Branding And Designing Disability

Download Branding And Designing Disability full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Branding And Designing Disability ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Branding and Designing Disability

Author : Elizabeth DePoy
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136203079
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (362 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Branding and Designing Disability by : Elizabeth DePoy

Download or read book Branding and Designing Disability written by Elizabeth DePoy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-27 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past fifty years, design and branding have become omnipotent in the market and have made their way to other domains as well. Given their potential to divide humans into categories and label their worth and value, design and branding can wield immense but currently unharnessed powers of social change. Groups designed as devalued can be undesigned, redesigned and rebranded to seamlessly and equivalently participate in community, work and civic life. This innovative book argues that disability as a concept and category is created, reified, and segregated through current design and branding that begs for creative change. Transcending models of disability that locate it either as an embodied medical condition or as a socially constructed entity, this book challenges the very existence and usefulness of the category itself. Proposing and illustrating creative and responsible design, DePoy and Gilson include thinking and action strategies that are useful and potent for "undesigning", redesigning, and rebranding to meet the full range of human needs and to enhance full participation in local through global communities. Divided into two parts, the first section presents a critical examination of disability as a designed and branded phenomenon, exploring what exactly is being designed and branded and how. The second part investigates the redesign of disability and provides principles for redesign and rebranding illustrated with examples from high-tech to place-based sustainable strategies. The book provides a unique and contemporary framework for thinking about disability as well as providing relevant design and branding guidance to designers and engineers interested in embodiment issues.

Branding and Designing Disability

Author : Elizabeth DePoy
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136203087
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (362 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Branding and Designing Disability by : Elizabeth DePoy

Download or read book Branding and Designing Disability written by Elizabeth DePoy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-27 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past fifty years, design and branding have become omnipotent in the market and have made their way to other domains as well. Given their potential to divide humans into categories and label their worth and value, design and branding can wield immense but currently unharnessed powers of social change. Groups designed as devalued can be undesigned, redesigned and rebranded to seamlessly and equivalently participate in community, work and civic life. This innovative book argues that disability as a concept and category is created, reified, and segregated through current design and branding that begs for creative change. Transcending models of disability that locate it either as an embodied medical condition or as a socially constructed entity, this book challenges the very existence and usefulness of the category itself. Proposing and illustrating creative and responsible design, DePoy and Gilson include thinking and action strategies that are useful and potent for "undesigning", redesigning, and rebranding to meet the full range of human needs and to enhance full participation in local through global communities. Divided into two parts, the first section presents a critical examination of disability as a designed and branded phenomenon, exploring what exactly is being designed and branded and how. The second part investigates the redesign of disability and provides principles for redesign and rebranding illustrated with examples from high-tech to place-based sustainable strategies. The book provides a unique and contemporary framework for thinking about disability as well as providing relevant design and branding guidance to designers and engineers interested in embodiment issues.

Design Meets Disability

Author : Graham Pullin
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262516748
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (625 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Design Meets Disability by : Graham Pullin

Download or read book Design Meets Disability written by Graham Pullin and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-09-30 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How design for disabled people and mainstream design could inspire, provoke, and radically change each other. Eyeglasses have been transformed from medical necessity to fashion accessory. This revolution has come about through embracing the design culture of the fashion industry. Why shouldn't design sensibilities also be applied to hearing aids, prosthetic limbs, and communication aids? In return, disability can provoke radical new directions in mainstream design. Charles and Ray Eames's iconic furniture was inspired by a molded plywood leg splint that they designed for injured and disabled servicemen. Designers today could be similarly inspired by disability. In Design Meets Disability, Graham Pullin shows us how design and disability can inspire each other. In the Eameses' work there was a healthy tension between cut-to-the-chase problem solving and more playful explorations. Pullin offers examples of how design can meet disability today. Why, he asks, shouldn't hearing aids be as fashionable as eyewear? What new forms of braille signage might proliferate if designers kept both sighted and visually impaired people in mind? Can simple designs avoid the need for complicated accessibility features? Can such emerging design methods as “experience prototyping” and “critical design” complement clinical trials? Pullin also presents a series of interviews with leading designers about specific disability design projects, including stepstools for people with restricted growth, prosthetic legs (and whether they can be both honest and beautifully designed), and text-to-speech technology with tone of voice. When design meets disability, the diversity of complementary, even contradictory, approaches can enrich each field.

Designing Disability

Author : Elizabeth Guffey
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350004286
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Designing Disability by : Elizabeth Guffey

Download or read book Designing Disability written by Elizabeth Guffey and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-12-28 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designing Disability traces the emergence of an idea and an ideal – physical access for the disabled – through the evolution of the iconic International Symbol of Access (ISA). The book draws on design history, material culture and recent critical disability studies to examine not only the development of a design icon, but also the cultural history surrounding it. Infirmity and illness may be seen as part of human experience, but 'disability' is a social construct, a way of thinking about and responding to a natural human condition. Elizabeth Guffey's highly original and wide-ranging study considers the period both before and after the introduction of the ISA, tracing the design history of the wheelchair, a product which revolutionised the mobility needs of many disabled people from the 1930s onwards. She also examines the rise of 'barrier-free architecture' in the reception of the ISA, and explores how the symbol became widely adopted and even a mark of identity for some, especially within the Disability Rights Movement. Yet despite the social progress which is inextricably linked to the ISA, a growing debate has unfurled around the symbol and its meanings. The most vigorous critiques today have involved guerrilla art, graffiti and studio practice, reflecting new challenges to the relationship between design and disability in the twenty-first century.

Building Access

Author : Aimi Hamraie
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 1452955565
Total Pages : 443 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (529 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Building Access by : Aimi Hamraie

Download or read book Building Access written by Aimi Hamraie and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2017-11-01 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “All too often,” wrote disabled architect Ronald Mace, “designers don’t take the needs of disabled and elderly people into account.” Building Access investigates twentieth-century strategies for designing the world with disability in mind. Commonly understood in terms of curb cuts, automatic doors, Braille signs, and flexible kitchens, Universal Design purported to create a built environment for everyone, not only the average citizen. But who counts as “everyone,” Aimi Hamraie asks, and how can designers know? Blending technoscience studies and design history with critical disability, race, and feminist theories, Building Access interrogates the historical, cultural, and theoretical contexts for these questions, offering a groundbreaking critical history of Universal Design. Hamraie reveals that the twentieth-century shift from “design for the average” to “design for all” took place through liberal political, economic, and scientific structures concerned with defining the disabled user and designing in its name. Tracing the co-evolution of accessible design for disabled veterans, a radical disability maker movement, disability rights law, and strategies for diversifying the architecture profession, Hamraie shows that Universal Design was not just an approach to creating new products or spaces, but also a sustained, understated activist movement challenging dominant understandings of disability in architecture, medicine, and society. Illustrated with a wealth of rare archival materials, Building Access brings together scientific, social, and political histories in what is not only the pioneering critical account of Universal Design but also a deep engagement with the politics of knowing, making, and belonging in twentieth-century United States.

Accessible America

Author : Bess Williamson
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1479802492
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Accessible America by : Bess Williamson

Download or read book Accessible America written by Bess Williamson and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of design that is often overlooked—until we need it Have you ever hit the big blue button to activate automatic doors? Have you ever used an ergonomic kitchen tool? Have you ever used curb cuts to roll a stroller across an intersection? If you have, then you’ve benefited from accessible design—design for people with physical, sensory, and cognitive disabilities. These ubiquitous touchstones of modern life were once anything but. Disability advocates fought tirelessly to ensure that the needs of people with disabilities became a standard part of public design thinking. That fight took many forms worldwide, but in the United States it became a civil rights issue; activists used design to make an argument about the place of people with disabilities in public life. In the aftermath of World War II, with injured veterans returning home and the polio epidemic reaching the Oval Office, the needs of people with disabilities came forcibly into the public eye as they never had before. The US became the first country to enact federal accessibility laws, beginning with the Architectural Barriers Act in 1968 and continuing through the landmark Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990, bringing about a wholesale rethinking of our built environment. This progression wasn’t straightforward or easy. Early legislation and design efforts were often haphazard or poorly implemented, with decidedly mixed results. Political resistance to accommodating the needs of people with disabilities was strong; so, too, was resistance among architectural and industrial designers, for whom accessible design wasn’t “real” design. Bess Williamson provides an extraordinary look at everyday design, marrying accessibility with aesthetic, to provide an insight into a world in which we are all active participants, but often passive onlookers. Richly detailed, with stories of politics and innovation, Williamson’s Accessible America takes us through this important history, showing how American ideas of individualism and rights came to shape the material world, often with unexpected consequences.

What Can a Body Do?

Author : Sara Hendren
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 073522000X
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (352 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis What Can a Body Do? by : Sara Hendren

Download or read book What Can a Body Do? written by Sara Hendren and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2020-08-18 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Named a Best Book of the Year by NPR and LitHub Winner of the 2021 Science in Society Journalism Book Prize A fascinating and provocative new way of looking at the things we use and the spaces we inhabit, and a call to imagine a better-designed world for us all. Furniture and tools, kitchens and campuses and city streets—nearly everything human beings make and use is assistive technology, meant to bridge the gap between body and world. Yet unless, or until, a misfit between our own body and the world is acute enough to be understood as disability, we may never stop to consider—or reconsider—the hidden assumptions on which our everyday environment is built. In a series of vivid stories drawn from the lived experience of disability and the ideas and innovations that have emerged from it—from cyborg arms to customizable cardboard chairs to deaf architecture—Sara Hendren invites us to rethink the things and settings we live with. What might assistance based on the body’s stunning capacity for adaptation—rather than a rigid insistence on “normalcy”—look like? Can we foster interdependent, not just independent, living? How do we creatively engineer public spaces that allow us all to navigate our common terrain? By rendering familiar objects and environments newly strange and wondrous, What Can a Body Do? helps us imagine a future that will better meet the extraordinary range of our collective needs and desires.

Mismatch

Author : Kat Holmes
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262038889
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Mismatch by : Kat Holmes

Download or read book Mismatch written by Kat Holmes and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2018-10-16 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How inclusive methods can build elegant design solutions that work for all. Sometimes designed objects reject their users: a computer mouse that doesn't work for left-handed people, for example, or a touchscreen payment system that only works for people who read English phrases, have 20/20 vision, and use a credit card. Something as simple as color choices can render a product unusable for millions. These mismatches are the building blocks of exclusion. In Mismatch, Kat Holmes describes how design can lead to exclusion, and how design can also remedy exclusion. Inclusive design methods—designing objects with rather than for excluded users—can create elegant solutions that work well and benefit all. Holmes tells stories of pioneers of inclusive design, many of whom were drawn to work on inclusion because of their own experiences of exclusion. A gamer and designer who depends on voice recognition shows Holmes his “Wall of Exclusion,” which displays dozens of game controllers that require two hands to operate; an architect shares her firsthand knowledge of how design can fail communities, gleaned from growing up in Detroit's housing projects; an astronomer who began to lose her eyesight adapts a technique called “sonification” so she can “listen” to the stars. Designing for inclusion is not a feel-good sideline. Holmes shows how inclusion can be a source of innovation and growth, especially for digital technologies. It can be a catalyst for creativity and a boost for the bottom line as a customer base expands. And each time we remedy a mismatched interaction, we create an opportunity for more people to contribute to society in meaningful ways.

Making Disability Modern

Author : Bess Williamson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350070440
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Making Disability Modern by : Bess Williamson

Download or read book Making Disability Modern written by Bess Williamson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-07-23 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making Disability Modern: Design Histories brings together leading scholars from a range of disciplinary and national perspectives to examine how designed objects and spaces contributes to the meanings of ability and disability from the late 18th century to the present day, and in homes, offices, and schools to realms of national and international politics. The contributors reveal the social role of objects - particularly those designed for use by people with disabilities, such as walking sticks, wheelchairs, and prosthetic limbs - and consider the active role that makers, users and designers take to reshape the material environment into a usable world. But it also aims to make clear that definitions of disability-and ability-are often shaped by design.

Disability Visibility

Author : Alice Wong
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 1984899422
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (848 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Disability Visibility by : Alice Wong

Download or read book Disability Visibility written by Alice Wong and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Disability rights activist Alice Wong brings tough conversations to the forefront of society with this anthology. It sheds light on the experience of life as an individual with disabilities, as told by none other than authors with these life experiences. It's an eye-opening collection that readers will revisit time and time again.” —Chicago Tribune One in five people in the United States lives with a disability. Some disabilities are visible, others less apparent—but all are underrepresented in media and popular culture. Activist Alice Wong brings together this urgent, galvanizing collection of contemporary essays by disabled people, just in time for the thirtieth anniversary of the Americans with Disabilities Act, From Harriet McBryde Johnson’s account of her debate with Peter Singer over her own personhood to original pieces by authors like Keah Brown and Haben Girma; from blog posts, manifestos, and eulogies to Congressional testimonies, and beyond: this anthology gives a glimpse into the rich complexity of the disabled experience, highlighting the passions, talents, and everyday lives of this community. It invites readers to question their own understandings. It celebrates and documents disability culture in the now. It looks to the future and the past with hope and love.

Doing Disability Differently

Author : Jos Boys
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317693825
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Doing Disability Differently by : Jos Boys

Download or read book Doing Disability Differently written by Jos Boys and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-05-23 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ground-breaking book aims to take a new and innovative view on how disability and architecture might be connected. Rather than putting disability at the end of the design process, centred mainly on compliance, it sees disability – and ability – as creative starting points for the whole design process. It asks the intriguing question: can working from dis/ability actually generate an alternative kind of architectural avant-garde? To do this, Doing Disability Differently: explores how thinking about dis/ability opens up to critical and creative investigation our everyday social attitudes and practices about people, objects and space argues that design can help resist and transform underlying and unnoticed inequalities introduces architects to the emerging and important field of disability studies and considers what different kinds of design thinking and doing this can enable asks how designing for everyday life – in all its diversity – can be better embedded within contemporary architecture as a discipline offers examples of what doing disability differently can mean for architectural theory, education and professional practice aims to embed into architectural practice, attitudes and approaches that creatively and constructively refuse to perpetuate body 'norms' or the resulting inequalities in access to, and support from, built space. Ultimately, this book suggests that re-addressing architecture and disability involves nothing less than re-thinking how to design for the everyday occupation of space more generally.

Designing Disability

Author : Elizabeth Guffey
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 135000426X
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Designing Disability by : Elizabeth Guffey

Download or read book Designing Disability written by Elizabeth Guffey and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-12-28 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designing Disability traces the emergence of an idea and an ideal – physical access for the disabled – through the evolution of the iconic International Symbol of Access (ISA). The book draws on design history, material culture and recent critical disability studies to examine not only the development of a design icon, but also the cultural history surrounding it. Infirmity and illness may be seen as part of human experience, but 'disability' is a social construct, a way of thinking about and responding to a natural human condition. Elizabeth Guffey's highly original and wide-ranging study considers the period both before and after the introduction of the ISA, tracing the design history of the wheelchair, a product which revolutionised the mobility needs of many disabled people from the 1930s onwards. She also examines the rise of 'barrier-free architecture' in the reception of the ISA, and explores how the symbol became widely adopted and even a mark of identity for some, especially within the Disability Rights Movement. Yet despite the social progress which is inextricably linked to the ISA, a growing debate has unfurled around the symbol and its meanings. The most vigorous critiques today have involved guerrilla art, graffiti and studio practice, reflecting new challenges to the relationship between design and disability in the twenty-first century.

Designing for the Disabled: The New Paradigm

Author : Selwyn Goldsmith
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135141770
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (351 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Designing for the Disabled: The New Paradigm by : Selwyn Goldsmith

Download or read book Designing for the Disabled: The New Paradigm written by Selwyn Goldsmith and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-09-10 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selwyn Goldsmith's Designing for the Disabled has, since it was first published in 1963, been a bible for practising architects around the world. Now, as a new book with a radical new vision, comes his Designing for the Disabled: The New Paradigm. Goldsmith's new paradigm is based on the concept of architectural disability. As a version of the social model of disability, it is not exclusively the property of physically disabled people. Others who are afflicted by it include women, since men customarily get proportionately four times as many amenities in public toilets as women - and women have to queue where men do not - and those with infants in pushchairs, because normal WC facilities are invariably too small to get a pushchair and infant into. To counter architectural disability, Goldsmith's line is that the axiom for legislation action has to be 'access for everyone' - it should not just be 'access for the disabled', as it presently is with the Part M building regulation and relevant provisions of the 1995 Disability Discrimination Act. In a 40-page annex to his book he sets out the terms that a new-style Part M regulation and its Approved Document might take, one that would cover alterations to existing buildings as well as new buildings. But architects and building control officers need not, he says, wait for new a legislation to apply new practical procedures to meet the requirements of the current Part M regulation; they can, as he advises, act positively now. This is a book which will oblige architects to rethink the methodology of designing for the disabled. It is a book that no practising architect, building control officer, local planning officer or access officer can afford to be without.

Universal Design in Higher Education

Author : Sheryl E. Burgstahler
Publisher : Harvard Education Press
ISBN 13 : 1612500935
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (125 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Universal Design in Higher Education by : Sheryl E. Burgstahler

Download or read book Universal Design in Higher Education written by Sheryl E. Burgstahler and published by Harvard Education Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Universal Design in Higher Education looks at the design of physical and technological environments at institutions of higher education; at issues pertaining to curriculum and instruction; and at the full array of student services. Universal Design in Higher Education is a comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners on creating fully accessible college and university programs. It is founded upon, and contributes to, theories of universal design in education that have been gaining increasingly wide attention in recent years. As greater numbers of students with disabilities attend postsecondary educational institutions, administrators have expressed increased interest in making their programs accessible to all students. This book provides both theoretical and practical guidance for schools as they work to turn this admirable goal into a reality. It addresses a comprehensive range of topics on universal design for higher education institutions, thus making a crucial contribution to the growing body of literature on special education and universal design. This book will be of unique value to university and college administrators, and to special education researchers, practitioners, and activists.

Academic Ableism

Author : Jay Dolmage
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 047205371X
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (72 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Academic Ableism by : Jay Dolmage

Download or read book Academic Ableism written by Jay Dolmage and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Places notions of disability at the center of higher education and argues that inclusiveness allows for a better education for everyone

Accessible Housing

Author : Robert Imrie
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 0415318912
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (153 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Accessible Housing by : Robert Imrie

Download or read book Accessible Housing written by Robert Imrie and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2006 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Accessible Housing considers the role and significance of house builders in influencing the design and construction of accessible housing that can meet the needs of disabled people. Its primary focus is the speculative house building process, and the construction of private (for sale) dwellings. The book describes and evaluates the socio-institutional political, and technical relations that underpin the design and construction of housing. These, so it is argued, shape builders' reluctance to design and construct housing that is flexible to accommodate variations in bodily needs and performance." -- Book jacket.

The Senses

Author : Ellen Lupton
Publisher : Chronicle Books
ISBN 13 : 1616897740
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (168 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Senses by : Ellen Lupton

Download or read book The Senses written by Ellen Lupton and published by Chronicle Books. This book was released on 2018-07-24 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A powerful reminder to anyone who thinks design is primarily a visual pursuit, The Senses accompanies a major exhibition at the Cooper-Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum that explores how space, materials, sound, and light affect the mind and body. Learn how contemporary designers, including Petra Blaisse, Bruce Mau, Malin+Goetz and many others, engage sensory experience. Multisensory design can solve problems and enhance life for everyone, including those with sensory disabilities. Featuring thematic essays on topics ranging from design for the table to tactile graphics, tactile sound, and visualizing the senses, this book is a call to action for multisensory design practice. The Senses: Design Beyond Vision is mandatory reading for students and professionals working in diverse fields, including products, interiors, graphics, interaction, sound, animation, and data visualization, or anyone seeking the widest possible understanding of design. The book, designed by David Genco with Ellen Lupton, is edited by Lupton and curator Andrea Lipps. Includes essays by Lupton, Lipps, Christopher Brosius, Hansel Bauman, Karen Kraskow, Binglei Yan, and Simon Kinnear.