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Author : Cherif Reda
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781484302910
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (29 download)
Download or read book Breaking the Oil Spell written by Cherif Reda and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Reda Cherif
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484317424
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Breaking the Oil Spell written by Reda Cherif and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The “Gulf Falcons”—the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council—have high living standards as a result of large income flows from oil. The decline of oil prices between summer 2014 and fall 2015 underscores the urgency for the Gulf Falcons to diversify away from their current heavy reliance on oil exports. This book discusses attempts at diversification in the Middle East and North Africa and the complex choices policymakers face. It brings together the views of academics and policymakers to offer practical advice for future efforts to increase productivity growth.
Author : Reda Cherif
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Call of Duty: Industrial Policy for the Post-Oil Era written by Reda Cherif and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-03-29 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil-exporting economies face the risk of an acceleration in the energy transition. A risk-based approach calls for urgent preparation for the post-oil era by diversifying exports and transforming the prevailing growth model. We outline the principles of industrial policy to achieve this objective based on the experience of the Asian Miracles and propose a sketch of the strategy required to transform these principles into practice. The key component of the strategy is to select sectors along two dimensions—proximity to the current production structure or capabilities set and a timeframe for results to materialize. The three strategies—snail crawl, leapfrogging, and moonshots—determine how far from the current production structure the selected sectors are. These sectors need to show results both in the short run to jumpstart growth and ensure policy continuity—“quick wins”—and the long run to create a new growth model—“transformative gains.” We argue that the strategy should focus on supporting the exports of sophisticated sectors in both manufacturing and services while capitalizing on complex tasks and activities in existing industries but should leave non-sophisticated sectors such as tourism and non-tradable services to the private sector.
Author : Gerina Dunwich
Publisher : Red Wheel/Weiser
ISBN 13 : 1632658283
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (326 download)
Download or read book Exploring Spellcraft written by Gerina Dunwich and published by Red Wheel/Weiser. This book was released on 2001-11-01 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author of The Wicca Spellbook explains in simple language what magick is and the way in which it works. Readers will learn spells for every occasion and explore the magickal properties of herbs and gemstones, weatherworking, potion-brewing, and love enchantment. Includes a biographical section, directory of resources, and an annotated bibliography.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 149831788X
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)
Download or read book Qatar written by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-06-03 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper focuses on policies to drive diversification for Qatar. Diversification is important for a large commodity exporter like Qatar: it helps manage temporary shocks and prepare for sweeping changes to the economic setting. Qatar’s large financial holdings can help diversify revenues. Both structural reforms to improve the business environment and sector-specific policies can support diversification of activity and exports. Sector-specific policies should build on existing economic strengths in areas with room for exports and innovation. Emphasis should be placed on developing expertise in specific clusters. Export markets and competition provide crucial mechanisms to ensure discipline. Further diversification is important to help Qatar manage temporary shocks and prepare for far-reaching shifts to the economic context. Well-targeted, structured, and sequenced policies to encourage specific sectors can also play a role in diversifying Qatar’s economy. Export markets and competition should be deliberately used to hold recipients of support accountable. Policies to encourage specific sectors have resulted in little more than inefficient import substitution in many countries. Avoiding this outcome requires discipline: support should be withdrawn in the absence of progress.
Author : Hites Ahir
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513566601
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Macroeconomic Research in Low-income Countries written by Hites Ahir and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-24 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite strong economic growth since 2000, many low-income countries (LICs) still face numerous macroeconomic challenges, even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the deceleration in real GDP growth during the 2008 global financial crisis, LICs on average saw 4.5 percent of real GDP growth during 2000 to 2014, making progress in economic convergence toward higher-income countries. However, the commodity price collapse in 2014–15 hit many commodity-exporting LICs and highlighted their vulnerabilities due to the limited extent of economic diversification. Furthermore, LICs are currently facing a crisis like no other—COVID-19, which requires careful policymaking to save lives and livelihoods in LICs, informed by policy debate and thoughtful research tailored to the COVID-19 situation. There are also other challenges beyond COVID-19, such as climate change, high levels of public debt burdens, and persistent structural issues.
Author : Reda Cherif
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498305407
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)
Download or read book The Return of the Policy That Shall Not Be Named: Principles of Industrial Policy written by Reda Cherif and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-03-26 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial policy is tainted with bad reputation among policymakers and academics and is often viewed as the road to perdition for developing economies. Yet the success of the Asian Miracles with industrial policy stands as an uncomfortable story that many ignore or claim it cannot be replicated. Using a theory and empirical evidence, we argue that one can learn more from miracles than failures. We suggest three key principles behind their success: (i) the support of domestic producers in sophisticated industries, beyond the initial comparative advantage; (ii) export orientation; and (iii) the pursuit of fierce competition with strict accountability.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513513486
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Saudi Arabia written by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-09-09 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues paper explores policies to drive diversification for Saudi Arabia. Diversification is needed to create jobs for Saudis and to mitigate the impact of uncertainty in oil markets. Although the business climate should be improved, and remaining infrastructure gaps addressed, reforms need to go beyond these areas. Diversification in Saudi Arabia that creates jobs for nationals could be held back by the effects of relatively high wages and their impact on cost competitiveness. Creative solutions are needed to address the impact of high government wages and employment on competitiveness. Industrial policy could help overcome the incentives that encourage companies to focus on the nontradable sector, but should be handled carefully, keeping lessons from other countries’ experiences in mind. Export orientation and competition are crucial mechanisms to ensure discipline. Strengthening human capital to raise productivity and provide workers with the skills needed in the private sector will be essential to success.
Author : Amr Hosny
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513545361
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Macro-Structural Obstacles to Firm Performance: Evidence from 2,640 Firms in Nigeria written by Amr Hosny and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-05-22 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A recent World Bank enterprise survey identified access to finance as the top constraint to Doing Business in Nigeria. In this context, the objective of this paper is two-fold: (i) study firm characteristics associated with more access to finance and export diversification; and (ii) quantify the impact of these structural obstacles on firm performance. Results suggest that (i) larger and export-oriented firms are about 40 percentage points less likely to report access to finance as a business obstacle, while firms perceiving access to finance as a constraint are, on average, about 10-40 percentage points less likely to be export-oriented diversified firms; and (ii) better access to finance and export diversification can help firm employment —as much as 80 percent higher— and capacity utilization. Results are largely robust to different specifications and estimation methods.
Author : Asian Development Bank
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
ISBN 13 : 9292692429
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (926 download)
Download or read book Developing the Services Sector for Economic Diversification in CAREC Countries written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2021-12-01 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The services sector is becoming a key driver of economic development in most members of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program. This study underscores the potential for greater economic diversification through robust development of seven key services subsectors and industries that are critical for economies in the region to function and thrive. CAREC members also need to adopt a coherent and comprehensive approach to the balanced development of these interdependent services subsectors. Enabling conditions such as good governance, competitive markets, strong regional cooperation and integration, efficient labor markets, and high quality physical and digital infrastructure are crucial.
Author : Reda Cherif
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 31 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Industrial Policy for Growth and Diversification: A Conceptual Framework written by Reda Cherif and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-09-30 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As countries strive for a strong recovery and to recoup the losses incurred during the COVID-19 pandemic, they need to map out a new path for development and high and sustained growth. Promoting diversification, developing new industrial capabilities, and designing the policies needed to achieve this goal should be a priority. A successful diversification strategy should tackle both broad policy failures, such as an unfavorable business environment and investment climate and sector-specific market failures. This departmental paper presents a conceptual framework to analyze industrial policy, defined as targeted sectoral interventions. The authors first discuss the key principles that should guide policymakers, that is, a focus on the market failures that could justify targeted sectoral interventions, as well as the potential government failures that can undermine these interventions. The authors then discuss some commonly employed policy tools, their rationale, and the associated pitfalls. Finally, the authors outline a stylized decision-making framework.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513574175
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Competition, Innovation, and Inclusive Growth written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-19 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We provide an overview of the theories and empricial evidence on the complex relationship among innovation, competition, and inclusive growth. Competition and innovation-led growth are critical to drive productivity gains and support broad-based growth. However, new technologies and trends in market concentration are stifling future innovation while contributing to the marked increase in inequality. Beyond consumer welfare in a narrow market, competition policy should adapt to this new reality by considering the spillover and dynamic effects of market power, especially on firm entry, innovation, and inequality. Innovation policies should tackle not only government failures but also market failures.
Author : Albert G. Zeufack
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040006027
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)
Download or read book Making the African Continental Free Trade Agreement a Success written by Albert G. Zeufack and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-04-05 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2019, African heads of state and governments launched in fanfare the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), a historic agreement for economic transformation across the continent. But now comes the hard bit: how to make the agreement a success? In this book, senior experts from across the world come together to provide a comprehensive analysis of the conditions needed for AfCFTA to successfully spur economic development in Africa. It puts forward three foundations for success: demography dividend, digital economy, and economic diversification. In addition to trade policy, the book recommends that African policymakers should strengthen fiscal and monetary policy coordination, adopt and implement the appropriate regulatory environment, and build suitable connectivity infrastructure. The stakes are high. If implemented correctly, the book argues that AfCFTA could speed up trade within Africa, which could double every five years. Success would mean growth, investment, changing trade patterns, jobs, economic transformation, poverty reduction, and a continental market for services. Driven by concrete, evidence-based strategies for long-term growth, this book is an essential read for policy makers, development practitioners, economics researchers, and everyone with an interest in the future of Africa.
Author : Aris Ananta
Publisher : ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute
ISBN 13 : 9815011693
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Stability, Growth and Sustainability written by Aris Ananta and published by ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute. This book was released on 2023-01-18 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As in many other oil and gas dependent countries, Brunei Darussalam—a country with a small population but the second highest income per capita in Southeast Asia—has been diversifying its economy in three sectors: from oil and gas to other sectors of export/economic growth; from the dominance of public sector employment to a more balanced public and private sectors employment; and from heavy dependence on foreign labours to development of local talents. This book examines the current socio-economic development in the journey toward a diversified social economy, as targeted in Brunei Vision 2035. By examining the unique context of Brunei, this book fills in the gap on studies focusing on socio-economic diversification. It highlights the importance of the environment, digital technology and human capital in the diversification process. The book culminates with analyses on business, economy, employment and welfare in Brunei toward 2035, with a new face: a digitalized, sustainable and self-reliant society with a highly developed human capital and a flourishing private sector. "This is a very useful analysis of the challenges facing Brunei Darussalam as the country prepares itself for the 21st century. We are in an unprecedented period of human connectivity facilitated by an increasingly digitalised and high-tech world. The transition which the people, policy and business sectors have to undergo, and survive, is a fascinating learning journey for a small state. This book has succinctly highlighted the experiences we should pick up and apply where relevant for our respective countries going forward." -- Ambassador Ong Keng Yong, Executive Deputy Chairman, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; and the 11th Secretary-General of ASEAN "This forward-looking study of the Brunei economy is timely and topical. Appropriately, the authors identify 'diversification' as the country's key economic challenge, in preparation for the exhaustion of oil reserves and as the world progressively decarbonises. To this end they set out a comprehensive reform agenda focused on education, the labour market, social policy, the development of non-oil industries, environmental objectives and much else. This is a very useful and informative guide not only for the Brunei government and society, but also for neighbouring ASEAN member states." -- Professor Emeritus Hal Hill, Australian National University "This collection fills a considerable gap in our knowledge of the socio-economic circumstances and developmental trajectories of Brunei Darussalam. In particular, it serves as a major and much needed contribution to our understanding of the challenges of economic diversification in an oil- and gas-dependent sultanate." -- Professor Emeritus Victor T. King, University of Leeds "This book aims to identify and discuss the various issues about, challenges faced by, and opportunities from Brunei’s diversification of her oil-dependent economy in response to the changing economic landscape at the national, regional and global levels. The various chapters provide a comprehensive analysis of the different sectors of Brunei’s economy, and the authors’ clear discussion of their arguments and justifications that are substantiated with relevant data and graphical illustrations, and a wide range of primary and secondary materials. I would like to congratulate the authors for this excellent book and recommend it to those who are interested in knowing and understanding Brunei’s economy." -- Associate Professor Teofilo C. Daquila, National University of Singapore
Author : Mirza H. Alqassab
Publisher : Troubador Publishing Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1838595015
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (385 download)
Download or read book Life After Oil written by Mirza H. Alqassab and published by Troubador Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gulf Arab states became rich by accident. Their golden ticket was oil, which has become the lifeblood of their social and economic systems. But they are prone to become a ‘vanishing Eden’, if the oil curse endures further and economic transformation remains a mirage. LIFE AFTER OIL highlights the economic vulnerability of the Gulf states after the oil party ends. The region depends heavily on imports financed by petrodollars. So, when demand for oil sinks and prices plummet, or when oil and gas reserves ultimately vanish, their survival will be extremely challenged. LIFE AFTER OIL raises the alarm to the impending survival challenges to face the burgeoning Gulf societies in the post-oil era, and tackles the ultimate question: what will the future look like?
Author : Martin Beck
Publisher : Manchester University Press
ISBN 13 : 1526149087
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (261 download)
Download or read book Oil and the political economy in the Middle East written by Martin Beck and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-17 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The downhill slide in the global price of crude oil, which started mid-2014, had major repercussions across the Middle East for net oil exporters, as well as importers closely connected to the oil-producing countries from the Gulf. Following the Arab uprisings of 2010 and 2011, the oil price decline represented a second major shock for the region in the early twenty-first century – one that has continued to impose constraints, but also provided opportunities. Offering the first comprehensive analysis of the Middle Eastern political economy in response to the 2014 oil price decline, this book connects oil market dynamics with an understanding of socio-political changes. Inspired by rentierism, the contributors present original studies on Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. The studies reveal a large diversity of country-specific policy adjustment strategies: from the migrant workers in the Arab Gulf, who lost out in the post-2014 period but were incapable of repelling burdensome adjustment policies, to Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon, who have never been able to fulfil the expectation that they could benefit from the 2014 oil price decline. With timely contributions on the COVID-19-induced oil price crash in 2020, this collection signifies that rentierism still prevails with regard to both empirical dynamics in the Middle East and academic discussions on its political economy.
Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464816379
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Breaking Out of Fragility written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iraq is at a crossroads. Almost two decades after the 2003 war, the country remains caught in a fragility trap, facing increasing political instability, growing social unrest, and a deepening state-citizen divide. Amid a multitude of crises—including an oil price shock, the COVID-19 pandemic, and recent instability and protests—coupled with poor economic policies, a lack of reforms, and an inability to tackle corruption, Iraq is having its worst annual economic growth performance in 2020 since the fall of the Saddam regime. But with every crisis comes an opportunity to reform. Iraq can embark on a long but much-needed path toward structural transformation, one that could leave its economy less dependent on oil and more driven by private sector activity. Such a path can no longer be avoided, as has been illustrated by the widespread protests since October 2019. This report highlights what Iraq can do to sustain future growth; it also shows why Iraq has not yet managed to achieve high levels of diversified growth alongside peace, stability, and a better standard of living for its people. Iraq’s high levels of fragility and conflict--reinforced by high oil dependency--hinder the country’s prospects for economic reform and growth. Despite Iraq’s existing sociopolitical and economic environment, three encouraging messages emerge from this report. First, there is a peace dividend in Iraq. Iraq’s per capita GDP was about one-fifth lower in 2018 than it would have been if not for the conflict beginning in 2014. Thus, maintaining peace can by itself be a strong driver of growth. Second, Iraq has latent export potential for a variety of goods that, if tapped, could diversify the country’s economy, raise living standards, and boost economic resilience. Third, Iraqi agriculture could be revived to serve as a pillar of a more diversified and private sector†“led economy.
