Brainwaves A Cultural History Of Electroencephalography

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Brainwaves: A Cultural History of Electroencephalography

Author : Cornelius Borck
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317172809
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis Brainwaves: A Cultural History of Electroencephalography by : Cornelius Borck

Download or read book Brainwaves: A Cultural History of Electroencephalography written by Cornelius Borck and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-01-29 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the history of brain research, the prospect of visualizing brain processes has continually awakened great expectations. In this study, Cornelius Borck focuses on a recording technique developed by the German physiologist Hans Berger to register electric brain currents; a technique that was expected to allow the brain to write in its own language, and which would reveal the way the brain worked. Borck traces the numerous contradictory interpretations of electroencephalography, from Berger’s experiments and his publication of the first human EEG in 1929, to its international proliferation and consolidation as a clinical diagnostic method in the mid-twentieth century. Borck's thesis is that the language of the brain takes on specific contours depending on the local investigative cultures, from whose conflicting views emerged a new scientific object: the electric brain.

Brainwaves

Author : Cornelius Borck
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 9780367881498
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (814 download)

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Book Synopsis Brainwaves by : Cornelius Borck

Download or read book Brainwaves written by Cornelius Borck and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-12-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the history of brain research, the prospect of visualizing brain processes has continually awakened great expectations. In this study, Cornelius Borck focuses on a recording technique developed by the German physiologist Hans Berger to register electric brain currents; a technique that was expected to allow the brain to write in its own language, and which would reveal the way the brain worked. Borck traces the numerous contradictory interpretations of electroencephalography, from Berger's experiments and his publication of the first human EEG in 1929, to its international proliferation and consolidation as a clinical diagnostic method in the mid-twentieth century. Borck's thesis is that the language of the brain takes on specific contours depending on the local investigative cultures, from whose conflicting views emerged a new scientific object: the electric brain. Book jacket.

Mapping the Darkness

Author : Kenneth Miller
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 0861545176
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Mapping the Darkness by : Kenneth Miller

Download or read book Mapping the Darkness written by Kenneth Miller and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2023-10-05 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ‘Fascinating, magisterially researched, and brilliantly written.’ Steve Silberman, author of Neurotribes Thirty-two days underground. No heat. No sunlight. 4 June 1938. Nathaniel Kleitman and his research student make their way down the seventy-one steps leading to the mouth of Mammoth Cave. They are about to embark on one of the most intrepid and bizarre experiments in medical history, one which will change our understanding of sleep forever. Undisturbed by natural light, they will investigate what happens when you overturn one of the fundamental rhythms of the human body. Together, they enter the darkness. When Kleitman first arrived in New York, a penniless twenty-year-old refugee, few would have guessed that in just a few decades he would revolutionise the field of sleep science. In Mapping the Darkness, Kenneth Miller weaves science and history to tell the story of the outsider scientists who took sleep science from the fringes to a mainstream obsession. Reliving the spectacular experiments, technological innovation, imaginative leaps and single-minded commitment of these early pioneers, Miller provides a tantalising glimpse into the most mysterious third of our lives.

Neuromatic

Author : John Lardas Modern
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022679959X
Total Pages : 443 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuromatic by : John Lardas Modern

Download or read book Neuromatic written by John Lardas Modern and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-10-07 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Modern offers a powerful and original critique of neurology’s pivotal role in religious history. In Neuromatic, religious studies scholar John Lardas Modern offers a sprawling examination of the history of the cognitive revolution and current attempts to locate all that is human in the brain, including spirituality itself. Neuromatic is a wildly original take on the entangled histories of science and religion that lie behind our brain-laden present: from eighteenth-century revivals to the origins of neurology and mystic visions of mental piety in the nineteenth century; from cyberneticians, Scientologists, and parapsychologists in the twentieth century to contemporary claims to have discovered the neural correlates of religion. What Modern reveals via this grand tour is that our ostensibly secular turn to the brain is bound up at every turn with the religion it discounts, ignores, or actively dismisses. In foregrounding the myths, ritual schemes, and cosmic concerns that have accompanied idealizations of neural networks and inquiries into their structure, Neuromatic takes the reader on a dazzling and disturbing ride through the history of our strange subservience to the brain.

Making Mental Health

Author : Elizabeth Roberts-Pedersen
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040103200
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Making Mental Health by : Elizabeth Roberts-Pedersen

Download or read book Making Mental Health written by Elizabeth Roberts-Pedersen and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-08-07 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Making Mental Health: A Critical History historicises mental health by examining the concept from the ‘madness’ of the late nineteenth century to the changing ideas about its contemporary concerns and status. It argues that a critical approach to the history of psychiatry and mental health shows them to constitute a dual clinical-political project that gathered pace over the course of the twentieth century and continues to resonate in the present. Drawing on scholarship across several areas of historical inquiry as well as historical and contemporary clinical literature, the book uses a thematic approach to highlight decisive moments that demonstrate the stakes of this engagement in Anglo-American contexts. By tracing the (unfinished) history of institutions, the search for cures for psychiatric distress, the growing interest of the nation-state in mental health, the history of attempts to globalise psychiatry, the controversies over the politics of diagnostic categories that erupted in the 1960s and 1970s, and the history of theorising about the relationship between the psyche and the market, the book offers a comprehensive account of the evolution of mental health into a commonplace concern. Addressing key questions in the fields of history, medical humanities, and the social sciences, as well as in the psychiatry disciplines themselves, the book is an essential contribution to an ongoing conversation about mental distress and its meanings.

Brain Art

Author : Anton Nijholt
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030143236
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Art by : Anton Nijholt

Download or read book Brain Art written by Anton Nijholt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-25 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book on brain-computer interfaces (BCI) that aims to explain how these BCI interfaces can be used for artistic goals. Devices that measure changes in brain activity in various regions of our brain are available and they make it possible to investigate how brain activity is related to experiencing and creating art. Brain activity can also be monitored in order to find out about the affective state of a performer or bystander and use this knowledge to create or adapt an interactive multi-sensorial (audio, visual, tactile) piece of art. Making use of the measured affective state is just one of the possible ways to use BCI for artistic expression. We can also stimulate brain activity. It can be evoked externally by exposing our brain to external events, whether they are visual, auditory, or tactile. Knowing about the stimuli and the effect on the brain makes it possible to translate such external stimuli to decisions and commands that help to design, implement, or adapt an artistic performance, or interactive installation. Stimulating brain activity can also be done internally. Brain activity can be voluntarily manipulated and changes can be translated into computer commands to realize an artistic vision. The chapters in this book have been written by researchers in human-computer interaction, brain-computer interaction, neuroscience, psychology and social sciences, often in cooperation with artists using BCI in their work. It is the perfect book for those seeking to learn about brain-computer interfaces used for artistic applications.

Instrumental Intimacy

Author : Melissa M. Littlefield
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421424665
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Instrumental Intimacy by : Melissa M. Littlefield

Download or read book Instrumental Intimacy written by Melissa M. Littlefield and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical examination of the rise of wearable EEG monitors. From Fitbits to GPS trackers, wearables promise to help us understand and improve ourselves in quantified ways. We count our steps, track our location, and even monitor our brain waves as we strive to achieve better fitness, clearer direction, or a more focused mind. But why do we rely on wearables to learn about ourselves? In Instrumental Intimacy, Melissa M. Littlefield questions our desire for mechanistic guidance by examining brain-based EEG wearables that promise to improve sleep, relationships, self-knowledge, and learning. Littlefield focuses specifically on EEGs’ transition out of the laboratory and into the hands of consumers. While other brain-imaging technologies (such as MRI, PET, and MEG) are used only in specialized laboratories, human electroencephalography (a.k.a. EEG) is embedded in portable, user-friendly devices. These direct-to-consumer wearables visualize brain activity as accessible data, and many offer the promise of self-optimization. Littlefield’s illuminating book brings the histories of EEG to bear on the contemporary development of EEG wearables via case studies of EEG-based sleep aids, bio-mapping instruments, fashionable surveillance tools, and athletic training devices. The author argues that, over the past century, applied uses of EEG helped to create new states of mind to be monitored and manipulated, as well as discourses about the existence of brain waves and their viability as a tool for brain optimization. By contextualizing and analyzing EEG wearables, Instrumental Intimacy provides a crucial intervention in an emergent consumer market and in the scholarly fields of STS, critical neuroscience, and the history of technology.

Niedermeyer's Electroencephalography

Author : Donald L. Schomer
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 1451153155
Total Pages : 1308 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (511 download)

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Book Synopsis Niedermeyer's Electroencephalography by : Donald L. Schomer

Download or read book Niedermeyer's Electroencephalography written by Donald L. Schomer and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-10-18 with total page 1308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The leading reference on electroencephalography since 1982, Niedermeyer's Electroencephalography is now in its thoroughly updated Sixth Edition. An international group of experts provides comprehensive coverage of the neurophysiologic and technical aspects of EEG, evoked potentials, and magnetoencephalography, as well as the clinical applications of these studies in neonates, infants, children, adults, and older adults. This edition's new lead editor, Donald Schomer, MD, has updated the technical information and added a major new chapter on artifacts. Other highlights include complete coverage of EEG in the intensive care unit and new chapters on integrating other recording devices with EEG; transcranial electrical and magnetic stimulation; EEG/TMS in evaluation of cognitive and mood disorders; and sleep in premature infants, children and adolescents, and the elderly. A companion website includes fully searchable text and image bank.

We Are Electric

Author : Sally Adee
Publisher : Hachette Books
ISBN 13 : 030682664X
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (68 download)

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Book Synopsis We Are Electric by : Sally Adee

Download or read book We Are Electric written by Sally Adee and published by Hachette Books. This book was released on 2023-02-28 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science journalist Sally Adee breaks open the field of bioelectricity—the electric currents that run through our bodies and every living thing—its misunderstood history, and why new discoveries will lead to new ways around antibiotic resistance, cleared arteries, and new ways to combat cancer. You may be familiar with the idea of our body's biome: the bacterial fauna that populate our gut and can so profoundly affect our health. In We Are Electric we cross into new scientific understanding: discovering your body's electrome. Every cell in our bodies—bones, skin, nerves, muscle—has a voltage, like a tiny battery. It is the reason our brain can send signals to the rest of our body, how we develop in the womb, and why our body knows to heal itself from injury. When bioelectricity goes awry, illness, deformity, and cancer can result. But if we can control or correct this bioelectricity, the implications for our health are remarkable: an undo switch for cancer that could flip malignant cells back into healthy ones; the ability to regenerate cells, organs, even limbs; to slow aging and so much more. The next scientific frontier might be decrypting the bioelectric code, much the way we did the genetic code. Yet the field is still emerging from two centuries of skepticism and entanglement with medical quackery, all stemming from an 18th-century scientific war about the nature of electricity between Luigi Galvani (father of bioelectricity, famous for shocking frogs) and Alessandro Volta (inventor of the battery). In We Are Electric, award-winning science writer Sally Adee takes readers through the thrilling history of bioelectricity and into the future: from the Victorian medical charlatans claiming to use electricity to cure everything from paralysis to diarrhea, to the advances helped along by the giant axons of squids, and finally to the brain implants and electric drugs that await us—and the moral implications therein. The bioelectric revolution starts here.

Brainmedia

Author : Flora Lysen
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1501378740
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Brainmedia by : Flora Lysen

Download or read book Brainmedia written by Flora Lysen and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2022-07-28 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Will we ever be able to see the brain at work? Could it be possible to observe thinking and feeling as if watching a live broadcast from within the human head? Brainmedia uncovers past and present examples of scientists and science educators who conceptualize and demonstrate the active human brain guided by new media technologies: from exhibitions of giant illuminated brain models and staged projections of brainwave recordings to live televised brain broadcasts, brains hooked up to computers and experiments with “brain-to-brain” synchronization. Drawing on archival material, Brainmedia outlines a new history of “live brains,” arguing that practices of-and ideas about-mediation impacted the imagination of seeing the brain at work. By combining accounts of scientists examining brains in laboratories with examples of public demonstrations and exhibitions of brain research, Brainmedia casts new light on popularization practices, placing them at the heart of scientific work.

The Doctor Who Wasn't There

Author : Jeremy A. Greene
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226821528
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis The Doctor Who Wasn't There by : Jeremy A. Greene

Download or read book The Doctor Who Wasn't There written by Jeremy A. Greene and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-10-26 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This gripping history shows how the electronic devices we use to access care influence the kind of care we receive. The Doctor Who Wasn’t There traces the long arc of enthusiasm for—and skepticism of—electronic media in health and medicine. Over the past century, a series of new technologies promised to democratize access to healthcare. From the humble telephone to the connected smartphone, from FM radio to wireless wearables, from cable television to the “electronic brains” of networked mainframe computers: each new platform has promised a radical reformation of the healthcare landscape. With equal attention to the history of technology, the history of medicine, and the politics and economies of American healthcare, physician and historian Jeremy A. Greene explores the role that electronic media play, for better and for worse, in the past, present, and future of our health. Today’s telehealth devices are far more sophisticated than the hook-and-ringer telephones of the 1920s, the radios that broadcasted health data in the 1940s, the closed-circuit televisions that enabled telemedicine in the 1950s, or the online systems that created electronic medical records in the 1960s. But the ethical, economic, and logistical concerns they raise are prefigured in the past, as are the gaps between what was promised and what was delivered. Each of these platforms also produced subtle transformations in health and healthcare that we have learned to forget, displaced by promises of ever newer forms of communication that took their place. Illuminating the social and technical contexts in which electronic medicine has been conceived and put into practice, Greene’s history shows the urgent stakes, then and now, for those who would seek in new media the means to build a more equitable future for American healthcare.

Neuro

Author : Nikolas Rose
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691149615
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuro by : Nikolas Rose

Download or read book Neuro written by Nikolas Rose and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-24 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The brain sciences are influencing our understanding of human behavior as never before, from neuropsychiatry and neuroeconomics to neurotheology and neuroaesthetics. Many now believe that the brain is what makes us human, and it seems that neuroscientists are poised to become the new experts in the management of human conduct. Neuro describes the key developments--theoretical, technological, economic, and biopolitical--that have enabled the neurosciences to gain such traction outside the laboratory. It explores the ways neurobiological conceptions of personhood are influencing everything from child rearing to criminal justice, and are transforming the ways we "know ourselves" as human beings. In this emerging neuro-ontology, we are not "determined" by our neurobiology: on the contrary, it appears that we can and should seek to improve ourselves by understanding and acting on our brains. Neuro examines the implications of this emerging trend, weighing the promises against the perils, and evaluating some widely held concerns about a neurobiological "colonization" of the social and human sciences. Despite identifying many exaggerated claims and premature promises, Neuro argues that the openness provided by the new styles of thought taking shape in neuroscience, with its contemporary conceptions of the neuromolecular, plastic, and social brain, could make possible a new and productive engagement between the social and brain sciences."--Publisher's description.

Hélène Metzger, Historian and Historiographer of the Sciences

Author : Cristina Chimisso
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315455358
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis Hélène Metzger, Historian and Historiographer of the Sciences by : Cristina Chimisso

Download or read book Hélène Metzger, Historian and Historiographer of the Sciences written by Cristina Chimisso and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-12-05 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is there something important to learn from the history of science about knowledge and the mind? Do habits and emotions play a significant role in science? To what extent do present concerns and knowledge distort our understanding of past texts and practices? These are crucial questions in current debates, but they are not new. This monograph evaluates the answers to these and other questions that Hélène Metzger (1889-1944) provided. Metzger, who was the leading historian of chemistry of her generation, left us unparalleled reflections on the theory, practice and aims of history writing. Despite her influence on subsequent generations of thinkers, including Thomas Kuhn, this is the first full-length monograph on her. Beginning with an overview of her life, and the challenges faced by a Jewish woman working within academia, the book goes on to discuss the most important themes of her historiography, and her engagement with other disciplines, notably general history, philosophy, ethnology and religious studies. The book also explores both Metzger’s immediate legacy and the relevance of her ideas for a host of current debates in science studies. The Appendices include four of her historiographical papers, translated into English for the first time.

Avant-Garde and Psychotechnics

Author : Margarete Vöhringer
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000911071
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Avant-Garde and Psychotechnics by : Margarete Vöhringer

Download or read book Avant-Garde and Psychotechnics written by Margarete Vöhringer and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-31 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Avant-Garde and Psychotechnics presents an innovative look at the Russian avant-garde and its cultural encounters with the sciences in the 1920s. The book examines some of the lesser known entanglements between architects, filmmakers and philosophers, on the one hand, and experimental psychologists and physiologists on the other. In Russia, famous avant-garde artists, such as El Lissitzky, Vassily Kandinsky and Dziga Vertov, helped propagate a movement referred to as "psychotechnics" that was emerging at the time in Germany and the United States and eventually led to a "psychotechnical boom." At the end of the story told in the book, it becomes clear that this boom continues to the present day. By analyzing concrete projects undertaken by Russian artists and scientists in cooperation with one another, and by drawing on as-yet-unpublished archival material, Avant-Garde and Psychotechnics challenges the established notion of socialist sciences. At the same time, it provides an entirely new picture of what was thought to be modern art, thereby demonstrating that artistic experimentation had much more than a mere metaphorical meaning in Russian arts in the 1920s. In 2007 Avant-Garde and Psychotechnics was acknowledged with an award for interdisciplinary research by the Wilhelm-Ostwald-Society, Großbothen. In 2011 the book received funding from the VolkswagenStiftung to be translated into English and Russian (the Russian edition was published by NLO books in 2019). The original German edition also received favorable reviews in NZZ, NTM, Derive, Junge Welt and Sehepunkte.

Giving Bodies Back to Data

Author : Silvia Casini
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262362201
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Giving Bodies Back to Data by : Silvia Casini

Download or read book Giving Bodies Back to Data written by Silvia Casini and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-08-03 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the bodily, situated aspects of data-visualization work, looking at visualization practices around the development of MRI technology. Our bodies are scanned, probed, imaged, sampled, and transformed into data by clinicians and technologists. In this book, Silvia Casini reveals the affective relations and materiality that turn data into image--and in so doing, gives bodies back to data. Opening the black box of MRI technology, Casini examines the bodily, situated aspects of visualization practices around the development of this technology. Reframing existing narratives of biomedical innovation, she emphasizes the important but often overlooked roles played by aesthetics, affectivity, and craft practice in medical visualization. Combining history, theory, laboratory ethnography, archival research, and collaborative art-science, Casini retrieves the multiple presences and agencies of bodies in data visualization, mapping the traces of scientists' body work and embodied imagination. She presents an in-depth ethnographic study of MRI development at the University of Aberdeen's biomedical physics laboratory, from the construction of the first whole-body scanner for clinical purposes through the evolution of the FFC-MRI. Going beyond her original focus on MRI, she analyzes a selection of neuroscience- or biomedicine-inspired interventions by artists in media ranging from sculpture to virtual reality. Finally, she presents a methodology for designing and carrying out small-scale art-science projects, describing a collaboration that she herself arranged, highlighting the relational and aesthetic-laden character of data that are the product of craftsmanship and affective labor at the laboratory bench.

The Hidden Life of the Basal Ganglia

Author : Hagai Bergman
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262367297
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis The Hidden Life of the Basal Ganglia by : Hagai Bergman

Download or read book The Hidden Life of the Basal Ganglia written by Hagai Bergman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-10-12 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anatomy and physiology of the basal ganglia and their relation to brain and behavior, disorders and therapies, and philosophy of mind and moral values. The main task of the basal ganglia—a group of subcortical nuclei, located at the base of the brain—is to optimize and execute our automatic behavior. In this book, Hagai Bergman analyzes the anatomy and physiology of the basal ganglia, discussing their relation to brain and behavior, to disorders and therapies, and even to moral values. Drawing on his forty years of studying the basal ganglia, Bergman presents new information on physiology and computational models, Parkinson’s disease and other ganglia-related disorders, and such therapies as deep brain stimulation. Focusing on studies of nonhuman primates and human basal ganglia and relying on system physiology and in vivo extra-cellular recording techniques, Bergman first describes the major brain structures that constitute the basal ganglia, the morphology of their cellular elements, their synaptic connectivity and their physiological function in health and disease. He discusses the computational physiology of the healthy basal ganglia, describing four generations of computational models, and then traces the computational physiology of basal ganglia–related disorders and their treatments, including Parkinson’s disease and its pharmacological and surgical therapies. Finally, Bergman considers the implications of these findings for such moral concerns as free will. Explaining this leap into domains rarely explored in neuroscientific accounts, Bergman writes that the longer he studies the basal ganglia, the more he is convinced that they are truly the base of both brain and mind.

The Oxford Handbook of Tantric Studies

Author : Payne
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197549888
Total Pages : 1273 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Tantric Studies by : Payne

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Tantric Studies written by Payne and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-11-15 with total page 1273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Since the earliest encounters between tantric traditions and Western scholars, tantra has posed a challenge. Representation of tantra has tended to emphasize the antinomian, decadent aspects, which, as attention-grabbing as they were for Western audiences, hampered the study of the field. The Oxford Handbook of Tantric Studies is intended to overcome these obstacles, facilitating collaboration between scholars working on different forms of tantra, and in different disciplines. With more than forty chapters and a global pool of contributors, the Handbook aims to be the definitive reference work in the field, exploring core topics such as action, transformation, embodiment, art, language, and social movements. The first chapter provides an overview of major issues confronting the field today, including debates regarding the definition and category of "tantra," historical origins and dating, and recent developments in gender studies and tantra, ethnography and "lived tantra," and cognitive approaches to the study of tantra. Using a topical framework, the opening section explores the concept of action, one of the most prominent features of tantra, which includes performing rituals, practicing meditation, chanting, embarking on a pilgrimage, or reenacting moments from a sacred text. From there, the sections cover broad topics such as transformation (e.g., soteriology and healing), gender and embodiment, "extraordinary" beings (such as deities and saints), art and visual expressions, language and literature, social organizations, and the history and historiography of tantra. Keywords tantric studies, tantra, Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, ritual, soteriology, meditation, embodiment, yoga"--