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Caracterisation De La Fraction Organique Et Minerale De La Matrice Extracellulaire Issue De Boues Biologiques
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Book Synopsis Caractérisation de la fraction organique et minérale de la matrice extracellulaire issue de boues biologiques by : Isabelle Bourven
Download or read book Caractérisation de la fraction organique et minérale de la matrice extracellulaire issue de boues biologiques written by Isabelle Bourven and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les bioréacteurs permettent d’effectuer un traitement biologique des eaux usées grâce aux boues biologiques. Les boues sont des agrégats formés par des microorganismes inclus dans une matrice extracellulaire (MEC). La MEC, formée d’une fraction organique et minérale, est considérée comme la « maison » du biofilm. L’étude de la MEC nécessite son extraction des boues. Nous avons analysé l’impact de la méthode d’extraction sur les PEC (polymères extracellulaires) issues de différentes boues biologiques par chromatographie d’exclusion stérique (HPSEC) couplée à une détection UV. L’impact de la méthode d’extraction sur la fraction minérale des MEC issues de boues activées a aussi été mis en évidence. La microscopie électronique à balayage a montré la présence d’une fraction minérale particulaire. Nous avons ensuite caractérisé la fraction protéique et substances humiques like des PEC par HPSEC couplée la fluorimètrie. Cette méthode départage les protéines-like (large gamme de masse moléculaire (MM)) des substances humiques-like (MM
Book Synopsis Accumulation de molécules organiques modèles par des agrégats biologiques de type boues activées by : Arnaud Conrad
Download or read book Accumulation de molécules organiques modèles par des agrégats biologiques de type boues activées written by Arnaud Conrad and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dans les milieux hydriques, la majorité des micro-organismes se trouve sous forme agrégée. Ces agrégats sont des structures complexes constitués d'une communauté très diversifiée de micro-organismes et d'unematrice de substances exopolymériques (EPS). Des protéines, des polysaccharides, des substances dites humiques, des acides nucléiques et des lipides composent les EPS. La charge globale négative, la présence de domaines hydrophobes, la capacité de dispersion/agrégation des agrégats et les enzymes extracellulaires associées aux EPS confèrent aux agrégats des propriétés adsorbantes particulières et influencent la dispersion des polluants dans l'environnement. Notre étude participe à une réflexion générale sur l'importance du domaine extracellulaire dans l'accumulation des composés organiques par les agrégats biologiques issus des stations d'épuration d'eaux usées urbaines. Ainsi, nous avons analysé les acides gras des agrégats biologiques et des EPS extraits de ces agrégats afin de constituer un référentiel nouveau et déterminer la composition du domaine extracellulaire des agrégats: au moins 85 acides gras différents composent les phospholipides, les 'glycolipides, les lipides neutres et les lipopolysaccharides. Malgré la faible proportion d'acides gras mesurée dans les EPS (1,8 %), ces composés jouent certainement un rôle considérable dans les propriétés adsorbantes des agrégats. Par ailleurs, l'analyse des acides gras des phospholipides montre l'existence de micro-organismes comme des eucaryotes, des bactéries à gram-positif ainsi que des bactéries à gram-négatif, des bactéries sulfato-réductrices, des mycobactéries, des levures et des champignons dans un état plus stressé en période hivernale comme le montre la proportion plus importante d'acides gras insaturés. Par ailleurs, l'analyse des acides gras a permis de séparer les sédiments et les matières en suspension de rivière prélevés en amont et en aval de la zone de rejet des eaux épurées d'une station d'épuration. Notre étude avait aussi pour objectif de créer en laboratoire des agrégats biologiques de propriétés définies par application de discontinuités en oxygène de courte durée. Cette étude a nécessité la standardisation des tests de mesure de l'hydrophobicité des agrégats par le test d'adhésion à l'octane et des EPS par chromatographie d'interaction hydrophobe. L'application de discontinuités en oxygène de courte durée ne semble pas suffisante pour affecter rapidement les caractéristiques physico-chimiques du domaine extracellulaire, même si quelques signaux sont mis en évidence: l'augmentation de la part d'EPS fortement retenus par un ligand hydrophobe, l'augmentation de la quantité de phospholipides des agrégats et l'augmentation de la proportion des acides gras 17:0 et 18:1 augmentent. Enfin, nous avons quantifié l'adsorption par des boues activées de trois molécules organiques (sulfonate d'alkylbenzène linéaire (CIl-LAS), azocaséine et azoalbumine) et la réversibilité de l'adsorption de ces trois molécules. L'adaptation d'outil analytique (extraction en phase solide, chromatographie liquide haute perfomance) a permis l'analyse des sulfonates d'alkylbenzène dans les échantillons d'eaux usées et de rivière. Les agrégats biologiques sont capables d'adsorber rapidement les molécules organiques modèles du milieu aqueux:
Book Synopsis Advances in Solid State Fermentation by : S. Roussos
Download or read book Advances in Solid State Fermentation written by S. Roussos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G.HAINNAUX Departement Milieu et Activites Agricoles, Centre ORSTOM, 911 Avenue d' Agropolis, B.P. 5045, 34032 Montpellier Cedex , France. Solid state fermentation, popularly abbreviated as SSF, is currently investigated by many groups throughout the world. The study of this technique was largely neglected in the past in European and Western countries and there is now a high demand for SSF, meaning in food, environment, agricultural, phannaceutical and many other biotechnological applications. It gives me satisfaction to note that the importance of this technique was realised at my department way back in 1975 since then, our team has put concentrated efforts on developing this technique. xvii Foreword Advances in Solid State Fermentation Foreword M. PUYGRENIER Agropolis Valorisation, Avenue d' Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. On the name of the Scientific Community, I would like to express the wish that this International Symposium on SSF should be successful. Solid State Fermentation is part of biotechnology research. It consists on seeding solid culture medium with bacteria or fungi (filamentous or higher) and on producing, in this medium (solid components and exudates) metabolites and high value products. In fact, this process is very old. In older industries such the food and agricultural, this technique has been extensively used. An example of this is the production of pork sausages and Roquefort cheese. Pharmaceutical industry could make extensive use of SSF in the production of secondary metabolites of many kinds and development in this direction is soon expected.
Book Synopsis Advances in Water and Wastewater Treatment by : Rao Y. Surampalli
Download or read book Advances in Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Rao Y. Surampalli and published by ASCE Publications. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation "Advances in Water and Wastewater Treatment provides state-of-the-art information on the application of innovative technologies for water and wastewater treatment with an emphasis on the scientific principles for pollutant or pathogen removal. Described in detail are the practice and principles of wastewater treatment on topics such as: global warming, sustainable development, nutrient removal, bioplastics production, biosolid digestion and composting, pathogen reduction, metal leaching, secondary clarifiers, surface and subsurface constructed wetland, and wastewater reclamation. Environmental engineers and scientists involved in the practice of environmental engineering will benefit from the basic principles to innovation technologies application."--BOOK JACKET. Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Book Synopsis Sustainable Sludge Management by : R. D. Tyagi
Download or read book Sustainable Sludge Management written by R. D. Tyagi and published by Amer Society of Civil Engineers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stricter regulations in many countries are increasing interest in sludge management processes which promote sustainability. Engineers and scientists are looking for viable options for resource management through the creation of value added-products from wastewater sludge. The ASCE's Technical Committee on Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management identified the need to collect and present the latest information on recent trends in the bioconversion of sludge to value-added products like biopesticides, biosurfactants, enzymes, bioplastics, and biofertilizers/bioflocculants. The committee envisioned an easy-to-read book to serve as a reference for practicing professionals and as a textbook in undergraduate or graduate courses. Sustainable Sludge Management: Production of Value-Added Products offers an examination of wastewater sludge characteristics; a road to sustainability by converting sludge into value-added products; and detailed information on the various types of value-added products being created from sludge. This book will be valuable to undergraduate and graduate students in environmental engineering, educators, researchers, practicing engineers and scientists.
Book Synopsis Sporopollenin Dinoflagellate Cysts by : William R. Evitt
Download or read book Sporopollenin Dinoflagellate Cysts written by William R. Evitt and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Confronting Poverty in Iraq by : World Bank
Download or read book Confronting Poverty in Iraq written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-01-10 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides the most comprehensive and rigorous analysis of Iraqi income and expenditure in several decades. The report makes extensive use of the Iraq Household Socio-Economic Survey, the first nationwide income and expenditure survey since 1988. IHSES data is complemented income and expenditure data from a wide range of other measures of living standards, allowing us to analyze living standards in a holistic way. The analysis presented here was performed with two main goals first, to inform the Government s Poverty Reduction Strategy; and second, to serve as a baseline for future assessments of changes in living standards and the identification of critical issues for deeper examination. Iraqi living standards have two unusual characteristics. First, they have fallen over the past generation. Second, they feature surprisingly little inequality. These characteristics are both rooted in Iraq s recent history of authoritarian government, war, military occupation, insurgency, and civil strife leading to infrastructure destruction and population displacement. There have been few opportunities for individuals to prosper from professional or entrepreneurial activities. Decades of neglected investment have resulted in deterioration of social services and economic infrastructure. Consequently, individuals have lacked capabilities to prosper and an investment climate conducive to prosperity. School enrollment and life expectancy have declined. Extremely low returns to education reflect the combination of poor educational quality and lack of employment opportunities. In terms of economic infrastructure, access to reliable electricity and water, and even access to paved roads are low, are further reflections of decades of neglect. While the upper end of the distribution has been pulled down by a lack of opportunities, the lower end has been supported by direct government provision of food. The Public Distribution System (PDS) provides 85 percent of food needs. While PDS has been useful as a safety net for the poor and the vulnerable, the system is expensive, inefficient, and fiscally risky. Indeed, PDS food rations account for a far greater share of public spending than does education or health. Going forward, Iraq faces two main challenges. First, although Iraq does not have to develop from scratch, it faces a formidable challenge in re-development. Second, a shift by the Government is required from direct provision of basic subsistence toward investment in human capacities. The Government can provide an enabling environment through investments in economic infrastructure and services to business and citizens, thus allowing the population to make productive use of education and their own labor. Both challenges are now being taken up by the Poverty Reduction Strategy, which articulates a detailed set of required actions and outlines priorities for government spending.
Book Synopsis Stratigraphic Correlations by Microfacies in Wetern Aquitaine by : Jean Cuvillier
Download or read book Stratigraphic Correlations by Microfacies in Wetern Aquitaine written by Jean Cuvillier and published by Brill Archive. This book was released on 1961 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conceptual Modeling for Traditional and Spatio-Temporal Applications by : Christine Parent
Download or read book Conceptual Modeling for Traditional and Spatio-Temporal Applications written by Christine Parent and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-02 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From environmental management to land planning and geo-marketing, the number of application domains that may greatly benefit from using data enriched with spatio-temporal features is expanding very rapidly. This book shows that a conceptual design approach for spatio-temporal databases is both feasible and easy to apprehend. While providing a firm basis through extensive discussion of traditional data modeling concepts, the major focus of the book is on modeling spatial and temporal information.
Book Synopsis Solid-State Fermentation Bioreactors by : David A. Mitchell
Download or read book Solid-State Fermentation Bioreactors written by David A. Mitchell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-02 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise professional reference provides a fundamental framework for the design and operation of solid-state fermentation bioreactors, enabling researchers currently working at laboratory scale to scale up their processes. The authors survey bioreactor types in common use, and describe in depth how to plan a project, and model heat transfer phenomena. The book includes case studies, and a review of practical issues involved in bioreactor performance.
Book Synopsis Scientific Canadian Mechanics' Magazine and Patent Office Record by : Canada. Patent Office
Download or read book Scientific Canadian Mechanics' Magazine and Patent Office Record written by Canada. Patent Office and published by . This book was released on 1966-03 with total page 1070 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis American Fertilizers by : Perry Eugene Howard
Download or read book American Fertilizers written by Perry Eugene Howard and published by . This book was released on 1932 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this publication is given a brief description of the production of commercial fertilizer. It is believed that this description, which complex technical discussion and statistics are avoided, will be of use to students, as well as farmers and gardeners.
Author :Water Pollution Control Federation. Subcommittee on Sludge Dewatering Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :128 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Sludge Dewatering by : Water Pollution Control Federation. Subcommittee on Sludge Dewatering
Download or read book Sludge Dewatering written by Water Pollution Control Federation. Subcommittee on Sludge Dewatering and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Wastewater Sludge by : Ludovico Spinosa
Download or read book Wastewater Sludge written by Ludovico Spinosa and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-01-22 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Edition now available - click hereIt is well recognized everywhere that management of sludge derived from wastewater treatment is one of the most critical environmental issues, due to the very fast increase in sludge production as a result of sewerage extension, new installations and upgrading of existing facilities. Within this general picture, sludge is produced under different technical, economic and social contexts, thus requiring different approaches. This report is intended to give an overview of the sludge field in different parts of the world by summarising: current wastewater and sludge treatment provision; current and anticipated legislation; current research horizons; anticipated evolution of management approaches; and prospects for use of innovative and / or simple technologies. The report has been prepared for the Water21 Market Briefing Series in collaboration with the International Water Association's Specialist Group on Sludge Management. It is based on contributions from: Western Europe (Johannes Mueller); Eastern Europe (Pavel Jenicek); North America (Steve Dentel); Latin America and the Caribbean (Jose Barrios); East Asia (Nagaharu Okuno); South Asia and China (Duu-Jong Lee); Africa (Heidi Snyman); and Australasia (David Dixon and Terry Anderson). There is also an introduction and overview section (Ludovico Spinosa).
Book Synopsis Advances in Bioprocess Engineering by : Enrique Galindo
Download or read book Advances in Bioprocess Engineering written by Enrique Galindo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioprocess engineering has played a key role in biotechnology, contributing towards bringing the exciting new discoveries of molecular and cellular biology into the applied sphere, and in maintaining established processes, some centuries-old, efficient and essential for today's industry. Novel developments and new application areas of biotechnology, along with increasing constraints in costs, product quality, regulatory and environmental considerations, have placed the biochemical engineer at the forefront of new challenges. This second volume of Advances in Bioprocess Engineering reflects precisely the multidisciplinary nature of the field, where new and traditional areas of application are nurtured by a better understanding of fundamental phenomena and by the utilization of novel techniques and methodologies. The chapters in this book were written by the invited speakers to the 2nd International Symposium on Bioprocess Engineering, Mazatlan, Mexico, September 1997.
Book Synopsis Enzymes in Industry by : Wolfgang Gerhartz
Download or read book Enzymes in Industry written by Wolfgang Gerhartz and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzyme nomenclature. Structure of enzymes. Enzymes and molecular biology. Catalytic activity of enzymes. Quality evaluation of enzyme preparations. General production methods: fermentation, isolation and purification, immobilization. Industrial uses of enzymes: survey of industrial enzymes, enzymes in starch processing and baking, glucose isomerization, meat processing, dairy products, processing of fruit, vegetables, and wine, hidrolysis of protein, fat, and cellusose, and inversion of sucrose. Enzymes in organic synthesis. Enzymes in analysius and medicine. Enzymes in genetic engineering. Modifying enzymes.
