Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable and Technological Applications

Download Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable and Technological Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1040148115
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable and Technological Applications by : Loutfy H. Madkour

Download or read book Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable and Technological Applications written by Loutfy H. Madkour and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-10-29 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable and Technological Applications covers the fundamentals of carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs) and their potential for technological and industrial applications. Addressing recent advancements in technology and improvement in material synthesis, the book outlines how functionalized CNMs are used in nanobiotechnology, for active sorbent materials, and in pharmaceutical applications. Chapters cover macro-scale applications, biosensors and drug delivery, and treatment in cancer and coronavirus diseases. Key features: Through up-to-date references, this book demonstrates that carbon-based nanomaterials are one of the most promising nanomaterials in medical applications, such as drug and gene delivery carriers, as well as nonmedical, environmental applications. Discusses the synthesis methods of processing (CQDs), (GQDs), (CPDs), and (g-C3N4) materials-based nanocomposites for biotechnological applications. Chapters address various classes of carbon nanomaterials and their innovative technologies. Opens up further exploration of environmental nanotechnology, bionanotechnology, and biomedical applications of novel carbon nanomaterials. Full references can be found via the Support Material: www.routledge.com/9781032635934. Written by a leading expert, this volume provides the reader with thorough coverage of bionanotechnology and biomedical applications of novel carbon nanomaterials.

Carbon Nanomaterials for Agri-food and Environmental Applications

Download Carbon Nanomaterials for Agri-food and Environmental Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128197862
Total Pages : 652 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon Nanomaterials for Agri-food and Environmental Applications by : Kamel A Abd-Elsalam

Download or read book Carbon Nanomaterials for Agri-food and Environmental Applications written by Kamel A Abd-Elsalam and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-11-13 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Nanomaterials for Agri-food and Environmental Applications discusses the characterization, processing and applications of carbon-based nanostructured materials in the agricultural and environmental sectors. Sections discuss the synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes, the technological developments in environmental applications of carbon-based nanomaterials, and agri-food applications. The book also covers the toxic effects of engineered carbon nanoparticles on the environment, and in plants and animals. Finally, quality control and risk management are addressed to assess health and environmental risks. This is an applicable book for graduate students, researchers and those in industrial sectors of science and technology who want to learn more about carbon nanomaterials.

Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable and Technological Applications

Download Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable and Technological Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781032635934
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (359 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable and Technological Applications by : LOUTFY H. MADKOUR

Download or read book Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable and Technological Applications written by LOUTFY H. MADKOUR and published by . This book was released on 2024-10-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Sustainable and Technological Applications covers the fundamentals of Carbon-based Nanomaterials (CNMs) and their potential for technological and industrial applications. Addressing recent advancements in technology and improvement in material synthesis, the book outlines how functionalized CNMs are used in nanobiotechnology, for active sorbent materials, and in pharmaceutical applications. Chapters cover macro-scale applications, biosensors and drug delivery and treatment in cancer and coronavirus diseases. Key features: Through up-to-date references, demonstrates that carbon-based Nanomaterials are one of the most promising nanomaterials in both medical as drug and gene delivery carriers and in nonmedical environmental applications. Discusses the synthesis methods of processing (CQDs), (GQDs), (CPDs) and (g-C3N4) materials-based nanocomposites for biotechnological applications. Chapters address various classes of carbon nanomaterials and their innovative technologies. Opens up further exploration of environmental nanotechnology, bio-nanotechnology and biomedical applications of novel carbon nanomaterials. Written by a leading expert, this volume provides the reader with thorough coverage of bio-nanotechnology and biomedical applications of novel carbon nanomaterials.

Carbon-based Nanomaterials in Analytical Chemistry

Download Carbon-based Nanomaterials in Analytical Chemistry PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1788015339
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (88 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon-based Nanomaterials in Analytical Chemistry by : Carlos D Garcia

Download or read book Carbon-based Nanomaterials in Analytical Chemistry written by Carlos D Garcia and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-09-07 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the most relevant advances for employing carbon-based nanostructured materials for analytical purposes, this book serves as a reference manual that guides readers through the possibilities and helps when selecting the most appropriate material for targeted analytical applications. It critically discusses the role these nanomaterials can play in sample preparation, separation procedures and detection limit improvements whilst also considering the future trends in this field. Useful to direct initiatives, this book fills a gap in the literature for graduate students and professional researchers discussing the advantages and limitations across analytical chemistry in industry and academia.

Carbon-based Polymer Nanocomposites for Environmental and Energy Applications

Download Carbon-based Polymer Nanocomposites for Environmental and Energy Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128135751
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon-based Polymer Nanocomposites for Environmental and Energy Applications by : Ahmad Fauzi Ismail

Download or read book Carbon-based Polymer Nanocomposites for Environmental and Energy Applications written by Ahmad Fauzi Ismail and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-03-28 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon-Based Polymer Nanocomposites for Environmental and Energy Applications provides the fundamental physico-chemical characterizations of recently explored carbon-based polymer nanocomposites, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, nanodiamond, fullerenes and other nano-sized carbon allotropes. The book also covers the applications of carbon-based polymer nanocomposite in the environmental and energy fields. Topics range from the various approaches that have been explored and developed for the fabrication of carbon-based polymer nanocomposite, to their applications in tackling environmental and energy related issues. - Provides a clear picture of the current state-of-the-art and future trends in carbon-based polymer nanomaterials - Explains the interactions between nanofiller-polymer matrices and mechanisms related to applications in environmental pollution and energy shortage - Includes computational and experimental studies of the physical and chemical properties of carbon-based polymer nanocomposites - Features chapters written by world leading experts

Carbon Based Nanomaterials for Advanced Thermal and Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

Download Carbon Based Nanomaterials for Advanced Thermal and Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128140844
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon Based Nanomaterials for Advanced Thermal and Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion by : Rajib Paul

Download or read book Carbon Based Nanomaterials for Advanced Thermal and Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion written by Rajib Paul and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-07-20 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Based Nanomaterials for Advanced Thermal and Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion presents a comprehensive overview of recent theoretical and experimental developments and prospects on carbon-based nanomaterials for thermal, solar and electrochemical energy conversion, along with their storage applications for both laboratory and industrial perspectives. Large growth in human populations has led to seminal growth in global energy consumption, hence fossil fuel usage has increased, as have unwanted greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide, which results in critical environmental concerns. This book discusses this growing problem, aligning carbon nanomaterials as a solution because of their structural diversity and electronic, thermal and mechanical properties. - Provides an overview on state-of-the-art carbon nanomaterials and key requirements for applications of carbon materials towards efficient energy storage and conversion - Presents an updated and comprehensive review of recent work and the theoretical aspects on electrochemistry - Includes discussions on the industrial production of carbon-based materials for energy applications, along with insights from industrial experts

Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials for Theranostic Applications

Download Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials for Theranostic Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128243678
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials for Theranostic Applications by : Shadpour Mallakpour

Download or read book Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials for Theranostic Applications written by Shadpour Mallakpour and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-09-17 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials for Theranostic Applications offers insights into the developments and trends that are progressing fast in the field of functionalized carbon nanomaterials-based devices as diagnostic tools for early stage detection of human diseases. The book provides information on how functionalized carbon nanomaterials are being used as the basis for products, such as early disease diagnostic kits, quantum dots for medical imaging and a growing list of other applications. Sections cover different mechanical, absorption, optical and electrical properties than those found in original nanomaterials. This is an important reference source that will be valuable to materials scientists, biomedical engineers and pharmaceutical scientists who are looking to increase their understanding on how functionalized carbon nanomaterials are being used for a variety of theranostic applications. - Provides readers with information on how to develop functionalized carbon nanomaterials based diagnostic devices and tools - Identifies fabrication and characterization methods for integrated devices for use in theranostic applications - Assesses major challenges for manufacturing functionalized carbon nanomaterial materials for theranostic devices on an industrial scale

Environmental Remediation Through Carbon Based Nano Composites

Download Environmental Remediation Through Carbon Based Nano Composites PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811566992
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Environmental Remediation Through Carbon Based Nano Composites by : Mohammad Jawaid

Download or read book Environmental Remediation Through Carbon Based Nano Composites written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-25 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines carbon-based nanocomposite materials and their application in various environmental fields, such as wastewater treatment, and air and soil remediation. Featuring illustrations, and tables summarizing the latest research, it gathers up-to-date information on the application of carbon nanocomposites in the removal of environmental pollutants from different sources. Given its scope, the book is a valuable textbook for research students, and a useful handbook and reference resource for researchers, academics and industrial scientists working in the field of environmental pollutants and their safe removal.

Emerging Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Applications

Download Emerging Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119554853
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emerging Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Applications by : Ajay Kumar Mishra

Download or read book Emerging Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Applications written by Ajay Kumar Mishra and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a comprehensive deep-dive into the developments and advancements of emerging carbon-based nanocomposites for wastewater applications. Science and technology development are tackling one of the world's most pressing concerns—water contamination and effective treatment. Carbon-based nanocomposites have emerged as one of the leading materials in this treatment push because of their properties and high ability for the catalytic degradation of contaminants from aqueous segments. The 10 chapters in this timely book cover the follows areas: Carbon-based nanocomposites for remediation of heavy metals and organic pollutants from wastewater Functional green carbon nanocomposites for heavy-metal treatment in water Green nanocomposites and applications in environmentally-friendly carbon nanomaterials Carbon-based nanocomposites as heterogeneous catalysts for organic reactions in environment-friendly solvents Carbon-based polymer nanocomposite applications Biochar-based adsorbents for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous systems Carbon nanomaterial-based green nanocomposites The removal of trihalomethanes from water using nanofiltration membranes Nanocomposite materials as electrode materials in microbial fuel cells for the removal of water pollutants Plasmonic smart nanosensors for the determination of environmental pollutants.

Environmental Applications of Carbon-Based Materials

Download Environmental Applications of Carbon-Based Materials PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 503 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (693 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Environmental Applications of Carbon-Based Materials by : Arun, Jayaseelan

Download or read book Environmental Applications of Carbon-Based Materials written by Arun, Jayaseelan and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2024-08-19 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental degradation is a critical global challenge, with pollution, deforestation, and climate change threatening the planet's health. Traditional materials and technologies contribute significantly to these issues, highlighting the urgent need for sustainable alternatives. Carbon-based materials offer a promising solution. However, despite their potential, comprehensive literature needs to explore their diverse applications and impact. This gap hinders the broader adoption of carbon-based materials in environmental conservation efforts. Environmental Applications of Carbon-Based Materials addresses this gap by thoroughly examining carbon-based materials and their environmental applications. It offers a thorough overview of the latest advancements, from production techniques to real-world applications. By highlighting these materials' remarkable properties and versatile nature, the book is a source of inspiration to researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers to embrace these materials as viable solutions to pressing environmental challenges.

Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Adsorbents for Water Purification

Download Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Adsorbents for Water Purification PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128219602
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Adsorbents for Water Purification by : Suprakas Sinha Ray

Download or read book Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Adsorbents for Water Purification written by Suprakas Sinha Ray and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-06-27 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The deterioration of water quality and unavailability of drinkable water are pressing challenges worldwide. The removal of toxic organic and inorganic pollutants from water is vital for a clean environment, as a response to water scarcity. Adsorption-based water technologies are among the most widely used because of their high efficiency and low cost, without relying on a complex infrastructure. In recent years, carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), such as graphene and derivatives, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, nanoporous carbon, fullerenes, graphitic carbon nitride, and nanodiamonds have been extensively exploited as adsorbents due to their extraordinary surface properties, ease of modification, large surface area, controlled structural varieties, high chemical stability, porosity, low density, ease of regeneration, and reusability. This book provides a thorough overview of the state of the art in carbon nanomaterials as they are used for adsorption applications in water purifications, as well as addressing their toxicological challenges. This volume primarily explores the fundamentals of adsorption, its mechanical aspects, synthesis and properties of CNMs, and adsorption performances of CNMs and their nanocomposites with organic and inorganic materials. Structural engineering and activation processes produce materials with enhanced adsorptive properties and separation efficiencies. Furthermore, the formation of CNMs with 2D and 3D macro-and microstructures and high porosities is a potential approach to improve adsorption performances and extend CNM use at the industrial level. The book also addresses important issues regarding these adsorbents that potentially affect future research and industrial applications of carbon-based nanoadsorbents in water security. - Presents advances in multifunctional 3D superstructures of carbon nanomaterials and their composites for adsorption applications - Outlines the fundamentals on synthesis and characterization techniques of carbon-based nanostructures and their composites - Assesses the major toxicological challenges in using nanostructured materials as adsorbents for water purification

Carbon-Based Material for Environmental Protection and Remediation

Download Carbon-Based Material for Environmental Protection and Remediation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789845866
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon-Based Material for Environmental Protection and Remediation by : Mattia Bartoli

Download or read book Carbon-Based Material for Environmental Protection and Remediation written by Mattia Bartoli and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-08-19 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon-Based Material for Environmental Protection and Remediation presents an overview of carbon-based technologies and processes, and examines their usefulness and efficiency for environmental preservation and remediation. Chapters cover topics ranging from pollutants removal to new processes in materials science. Written for interested readers with strong scientific and technological backgrounds, this book will appeal to scientific advisors at private companies, academics, and graduate students.

Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials

Download Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 1848168039
Total Pages : 751 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (481 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials by : Glen E. Fryxell

Download or read book Environmental Applications of Nanomaterials written by Glen E. Fryxell and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012 with total page 751 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is concerned with functional nanomaterials, materials containing specific, predictable nanostructures whose chemical composition, or interfacial structure enables them to perform a specific job: to destroy, sequester, or detect some material that constitutes an environmental threat. Nanomaterials have a number of features that make them ideally suited for this job: they have a high surface area, high reactivity, easy dispersability, and rapid diffusion,to name a few. The purpose of this book is to showcase how these features can be tailored to address some of the environmental remediation and sensing/detection problems faced by mankind today. A number of leading researchers have contributed to this volume, painting a picture of diverse synthetic strategies, structures, materials, and methods. The intent of this book is to showcase the current state of environmental nanomaterials in such a way as to be useful either as a research resource, or as a graduate level textbook. We have organized this book into sections on nanoparticle-based remediation strategies, nanostructured inorganic materials (e.g. layered materials like the apatites), nanostructured organic/inorganic hybrid materials, and the use of nanomaterials to enhance the performance of sensors.

Carbon Nanotubes

Download Carbon Nanotubes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008054553X
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon Nanotubes by : M. Endo

Download or read book Carbon Nanotubes written by M. Endo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon nanotubes have been studied extensively in relation to fullerenes, and together with fullerenes have opened a new science and technology field on nano scale materials.A whole range of issues from the preparation, structure, properties and observation of quantum effects in carbon nanotubes in comparison with 0-D fullerenes are discussed.In addition, complementary reviews on carbon nanoparticles such as carbon nano-capsules, onion-like graphite particles and metal-coated fullerenes are covered.This book aims to cover recent research and development in this area, and so provide a convenient reference tool for all researchers in this field. It is also hoped that this book can serve to stimulate future work on carbon nanotubes.

Functionalized Nanomaterials Based Devices for Environmental Applications

Download Functionalized Nanomaterials Based Devices for Environmental Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128232706
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Functionalized Nanomaterials Based Devices for Environmental Applications by : Sudheesh K. Shukla

Download or read book Functionalized Nanomaterials Based Devices for Environmental Applications written by Sudheesh K. Shukla and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-08-06 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental devices help in monitoring the collection of one or more measurements that are used to access the status of an environment. Today, environmental monitoring and analytical methods are among the most rapidly developing branches of analysis. The functionalization of nanomaterials in the field of environmental science has increasing importance with regards to the fabrication of devices. Functionalized nanomaterials reformulate new materials and advanced characteristics for improved application in comparison to old fashion materials and open an opportunity for the development of devices for introducing new technology and techniques for monitoring environmental challenges. The monitoring of these environmental challenges in advances have direct impact on health and sustainability. Functionalized nanomaterials have different mechanical, absorption, optical or electrical properties than original nanomaterials. In fact, major utilization of nanomaterials occurs in their functionalized forms, which are very different from the parent material. This handbook provides an overview of the different state-of-the-art materials, devices and environmental applications of functionalized nanomaterials. In addition, the information offers a platform for ongoing research in the field of environmental science and device fabrication. The main objective of this book is to cover the major areas focusing on the functionalization of nanomaterials, device fabrication along with different techniques and environmental applications of functionalized nanomaterials-based devices. This is an important reference source for materials scientists, engineers and environmental scientsts who are looking to increase their understanding of how functionalized nanomaterial-based devices are being used for environmental monitoring applications. - Helps the reader to understand the basic principles of functionalization of nanomaterials - Highlights fabrication and characterization methods for functionalized nanomaterials-based environmental monitoring devices - Assesses the major challenges of creating devices using functionalized nanomaterials on a mass scale

Carbon-Based Nanomaterials

Download Carbon-Based Nanomaterials PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819702402
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Carbon-Based Nanomaterials by : Archana (Joshi) Bachheti

Download or read book Carbon-Based Nanomaterials written by Archana (Joshi) Bachheti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Renewable Materials and Green Technology Products

Download Renewable Materials and Green Technology Products PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000090248
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Renewable Materials and Green Technology Products by : Shrikaant Kulkarni

Download or read book Renewable Materials and Green Technology Products written by Shrikaant Kulkarni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable Materials and Green Technology Products: Environmental and Safety Aspects looks at the design, manufacture, and use of efficient, effective, safe, and more environmentally benign chemical products and processes. It includes a broad range of application-based solutions to the development of renewable materials and green technology. The latest trends in the green synthesis and properties of CNs are presented in the first chapter of this book for generating social awareness about sustainable developments. The book goes on to highlight the naissance and progressive trail of microwave-assisted synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, for a clean and green technology tool. Chapters discuss green technological alternatives for the global abatement of air pollution, effective use and treatment of water and wastewater, renewable power generation from solar PV cells, carbon-based nanomaterials synthesized using green protocol for sustainable development, green technologies that help to achieve economic development without harming the environment, technical solutions to cut down the quantum of N losses, conventional processing techniques in developing the bionanocomposites as the biocatalyst, and more.