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Download or read book Building and Testing the SHYSTER-MYCIN Hybrid Legal Expert System written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Thomas A O'Callaghan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (144 download)
Download or read book A Hybrid Legal Expert System written by Thomas A O'Callaghan and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legal expert systems are the nexus of Artificial Intelligence and the law. A legal expert system is "a system capable of performing at a level expected of a lawyer" [Popple 1996, page 3]. Legal expert systems may be designed for use by legally trained people or for use by the general public ("lay-people"). Legal expert systems designed for use by legally trained people aim to provide a method of speeding-up the provision, and improving the accuracy, of legal research undertaken with the aim of advising the client. Designed for use by legally trained people, these systems may assume general legal knowledge. Consequently the questions asked by the system and the reports returned may be stated at a level appropriate for legally trained people. The primary benefit of this category of legal expert system is the reduction of internal cost of legal research. The flow-on benefits for clients reductions in the cost of legal services and consequently improved access to quality representation, and reduction of the time taken to resolve a legal question. Legal expert systems designed for use by lay-people aim to provide greater access to the law. This category of legal expert system is more difficult to create because no legal knowledge by the user can be assumed. The discovery of the facts of the case becomes problematic [Susskind 2001]. More research is required in the area of fact elicitation before such systems become viable. Once they are viable, access to the law should be dramatically improved. A consequential benefit may be a reduction in litigation, as potential litigants could settle their dispute by reference to the advice of a legal expert system. However, such a system would raise an important ethical question -- the creators of such a system may be usurping the role of the courts in that the public may come to rely on the statements by the system as "what the law is". SHYSTER-MYCIN is the legal expert system created for and discussed in this thesis. SHYSTER-MYCIN combines rule-based reasoning with case-based reasoning. The system is designed as the first category of legal expert systems described above: a legal expert system to be consulted by legally trained people. This hybrid system enables the case-based reasoner to determine open-textured concepts when required by the rule-based reasoner, MYCIN. The system operates on a reduced version of the Copyright Act 1968, including cases that define the term "authorization" (see Chapter 2). The Act is reasoned by a system of rules. Whereas cases are reasoned by analogy. This approach is supported by jurisprudential discussions on legal reasoning (see Chapter 3). The system was created in three progressive versions (Chapter 5). The focus of the creation of the system was the reporting of reasons for conclusions. The second and third versions were tested against three criteria: validity, conciseness and correctness (see Chapter 6). The system performed well (see Chapter 7) against those criteria, indicating that the approach taken is appropriate: that is, it is appropriate to use rules to reason with statutes and analogy to reason with cases.
Author : James Popple
Publisher : Australian National Univ.
ISBN 13 : 0731518276
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (315 download)
Download or read book SHYSTER: A Pragmatic Legal Expert System written by James Popple and published by Australian National Univ.. This book was released on 1993-04-29 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most legal expert systems attempt to implement complex models of legal reasoning. But the utility of a legal expert system lies not in the extent to which it simulates a lawyer’s approach to a legal problem, but in the quality of its predictions and of its arguments. A complex model of legal reasoning is not necessary: a successful legal expert system can be based upon a simplified model of legal reasoning. Some researchers have based their systems upon a jurisprudential approach to the law, yet lawyers are patently able to operate without any jurisprudential insight. A useful legal expert system should be capable of producing advice similar to that which one might get from a lawyer, so it should operate at the same pragmatic level of abstraction as does a lawyer—not at the more philosophical level of jurisprudence. A legal expert system called SHYSTER has been developed to demonstrate that a useful legal expert system can be based upon a pragmatic approach to the law. SHYSTER has a simple representation structure which simplifies the problem of knowledge acquisition. Yet this structure is complex enough for SHYSTER to produce useful advice. SHYSTER is a case-based legal expert system (although it has been designed so that it can be linked with a rule-based system to form a hybrid legal expert system). Its advice is based upon an examination of, and an argument about, the similarities and differences between cases. SHYSTER attempts to model the way in which lawyers argue with cases, but it does not attempt to model the way in which lawyers decide which cases to use in those arguments. Instead, it employs statistical techniques to quantify the similarity between cases. It decides which cases to use in argument, and what prediction it will make, on the basis of that similarity measure. SHYSTER is of a general design: it can provide advice in areas of case law that have been specified by a legal expert using a specification language. Hence, it can operate in different legal domains. Four different, and disparate, areas of law have been specified for SHYSTER, and its operation has been tested in each of those domains. Testing of SHYSTER in these four domains indicates that it is exceptionally good at predicting results, and fairly good at choosing cases with which to construct its arguments. SHYSTER demonstrates the viability of a pragmatic approach to legal expert system design.
Author : Margaret A. Boden
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780199292387
Total Pages : 964 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (923 download)
Download or read book Mind as Machine written by Margaret A. Boden and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of cognitive science is one of the most remarkable and fascinating intellectual achievements of the modern era. It brings together psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, computing, philosophy, linguistics, and anthropology in the project of understanding the mind by modelling its workings. Oxford University Press now presents a masterful history of cognitive science, told by one of its most eminent practitioners.
Author : Pooja Raundale
Publisher : Mha Publisher
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (158 download)
Download or read book A Hybrid Intelligent System Approach to Legal Reasoning written by Pooja Raundale and published by Mha Publisher. This book was released on 2023-09-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many legal expert systems are dependent on the concept of complex models. They are implemented using these complex models of legal reasoning. The legal expert systems are useful only if they are used by the users. The users of the expert systems are mainly common men, lawyers or any other person who is studying law. The usability of the Expert System predominantly depends on the quality factor of the system. A complex model of legal reasoning is not necessary; a successful legal expert system can be based upon a simplified model of legal reasoning. A useful legal expert system should be capable of producing advice similar to a lawyer, so it should operate at the same way as a lawyer works in his area. A legal expert system called NIRNAY has been developed to demonstrate that a useful legal expert system can be based upon a pragmatic approach to the law. NIRNAY is a Hybrid Intelligent System which uses two methods of reasoning to give the advice to the user of the system. NIRNAY has an Application layer above the two modules. These modules are Case Based Reasoner module and Rule Based Reasoner module. The rule base and case base are used for representation of knowledge about the domain. NIRNAY is a hybrid intelligent system in the sense that its advice is based upon the two methods of reasoning; it uses the Rule Based Reasoning and Case Based Reasoning to produce the advice. The first module i.e. RBR module checks the validity of the contract and the argument is produced by the CBR module for Breach of Building Contract, an argument, about the similarities and differences between cases. NIRNAY tries to use the way in which lawyers argue with cases. It also attempts to use the way in which lawyers decide which cases to use in the arguments. It makes use of 'similarity measure' to find the similarity between the cases. It decides which cases to use in argument, and what prediction it will make, on the basis of that similarity measure. NIRNAY is tested for both the modules and it indicates that it is exceptionally good at predicting results, and fairly good at choosing cases with which to construct its arguments. NIRNAY demonstrates the viability of a pragmatic approach to legal expert system design.
Author : Yuhua Luo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642042643
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering written by Yuhua Luo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-07 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 6th InternationalConference on Cooperative Design, Visualization and - gineering CDVE 2009 was held in central Europe - Luxembourg. Participants from ?ve continents came together to celebrate this annual event. Thepaperspublishedintheconferenceinthisvolumere?ectthenewprogress in the following aspect. Research in developing cooperative applications is currently focusing on two directions. One is the cooperation in the software development process and the other is the variety of the targeted cooperative software products. Many papers address how to facilitate cooperation in the software engineering process p- ticularly global software engineering. The importance of sharing information in cooperation is emphasized by the authors. For example, papers that addressed the developmentof sharing mental models, tools for easilyshared projects,sh- ing links for cross-media information spaces, sharing resources and transfer of knowledge among team members etc. have attracted special attention. Many papers presented in this volume are the research results of tackling problems in developing a great variety of cooperative software products. The targeted systems are cooperative support for music creation, cooperative process m- agement systems, cooperative visualization systems for geographic information, cooperative cultural information sharing platforms, cooperative reasoning s- tems, cooperative sensor networks for environment monitoring, remote coop- ative video vehicle monitoring systems etc. Another aspect of the papers in this volume is dealing with the problems in ?ner phases in the cooperative product production life cycle. The topics addressed range from partner selection for - operation at the beginning, requirement gathering, requirement negotiation, to cooperativedesign, production to cooperative testing, and ?nally to cooperative system operation.
Author : Nasir, Süphan
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1466629479
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (666 download)
Download or read book Modern Entrepreneurship and E-Business Innovations written by Nasir, Süphan and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2013-02-28 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology has emerged as an important component in businesses and organizations by allowing for modern innovations through the internet and other information and communication technologies. Modern Entrepreneurship and E-Business Innovations provides advanced knowledge of e-entrepreneurship and innovation as well as emerging theories, applications and challenges. This book is an essential reference source for researchers, practitioners, and executives interested in a better understanding of a comprehensive framework for e-business and entrepreneurship.
Author : Ezendu Ariwa
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642226027
Total Pages : 769 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)
Download or read book Digital Enterprise and Information Systems written by Ezendu Ariwa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-20 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Digital Enterprise and Information Systems, held in London during July 20 - 22, 2011. The 70 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected. They are organized in topical sections on cryptography and data protection, embedded systems and software, information technology management, e-business applications and software, critical computing and storage, distributed and parallel applications, digital management products, image processing, digital enterprises, XML-based languages, digital libraries, and data mining.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Donald Nute
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792346302
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (463 download)
Download or read book Defeasible Deontic Logic written by Donald Nute and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-07-31 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These 13 papers collected from several meetings of the Society for Exact Philosophy from 1993-96 take a variety of approaches to the task of integrating normative and defeasible reasoning. While most of the papers propose some version of defeasible deontic logic, a few consider alternatives approaches to solving some of the puzzles of normative reasoning that deontic reasoning has failed to resolve. The authors also describe standard deontic logic. Name index only. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Author : Mohamed S. Abdel Wahab
Publisher : Eleven International Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9789490947255
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (472 download)
Download or read book Online Dispute Resolution written by Mohamed S. Abdel Wahab and published by Eleven International Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a state-of-the-art overview and assessment of the status quo and future of the Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) field. International, comparative, and interdisciplinary approaches have been utilized. Written by leading ODR scholars, the first part of the book includes an in-depth assessment of ODR, its applications, and its future in a comparative and analytical context. The second section offers a regional oriented approach, where the prospects, challenges, and success of ODR - and its applications in the North America, Latin America, Africa, Australia, Europe, and Asia - are mapped and fully addressed. The book is a must read text by scholars, practitioners, academics, and researchers in the dispute resolution and information technology field.
Author : Willard R. Espy
Publisher : Checkmark Books
ISBN 13 : 9780816043132
Total Pages : 692 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (431 download)
Download or read book Words to Rhyme with written by Willard R. Espy and published by Checkmark Books. This book was released on 2001 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An easy-to-use dictionary of over 80,000 rhyming words.
Author : Chandan K. Reddy
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 148223212X
Total Pages : 756 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)
Download or read book Healthcare Data Analytics written by Chandan K. Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the intersection of computer science and healthcare, data analytics has emerged as a promising tool for solving problems across many healthcare-related disciplines. Supplying a comprehensive overview of recent healthcare analytics research, Healthcare Data Analytics provides a clear understanding of the analytical techniques currently available
Author : Yukiyoshi Kameyama
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 354021402X
Total Pages : 317 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Functional and Logic Programming written by Yukiyoshi Kameyama and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-03-24 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Functional and Logic Programming, FLOPS 2004, held in Nara, Japan, in April 2004. The 18 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from 55 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on logic and functional-logic programming, applications, program analysis, rewriting, types and modules, logic and semantics, and functional programming.
Author : Cameron Hutchison
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780433494928
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (949 download)
Download or read book The Fundamentals of Statutory Interpretation written by Cameron Hutchison and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The modern principle is the official approach to statutory interpretation in Canada and is the foundation for the structure of this text. The modern principle focuses on the language of a statutory provision in light of its purpose, intent and context, and Hutchison devotes separate chapters to each of these aspects of statutory interpretation. The Fundamentals of Statutory Interpretation also critiques the various facets of the modern principle with a view to help identify more convincing interpretations of legislative intent. In addition, it tackles complicated issues concerning both the temporal application of statutes, such as retroactivity and retrospectivity, and when legislation may interfere with "vested rights.""--Publisher's website.
Author : Kevin D. Ashley
Publisher : MIT Press (MA)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Modeling Legal Argument written by Kevin D. Ashley and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 1990 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Modeling Legal Argument "provides a comprehensive treatment of case-based reasoning and a detailed description of a computer program called Hypo, that models the way attorneys argue with cases, real and hypothetical. The program offers significant advantages over "keyword" case retrieval systems in the legal field and demonstrates how to design expert systems that assist the user by presenting reasonable alternative answers on all sides of an issue and by citing case examples to explain their advice.Hypo analyzes problem situations dealing with trade secrets disputes, retrieves relevant legal cases from its database and fashions them into reasonable legal arguments about who should win. The arguments demonstrate the program's ability to reason symbolically with past cases, to draw factual analogies between cases, to cite them in arguments, to distinguish them, and to pose counter-examples and hypotheticals based on past cases."Modeling Legal Argument "discusses the law as a paradigm of case-based argument, introduces Hypo and its adversarial reasoning process, provides an overview of the Hypo program, and gives extended examples of the model's reasoning capabilities. It describes the case knowledge base, a dimensional index, basic mechanisms of case-based reasoning, and offers a theory of case-based argument in Hypo. Ashley evaluates Hypo's performance and takes up adversarial case-based reasoning beyond the law and extensions of the Hypo model.Kevin D. Ashley is a Research Scientist at the Learning Research an Development Center and Assistant Professor of Law at the University of Pittsburgh. "Modeling Legal Argument is "included in the Artificial Intelligence and Legal Reasoning series, edited by L. Thorne McCarty and Edwina L. Rissland.
Author : Richard E. Susskind
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Expert Systems in Law written by Richard E. Susskind and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1987 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this comprehensive investigation Susskind uses jurisprudence to articulate the presuppositions and limitations of building expert systems, and to provide sound practical guidance for their design.
