic catalysts. The appearance of longer chain alcohol such as propanol, which was not present for pure Co catalysts, is an evidence for potential synergistic promotion. For oxidative coupling of methane (OCM), the promotion effect of noble metals (Pt, Ir, and Rh) on the performance of MnxOy-Na2WO4/MCF–17 catalysts was investigated. The introduction of noble metals had little effect on the surface area and phase composition of the original catalyst but led to a more reduced nature of the surface oxide species. Catalytic study revealed an enhanced selectivity towards both C2 and C3 hydrocarbons as compared to the undoped MnxOy-Na2WO4/MCF–17 catalyst in the order of Rh-doped > Ir-doped > Pt-doped samples together with a lower olefin to paraffin ratio. A more optimized strength of interaction between the carbon intermediates and the catalyst surface was suggested, which in combination with the improved reducibility of Mn and W species are believed to be responsible for the improved performance. In addition, monodispersed leaf-like manganese–tungsten–oxide (Mn–W–Ox) nanoparticles and hydroxylated hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) were synthesized and used as novel catalysts in OCM reaction. Preliminary results indicate that the MCF–17 supported Mn–W–Ox nanoparticle catalyst showed a CH4 conversion of 5.4% and C2 selectivity of 42% with good stability over time. On the other hand, hydroxylated h-BN exhibited good activity (~20% CH4 conversion) with moderate selectivity towards C2 hydrocarbons (20%–30%). However, the hydroxylated h-BN catalysts faced serious deactivation, which was not eliminated by lowering the reaction temperature or the oxygen concentration in the reaction gas feed.
Book Synopsis The Technology of Catalytic Oxidations by : Philippe Arpentinier
Download or read book The Technology of Catalytic Oxidations written by Philippe Arpentinier and published by Editions TECHNIP. This book was released on 2001 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 1 covers the most important technological aspects of the use of molecular oxygen for catalytic oxidation reactions.Volume 2 addresses the safety issues associated with the use of oxygen in catalytic oxidation reactions.Contents Vol. 1: 1. Introduction. 2. Chemical-physical properties of molecular oxygen. 3. Oxygen production technologies. 4. Chemical fundamentals of oxidation reactions. 5. Reactor technologies for multiphase systems. 6. Liquid phase oxidations. 7. Gas phase selective oxidations. 8. Selective oxidation of paraffins. References. Index. Vol. 2: 9. Introduction to safety problems in the chemical industry. 10. Chemical aspects of combustion in the gaseous phase. 11. Homogeneous chemical explosions: autoignition or spontaneous ignition. 12. Deflagration or propagation of flame. 13. Conditions governing flame propagation capability. 14. Detonation in the gaseous phase. 15. Prevention of and protection against explosions. References. Index.
Download or read book Book of Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide on Palladium Model Catalysts by : Frederick H. Rumpf
Download or read book Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide on Palladium Model Catalysts written by Frederick H. Rumpf and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Novel Photodeposited Catalysts for Carbon Monoxide Oxidation and Preferential Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide in the Presence of Hydrogen (PROX) by : Sze Chi Chan
Download or read book Novel Photodeposited Catalysts for Carbon Monoxide Oxidation and Preferential Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide in the Presence of Hydrogen (PROX) written by Sze Chi Chan and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been shown that gold nanoparticles supported on metal oxides with sizes below 5 nm exhibit unique catalytic properties for CO oxidation, water-gas shift, and epoxidation of propylene. In particular, Au/TiO 2 exhibits CO oxidation activity at temperature as low as 90 K. Recent research reported that silver nanoparticles supported on TiO 2 are similar to Au nanoparticles supported on TiO 2 . Conventional methods for preparing Ag/TiO 2 and Au/TiO 2 supported catalysts include deposition-precipitation, wet impregnation and co-precipitation. Among these methods deposition-precipitation has shown the best results for these reactions due to the narrow size distribution of Ag and Au. The major disadvantage of the deposition-precipitation method is that Au and Ag particle sizes are very sensitive to precursor concentration. Preparation of Au particles less than 5 nm requires a low precursor concentration and low Au loading. In this work, a different approach, photodeposition, was used to prepare Ag and Au nanoparticles supported on TiO 2 . The main shortcoming of photodeposition is that its efficiency is very sensitive to both bulk and surface structural features. However, such problems can be overcome by reducing the size of TiO 2 particles to the nanoscale. Photodeposition of Ag nanoparticles on commercial TiO 2 particles and nanoparticles was performed on microscope grid-supported samples in order to provide direct visualization of the spatial distribution of photoactive sites on sub-micron-scale and nanoscale TiO 2 particle surfaces and to create materials for potential catalytic applications. HRTEM (high-resolution transmission electron microscopy) and HAADF-STEM (high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy) were used to characterize these materials. The size and spatial distributions of the Ag nanoparticles on the commercial TiO 2 were not uniform; the concentration of Ag was higher on grain boundaries and at the edges of these submicrometer particles. In the case of TiO 2 nanoparticles, the size distribution of the Ag nanoparticles deposited was relatively uniform and independent of irradiation time and photon energy. The amount of Ag deposited on TiO 2 nanoparticles was at least 6 times higher than that on commercial samples for comparable irradiation conditions. Compared to the case of Ag photodeposition, the difference in the amount of Au photodeposited on TiO 2 particles and nanoparticles was even greater, especially at low precursor concentration. Photodeposition on TiO 2 nanoparticles is suggested as a potential method for the preparation of Ag/TiO 2 and Au/TiO 2 catalysts. The high photoreactivity of TiO 2 nanoparticles makes them an ideal material for preparation of supported metal catalysts when highly uniform nanoscale particle size is required. Extending the previous work, the Ag and Au photodeposition on TiO 2 nanoparticles were scaled-up from micro scale to laboratory scale to generate sample powders in sufficient quantity to be utilized in catalytic reactor. Most of the methods published for the preparation of metal-decorated TiO 2 by photodeposition involve suspended particles in a aqueous media. Our approach for the scale-up process was different, and was developed based on the sample preparation for metal photodeposition on microscope grids. A thin film of TiO 2 nanoparticle powders coated on a glass plate was obtained by using a spin-coating technique before metal photodeposition. Several commercial TiO 2 nanoparticles were used in this study, in order to choose appropriate samples for the scale-up experiments. Preliminary studies of the photoreactivity of commercial TiO 2 nanoparticles for Ag photodeposition on a microscope grid were carried out prior to the scale-up process. The effects of Ag photoreduction conditions, in particular the radiation source and the metal precursor solution concentration, on Ag photodeposition were investigated to determine the optimum conditions for the scale-up process. The size and spatial distribution of Ag nanoparticles, as well as the Ag loading on commercial TiO 2 nanoparticles for the scale up process under various conditions were determined using TEM and HAADF-STEM techniques. After the optimal conditions for the scale-up process were established, Ag/TiO 2 and Au/TiO 2 nanoparticles obtained from the scaled-up process were characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and HAADF. In addition, Ag/TiO 2 and Au/TiO 2 nanoparticles were also prepared using traditional deposition-precipitation methods. The catalytic performance of Ag/TiO 2 and Au/TiO 2 nanoparticles prepared using two different methods for CO oxidation and preferential oxidation of CO in the presence of H 2 (PROX) were investigated using a high-throughput reactor. Results obtained from this study showed that the size of Ag particles, Ag loading, as well as preparation method contributed to the difference in activity of Ag/TiO 2 for CO oxidation and PROX. In the case of Au/TiO 2 the difference in activity for CO oxidation and PROX is mainly due to the preparation method and Au loading.
Book Synopsis Formation and Reactions of Methyl Radicals on Metal Oxides by : Youdong Tong
Download or read book Formation and Reactions of Methyl Radicals on Metal Oxides written by Youdong Tong and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Metal Nanoparticles by : Daniel L. Fedlheim
Download or read book Metal Nanoparticles written by Daniel L. Fedlheim and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-26 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the-art reference, Metal Nanoparticles offers the latest research on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of nanoparticles. Following an introduction of structural, optical, electronic, and electrochemical properties of nanoparticles, the book elaborates on nanoclusters, hyper-Raleigh scattering, nanoarrays, and several applications including single electron devices, chemical sensors, biomolecule sensors, and DNA detection. The text emphasizes how size, shape, and surface chemistry affect particle performance throughout. Topics include synthesis and formation of nanoclusters, nanosphere lithography, modeling of nanoparticle optical properties, and biomolecule sensors.
Book Synopsis Investigating Metal Oxide Nanoparticles as Photocatalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction Reactions by : Thomas Wood
Download or read book Investigating Metal Oxide Nanoparticles as Photocatalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction Reactions written by Thomas Wood and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal oxide nanoparticles were investigated for their application as photocatalysts for the gas-phase photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to value-added chemicals and fuels. A multi-photoreactor catalyst screening system was developed to screen a broad set of nanoparticles for photocatalytic activity. Carbon-13 labelled carbon dioxide (13CO2) isotope tracing was carried out to discriminate whether the products arose from CO2 conversion or from reactions involving residual carbon contamination. A set of metal oxide photocatalysts were investigated at temperatures ranging from 80 oC to 190 oC in atmospheres containing both H2 and CO2. A nanoparticle heterostructure composed of Cu sputtered into a mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticle film was synthesized. These films showed evidence of increased hydrocarbon production under illumination, but no 13C labelled product was measured. 2 Hydroxylated indium sesquioxide (In2O3-xOHy) nanoparticles were synthesized and investigated for the photocatalytic conversion of CO2. It was found that In2O3-xOHy nanoparticles are capable of photocatalytically and thermally driving the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction at tem.
Book Synopsis Mixed Metal Oxide - Noble Metal Catalysts for Total Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds and Carbon Monoxide by : Magali Ferrandon
Download or read book Mixed Metal Oxide - Noble Metal Catalysts for Total Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds and Carbon Monoxide written by Magali Ferrandon and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nanoporous Gold written by Arne Wittstock and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-surface-area materials have recently attracted significant interest due to potential applications in various fields such as electrochemistry and catalysis, gas-phase catalysis, optics, sensors and actuators, energy harvesting and storage. In contrast to classical materials the properties of high-surface-area materials are no longer determined by their bulk, but by their nanoscale architecture. Nanoporous gold (np-Au) represents the fascinating class of mesoporous metals that have been intensively investigated in recent years. The current interest and the increasing number of scientific publications show that np-Au by itself is an outstanding nano-material that justifies a book devoted to all aspects of its properties and applications. The resulting publication is a discussion of this unique nano-material and is an accessible and comprehensive introduction to the field. The book provides a broad, multi-disciplinary platform to learn more about the properties of nanoporous gold from an inter-disciplinary perspective. It starts with an introduction and overview of state-of-the-art applications and techniques characterizing this material and its applications. It then covers the progress in research within the last years. The chapters are in-depth overviews written by the world's leading scientists in the particular field. Each chapter covers one technique or application so that the reader can easily target their favoured topic and will get the latest and state-of-the-art information in the field.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide with Carbon Monoxide by : Yu Sim Ng
Download or read book Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide with Carbon Monoxide written by Yu Sim Ng and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Strong Metal-support Interactions by : R. T. K. Baker
Download or read book Strong Metal-support Interactions written by R. T. K. Baker and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis by : Jacques C. Vedrine
Download or read book Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis written by Jacques C. Vedrine and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis is an overview of the past, present and future of heterogeneous catalysis using metal oxides catalysts. The book presents the historical, theoretical, and practical aspects of metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis. Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis deals with fundamental information on heterogeneous catalysis, including reaction mechanisms and kinetics approaches.There is also a focus on the classification of metal oxides used as catalysts, preparation methods and touches on zeolites, mesoporous materials and Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in catalysis. It will touch on acid or base-type reactions, selective (partial) and total oxidation reactions, and enzymatic type reactions The book also touches heavily on the biomass applications of metal oxide catalysts and environmentally related/depollution reactions such as COVs elimination, DeNOx, and DeSOx. Finally, the book also deals with future trends and prospects in metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis. Presents case studies in each chapter that provide a focus on the industrial applications Includes fundamentals, key theories and practical applications of metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis in one comprehensive resource Edited, and contributed, by leading experts who provide perspectives on synthesis, characterization and applications
Book Synopsis Preferential Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide Over Heat Treated Swellable Organically Modified Silica Supported Cobalt Oxide Catalyst by : Dishari Basu
Download or read book Preferential Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide Over Heat Treated Swellable Organically Modified Silica Supported Cobalt Oxide Catalyst written by Dishari Basu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing global spotlight on environmentally friendly processes has driven the recent progress in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology. PEMFCs require an ultra-pure hydrogen stream as the feed gas. As little as 10 ppm of carbon monoxide (CO) in this feed can poison the platinum-based catalyst which is used in the anode of PEMFCs. Thus, this hydrogen feed stream must be purified by preferential oxidation (PROX) of CO prior to its introduction to a PEMFC. Supported precious metal catalysts have been extensively studied for catalyzing the CO PROX reaction. However, due to their lack of abundance and high costs, relatively inexpensive transition metal oxide based catalysts are promising alternatives. In this category, cobalt based catalysts have shown the most favorable results for catalyzing CO PROX. However, moisture present in the hydrogen feed has been found to considerably decrease PROX performance with time over Co based catalysts. Therefore, the synthesis of an inexpensive, water resistant Co based catalyst is required. Moisture causes decrease in PROX activity by plugging the Co3+ active sites and forming inactive complexes. To protect these active sites from H2O, a novel hydrophobic material, known as swellable organically-modified silica (SOMS) was used as the support material. However, the small pore diameter of SOMS did not allow the reactants to contact the active sites situated within its matrix. Therefore, SOMS was heat treated to tune its properties such as pore size and degree of hydrophobicity for application to this reaction. This heat treated SOMS (HSOMS) was then used to support the active Co3O4 nanoparticles. Dry and wet feed reactions were performed in a fixed bed reactor to obtain activity parameters such as CO conversion and selectivity. The effect of promotion and varying synthesis techniques was studied to synthesize a catalyst with high activity in the dry feed. The performance of the most water tolerant catalyst among the various HSOMS supported catalysts was compared to that of silica supported Co3O4. Detailed textural and surface characterization tests such as N2 physisorption, XRD, XPS and TPR were performed to understand the support morphology, phase identification of cobalt oxide, oxidation state of cobalt on the surface and reducibility of the catalyst respectively. Modifying the conventional synthesis procedure and tuning the properties of SOMS resulted in the synthesis of a more water resistant, active and stable supported Co3O4 catalyst.
