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British Policy In Persia 1918 1925
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Book Synopsis British Policy in Persia, 1918-1925 by : Houshang Sabahi
Download or read book British Policy in Persia, 1918-1925 written by Houshang Sabahi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-06-28 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1990. Viewed from the perspective of Whitehall, Persia was a crossroads where Britain’s European and Indian interests met. Control of Persia by any European power was bound to jeopardize the security of British India. At first London and India hesitantly experimented with the policy of bringing Persia into the British sphere of influence either by contracting an alliance with her or by turning her into a protectorate. Persia’s crushing defeat in the war with Russia put an end to these experiments. The Turkomanchai Treaty of 1828 firmly established Russian influence at Tehran. For the rest of the nineteenth century, the basic thrust of British policy was to prevent Russia from taking control of Persia and, at the same time, to avoid a serious dispute with her over Persia. So Persia had to be preserved as a buffer state. This volume charts the history of Persian Polices from 1918 to 1925.
Book Synopsis British Policy in Persia, 1918-1925 by :
Download or read book British Policy in Persia, 1918-1925 written by and published by Routledge. This book was released on with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis British Policy in Persia, 1918-1925 by : Houshang Sabahi
Download or read book British Policy in Persia, 1918-1925 written by Houshang Sabahi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1990-09-06 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viewed from the perspective of Whitehall, Persia was a crossroadswhere Britain's European and Indian interests met. Control of Persiaby any European power was bound to jeopardize the security ofBritish India. A threat to India could in turn be used as a lever toupset the balance of power in Europe. To forestall this danger, Britaintried various policies. At first London and India hesitantlyexperimented with the policy of bringing Persia into the Britishsphere of influence either by contracting an alliance with her or byturning her into a protectorate. Persia's crushing defeat in the warwith Ru.
Book Synopsis German Foreign Policy Towards Iran Before World War II by : Rashid Khatib-Shahidi
Download or read book German Foreign Policy Towards Iran Before World War II written by Rashid Khatib-Shahidi and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early twentieth-century Iran had been dominated by the competing influences of the two great imperial powers of the time - Russia and Britain - making it difficult for a third power to establish a foothold. But an emergent, highly industrialised and assertive Germany in the 1930s became an attractive ally through which Iran could cut loose from domination by Britain and the Soviet Union, allowing it to seek modernity outside the constraints of old imperial interests. This led to the development of close commercial ties between Reza Shah's Persia and Hitler's Germany in the interwar period, an aspect of German foreign policy that is often overlooked. It was the National Bank of Persia, established in 1927 under German management, and with Kurt Lindenblatt as its governor, that was to be the vehicle for Germany's commercial expansion into Iran. The Bank was a vital engine driving industrialisation, even after Lindenblatt retired and was followed by Gholam Reza Amir-Khosrari and a board of directors including Hossein Ala and Abdul Hossein Hazhir. By the mid-1930s, a new German foreign policy approach of active diplomacy fortified initial inroads into the Iranian economy, building upon the foundations laid by individual entrepreneurs, the National Bank and the construction of the Trans-Iranian Railway. Iran evolved into an attractive country for international trade and, at the outbreak of World War II, Germany was Iran's largest trading partner - surpassing both the Soviet Union and Britain. These close ties reveal a complex relationship between Germany and Iran, and an admiration of the Nazi's brand of industrial, scientific and organisational progress. It was, however, a relationship that came to an abrupt end with the Allied invasion of Iran in 1941 that deposed the Shah. Khatib-Shahidi delves into previously untapped German primary sources to explore the nature of German involvement in Iran between the wars, examining how it came to be moulded by a handful of individuals. This book is a revealing resource on the historical ties between Iran and Germany, making it indispensable for students and researchers of European Imperialism and Colonialism in the Middle East as well as of Iranian Political and Economic History.
Book Synopsis The Making of Modern Iran by : Dr Stephanie Cronin
Download or read book The Making of Modern Iran written by Dr Stephanie Cronin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-11-12 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays, by a distinguished group of specialists, offers a new and exciting interpretation of Riza Shah's Iran. A period of key importance, the years between 1921-1941 have, until now, remained relatively neglected. Recently, however, there has been a marked revival of interest in the history of these two decades and this collection brings together some of the best of this recent new scholarship. Illustrating the diversity and complexity of interpretations to which contemporary scholarship has given rise, the collection looks at both the high politics of the new state and at 'history from below', examining some of the fierce controversies which have arisen surrounding such issues as the gender politics of the new regime, the nature of its nationalism, and its treatment of minorities.
Book Synopsis Austen Chamberlain and the Commitment to Europe by : Dr Richard S Grayson
Download or read book Austen Chamberlain and the Commitment to Europe written by Dr Richard S Grayson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-01-27 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a study of Austen Chamberlain's term of office as Stanley Baldwin's Foreign Secretary from 1924-29. It is argued that Chamberlain's priority was a two-stage policy in Western Europe, which aimed at pacifying both France and Germany, as well as encouraging the League of Nations.
Book Synopsis Tribal Politics in Iran by : Stephanie Cronin
Download or read book Tribal Politics in Iran written by Stephanie Cronin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-01-24 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Placing Iran's 'tribal problem' in its historical context, this innovative and important work provides an overall assessment of tribal politics in the Riza Shah period, challenging conventional political and scholarly approaches to tribal politics.
Book Synopsis Iran at the Paris Peace Conference by : Philip Grobien
Download or read book Iran at the Paris Peace Conference written by Philip Grobien and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2024-06-27 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The end of the Qajar era in Iran, despite the accepted narrative of decline, was in fact an occasion of modern and forward-thinking nationalism. Iran developed an imperial nationalism, which was informed by its experiences under British and Russian hegemony and the absorption of Western modern ideas and practices, and which now looked towards a future as a sovereign and independent state within the foundational framework of its previous Empire. Emboldened by post-WWI notions of self-determination and the development of international institutions devoted to peace, Iran spearheaded its new-found diplomacy by sending a delegation to the peace talks in Paris in 1919. This book shows how Iran's immediate post-war diplomacy came about, the conduct of Iran's delegation to Paris, frustrations with the Anglo-Persian Agreement, and ultimately how Iran's progress became the victim of British imperialism. Throwing a spotlight on an under-researched period of Iranian history, it will be of interest to readers of Iranian history, and those interested in the Paris Peace Conference of 1919.
Book Synopsis Iran and the First World War by : Touraj Atabaki
Download or read book Iran and the First World War written by Touraj Atabaki and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2006-06-28 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First World War, leading to the overthrow of the Qajar regime and replacement by Reza Shah, was pivotal in the history of modern Iran. The Constitutional Revolution of 1906-09 aimed to abolish the arbitrary regime and bring in a modern constitution and parliament. But growing provincial unrest and rebellion by nomadic peoples brought chaos and instability, heightened by the strains of war and intervention by foreign powers. Iran was on the brink of disintegration, modernisation had failed, and growing frustration and pressure from the disillusioned middle classes, intelligentsia and urban population, set the stage for centralisation of power under the `Man of Order' - Reza Shah.
Download or read book Imperial Defence written by Greg Kennedy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-11-21 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new collection of essays, from leading British and Canadian scholars, presents an excellent insight into the strategic thinking of the British Empire. It defines the main areas of the strategic decision-making process that was known as 'Imperial Defence'. The theme is one of imperial defence and defence of empire, so chapters will be historiographical in nature, discussing the major features of each key component of imperial defence, areas of agreement and disagreement in the existing literature on critical interpretations, introducing key individuals and positions and commenting on the appropriateness of existing studies, as well as identifying a raft of new directions for future research.
Book Synopsis British Imperialism in Qajar Iran by : H. Lyman Stebbins
Download or read book British Imperialism in Qajar Iran written by H. Lyman Stebbins and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2016-12-18 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1888, there were just four British consulates in the country; by 1921 there were twenty-three. H. Lyman Stebbins investigates the development and consequences of British imperialism in Iran in a time of international rivalry, revolution and world war. While previous narratives of Anglo-Iranian relations have focused on the highest diplomatic circles in Tehran, London, Calcutta and St. Petersburg, this book argues that British consuls and political agents made the vast southern borderlands of Iran the real centre of British power and influence during this period. Based on British consular archives from Bushihr, Shiraz, Sistan and Muhammarah, this book reveals that Britain, India and Iran were linked together by discourses of colonial knowledge and patterns of political, military and economic control. It also contextualizes the emergence of Iranian nationalism as well as the failure and collapse of the Qajar state during the Iranian Constitutional Revolution and the First World War.
Book Synopsis Britain and the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1906-1911 by : Mansour Bonakdarian
Download or read book Britain and the Iranian Constitutional Revolution of 1906-1911 written by Mansour Bonakdarian and published by Syracuse University Press. This book was released on 2006-06-30 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thoroughly researched account, Mansour Bonakdarian provides an in-depth exploration of the substantial British support for the Iranian constitutional and national struggle of 1906-1911, illuminating the opposition in Britain to Anglo-Russian imperialist intervention in Iran. In painstaking and compelling detail Bonakdarian analyzes, in particular, the role of the Persia Committee, a lobbying group founded in 1908 for the sole purpose of changing Britain's policy toward Iran. This book's strength lies in its coverage of how Sir Edward Grey's policy toward Iran was shaped and the extent to which this policy was affected by sustained criticism from a number of disparate groups including dissenters, radicals, socialists, liberal imperialists, and conservatives. The volume and breadth of primary archival materials used is extensive. Not only have all the standard collections been examined, such as the Foreign Office files and the Cabinet and Grey papers, but also numerous private archives in international libraries have been consulted. Bonakdarian's deep understanding of the Iranian issues yields a rich and balanced approach to the literature in the field. With clear and systematic arguments, he offers an account of diplomatic history that is accessible and persuasive. His scholarship is certain to reinvigorate dialogue on the subject of Anglo-Iranian relations.
Book Synopsis Iran in the 20th Century by : Touraj Atabaki
Download or read book Iran in the 20th Century written by Touraj Atabaki and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2009-06-17 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Political upheaval has marked Iran's history throughout the twentieth century. Wars, revolutions, coups and the impact of modernism have shaped Iran's historiography, as they have the country's history. Originally based on oral and written sources, which underpinned traditional genealogical and dynastic history, Iran's historiography was transformed in the early 20th century with the development of a 'new' school of presenting history. Here emphasis shifted from the anecdotal story-telling genre to social, political, economic, cultural and religious history-writing. A new understanding of the nation state and the importance of identity and foreign relations in defining Iran's place in the modern world all served to transform the perspective of Iranian historiography. Touraj Atabaki here brings together a range of rich contributions from international scholars who cover the leading themes of the historiography of 20th-century Iran, including constitutional reform and revolution, literature and architecture, identity, women and gender, nationalism, modernism, Orientalism, Marxism and Islamism.
Book Synopsis The Arabian Frontier of the British Raj by : James Onley
Download or read book The Arabian Frontier of the British Raj written by James Onley and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2007-11-22 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arabian Frontier of the British Raj tells the story behind one of the British Indian Empire's most forbidding frontiers: Eastern Arabia. Taking the shaikhdom of Bahrain as a case study, James Onley reveals how heavily Britain's informal empire in the Gulf, and other regions surrounding British India, depended upon the assistance and support of local elites.
Book Synopsis Iranian History and Politics by : Homa Katouzian
Download or read book Iranian History and Politics written by Homa Katouzian and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-11-12 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the most detailed and comprehensive statement of Homa Katouzian's theory of arbitrary state and society in Iran, and its applications to Iranian history and politics, both modern and traditional. Every chapter is a study of its own specific topics while being firmly a part of the whole argument. The discussions include close comparisons with the history of Europe to demonstrate the diversities of the logic and sociology of Iranian history from their European counterparts. Being the first modern theory of Iranian history, it is highly regarded by Iranian historians and social scientists, especially as it has helped to resolve many of the anomalies resulting from the application of traditional theories.
Book Synopsis East and West of Zagros by : Edmonds
Download or read book East and West of Zagros written by Edmonds and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009-10-26 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: C.J. Edmonds published articles in orientalist journals and co-authored with Taufiq Wahby A Kurdish-English dictionary (Oxford, 1966). He published his memoirs of Iraq, Kurds, Turks, and Arabs : politics, travel and research in North-Eastern Iraq, 1919-1925 (London - New York, 1957), but his Persian memoirs remained unpublished. It tells how, after studying oriental languages in Cambridge, he became Consular Officer in Bushire, participated in British campaigns in Mesopotamia during First World War. As a Political Officer in Luristan Edmonds was in charge of the oil fields’ security and was sent to Northern Persia after the war, a direct witness of the Jangal upheaval and the 1921 coup d’Etat.
Book Synopsis British Diplomacy and the Iranian Revolution, 1978-1981 by : Luman Ali
Download or read book British Diplomacy and the Iranian Revolution, 1978-1981 written by Luman Ali and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-19 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates how British diplomats in Tehran and London reacted to the overthrow of the Shah and the creation of an Islamic Republic in Iran, which had previously been a major political and commercial partner for London in the Middle East. Making substantial use of recently declassified archival material, the book explores the role of a significant diplomatic institution – the resident embassy – and the impact of revolutions on diplomatic relations. It evaluates the performance of those charged with British diplomacy during the Iranian Revolution, as Britain’s position fell from favour under the post-revolutionary regime. Examining the views of key diplomatic personnel at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and British ministers, this study seeks to explain how British policy towards Iran was shaped and the means of diplomacy employed. In charting the evolution of Britain’s diplomatic relationship with Iran during this period, a number of factors are considered, including historical experience, geography, economics, world politics and domestic concerns. It also highlights the impact of events within the Iranian domestic political scene which were beyond London’s control but which shaped British policy significantly.
