Brain Mitochondria Distribution And Function

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Brain Mitochondria: Distribution and Function

Author : Silvia Lores-Arnaiz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781536166507
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Mitochondria: Distribution and Function by : Silvia Lores-Arnaiz

Download or read book Brain Mitochondria: Distribution and Function written by Silvia Lores-Arnaiz and published by . This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an overview of significant findings regarding physiological, toxicological and pathological aspects of brain mitochondria properties and their relevant role in cellular bioenergetics. Essential physiological processes such as cell respiration and ATP synthesis, the maintenance of calcium homeostasis, reactive oxygen species generation and apoptotic cell signalling performed by mitochondria are described in the different chapters of this volume. In particular, the importance of specific calcium signalling at synaptic level and its relationship with mitochondrial bioenergetics are extensively described. Being that high energy demands are required at synaptic level for neurotransmission, mitochondrial distribution becomes relevant for essential neuronal processes. Differential bioenergetic characteristics of neuronal, astrocytic and glial mitochondria are discussed. Interestingly, new insights on the interaction between neurotensinergic and nitrergic systems are detailed, based on experimental evidences of the effect of neurotensin receptors blockade on nitric oxide production and mitochondrial function. The chapters describing metal neurotoxicity provide a comprehensive view of the effects of different metals on brain mitochondrial function and their consequences for human health. The impact of iron and copper overload on brain oxidative redox balance and mitochondrial function is fully detailed, focusing on the role of metal-induced neuronal damage on the incidence and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, a complete revision of the mechanisms underlying heavy metal-mediated damage to brain mitochondria is presented. Neurotoxic effects of arsenic, thallium, lead, cadmium and mercury have been associated with cell bioenergetics impairment, exacerbated production of oxygen free radicals, and induction of intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Mitochondrial function can also be impaired by treatment with different drugs acting at CNS level. The understanding of the effects of pharmacological agents, abuse drugs, herbicides and insecticides at mitochondrial level can contribute to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration. In this context, the neuroprotective effect of different compounds targeting mitochondrial integrity and function is discussed. Furthermore, mitochondrial alterations, oxygen radicals generation and nitric oxide production are characterized in relation to CNS pathology and hypoxia conditions. Mitochondrial complex I inactivation, oxidative stress and impairment of mitochondrial nitric oxide synthesis are characteristic features of the mitochondrial dysfunction observed in Parkinson's disease and other CNS pathologies. In addition, exposure to hypoxic conditions can affect nitric oxide generation and mitochondrial physiology, with different responses depending on the brain area. As a whole, the understanding of the alterations in mitochondrial distribution and function in the brain associated with neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration may contribute to the knowledge of the role of mitochondria in maintaining the balance between health and disease.

Neuroprotection

Author : Matilde Otero-Losada
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1838804390
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (388 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroprotection by : Matilde Otero-Losada

Download or read book Neuroprotection written by Matilde Otero-Losada and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurological disease affects nearly 25%–30% of the world’s population, exerting enormous financial strain on the healthcare system. Estimated current costs are around $800 annual billion, and this number is expected to increase exponentially as the global population ages. As such, new and alternative neuroprotective strategies are urgently needed. This book examines some of the most promising approaches in neuroprotection as well as discusses current goals and prospects. Organized into three sections, chapters cover such topics as the use of cannabinoids, medicinal plants, and essential oils in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s; protein misfolding and the neuroprotective potential of vitamin E in cerebral ischemia; and potential new neurological treatments and their mechanisms of action.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Author : Lawrence H. Lash
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483218619
Total Pages : 527 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Mitochondrial Dysfunction by : Lawrence H. Lash

Download or read book Mitochondrial Dysfunction written by Lawrence H. Lash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods in Toxicology, Volume 2: Mitochondrial Dysfunction provides a source of methods, techniques, and experimental approaches for studying the role of abnormal mitochondrial function in cell injury. The book discusses the methods for the preparation and basic functional assessment of mitochondria from liver, kidney, muscle, and brain; the methods for assessing mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo and in intact organs; and the structural aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction are addressed. The text also describes chemical detoxification and metabolism as well as specific metabolic reactions that are especially important targets or indicators of damage. The methods for measurement of alterations in fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism and for the analysis and manipulation of oxidative injury and antioxidant systems are also considered. The book further tackles additional methods on mitochondrial energetics and transport processes; approaches for assessing impaired function of mitochondria; and genetic and developmental aspects of mitochondrial disease and toxicology. The text also looks into mitochondrial DNA synthesis, covalent binding to mitochondrial DNA, DNA repair, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of developing individuals and cellular differentiation. Microbiologists, toxicologists, biochemists, and molecular pharmacologists will find the book invaluable.

In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function

Author : Ron D. Frostig
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 142007685X
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function by : Ron D. Frostig

Download or read book In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function written by Ron D. Frostig and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-05-06 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These are exciting times for the field of optical imaging of brain function. Rapid developments in theory and technology continue to considerably advance understanding of brain function. Reflecting changes in the field during the past five years, the second edition of In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function describes state-of-the-art techniques a

Discovering the Brain

Author : National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309045290
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Discovering the Brain by : National Academy of Sciences

Download or read book Discovering the Brain written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."

Post-Genomic Cardiology

Author : José Marín-García
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124046428
Total Pages : 935 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis Post-Genomic Cardiology by : José Marín-García

Download or read book Post-Genomic Cardiology written by José Marín-García and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-09 with total page 935 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this second edition of Post-Genomic Cardiology, developing and new technologies such as translational genomics, next generation sequencing (NGS), bioinformatics, and systems biology in molecular cardiology are assessed in light of their therapeutic potential. As new methods of mutation screening emerge, both for the genome and for the “epigenome, comprehensive understanding of the many mutations that underlie cardiovascular diseases and adverse drug reactions is within our reach. This book, written by respected cardiologist José Marín-García, features discussion on the Hap-Map: the largest international effort to date aiming to define the differences between our individual genomes. This unique reference further reviews and investigates genome sequences from our evolutionary relatives that could help us decipher the signals of genes, and offers a comprehensive and critical evaluation of regulatory elements from the complicated network of the background DNA. Offers updated discussion of cutting-edge molecular techniques including new genomic sequencing / NGS / Hap-Map / bioinformatics / systems biology approaches Analyzes mitochondria dynamics and their role in cardiac dysfunction, up-to-date analysis of cardio-protection, and cardio-metabolic syndrome Presents recent translational studies, gene therapy, transplantation of stem cells, and pharmacological treatments in CVDs

Bioenergetics of the Cell: Quantitative Aspects

Author : Valdur A. Saks
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461556538
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioenergetics of the Cell: Quantitative Aspects by : Valdur A. Saks

Download or read book Bioenergetics of the Cell: Quantitative Aspects written by Valdur A. Saks and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume continues the discussion of the problems of in vivo and in vitro. The recently solved X-ray structure of the mitochondrial creatine kinase and its molecular biology cellular bioenergetics - the tradition we started in 1994 by publication of the focused issue of Molecular and Cellular are analyzed with respect to its molecular physiology and Biochemistry, volume 133/134 and a book 'Cellular Bio functional coupling to the adenine nucleotide translocase, as energetics: role of coupled creatine kinases' edited by V. Saks well as its participation, together with the adenylate kinase and R. Ventura-Clapier and published by Kluwer Publishers, system, in intracellular energy transfer. The results of the Dordrecht -Boston. In the present volume, use of quantitative studies of creatine kinase deficient transgenic mice are methods of studies of organized metabolic systems, such as summarized and analyzed by using mathematical models of mathematical modeling and Metabolic Control Analysis, for the compartmentalized energy transfer, thus combining two investigation of the problems of bioenergetics of the cell is powerful new methods of the research. All these results, described together with presentation of new experimental together with the physiological and NMR data on the cardiac results. The following central problems of the cellular bio metabolic and mitochondrial responses to work-load changes energetics are the focus of the discussions: the mechanisms concord to the concept of metabolic networks of energy of regulation of oxidative phosphorylation in the cells in vivo transfer and feedback regulation.

Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortex

Author : Stavros J. Baloyannis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781839680984
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortex by : Stavros J. Baloyannis

Download or read book Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortex written by Stavros J. Baloyannis and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortex - Interaction and Dynamics in Health and Disease discusses several important issues of cerebro-cerebellar collaboration and interactions. The morphological and functional study of the cerebral and cerebellar cortices and their interaction has considerable value for interpreting the clinical phenomenology of cortical degenerations in the initial stage of the disease. In addition, the analysis of cerebro-cerebellar interactions strongly supports the concept of the close functional unity and harmonization of the brain and the cerebellum, underlining the important role that the cerebellar cortex plays in the performance of higher mental faculties, creativity, emotional processes, and homeostatic equilibrium of the human body.

Mitochondrial Function

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Mitochondrial Function by :

Download or read book Mitochondrial Function written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Current Progress in the Understanding of Secondary Brain Damage from Trauma and Ischemia

Author : A. Baethmann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783211833131
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (331 download)

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Book Synopsis Current Progress in the Understanding of Secondary Brain Damage from Trauma and Ischemia by : A. Baethmann

Download or read book Current Progress in the Understanding of Secondary Brain Damage from Trauma and Ischemia written by A. Baethmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-08-19 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information is provided from the basic and clinical sciences on the mechanisms damaging the brain from trauma or ischemia. New aspects involve the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial failure, pathobiology of axonal injury, molecular signals activating glial elements, or the emerging therapeutical role of neurotrophins. Experimental issues involve a better analysis of the ischemic penumbra, the salvagable tissue. Therapeutic contributions reach from the environmental influence to gene expression, including neuroprotection, such as hibernation - mother nature's experiment - or hypothermia which is reported to induce cell swelling. Treatment issues deal also with thrombolysis and combination therapies, or with the clearance of adverse blood components - LDL/fibrinogen - by a novel procedure using heparin. Other highlights are discussing the specificities of pediatric vs. adult brain trauma, or the evolving role of the Apolipoprotein-E e4 gene in severe head injury. An update is also provided on an online assessment of the patient management during the pre- and early hospital phase in Southern Bavaria. The empirical observation of neuroworsening is analyzed in further details, whether this is a specificity autonomously driving the posttraumatic course. Finally, the unsolved question why drug trials in severe head injury have failed so far in view of the promising evidence from the laboratory is subjected to an expert analysis.

Mitochondria in Health and Disease

Author : Carolyn D. Berdanier
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420028847
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Mitochondria in Health and Disease by : Carolyn D. Berdanier

Download or read book Mitochondria in Health and Disease written by Carolyn D. Berdanier and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-06-09 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was once assumed that mitochondrial diseases were rare and that few people were affected. As knowledge has grown about these organelles and their function, it became clear that mitochondrial malfunction could be linked to several chronic diseases. Diabetes has been associated with DNA mutation and can cause mutation itself. This text discusses f

Brain Aging

Author : David R. Riddle
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781420005523
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Aging by : David R. Riddle

Download or read book Brain Aging written by David R. Riddle and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-04-19 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognition that aging is not the accumulation of disease, but rather comprises fundamental biological processes that are amenable to experimental study, is the basis for the recent growth of experimental biogerontology. As increasingly sophisticated studies provide greater understanding of what occurs in the aging brain and how these changes occur

Mitochondria and Brain Disorders

Author : Stavros Baloyannis
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789855314
Total Pages : 125 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)

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Book Synopsis Mitochondria and Brain Disorders by : Stavros Baloyannis

Download or read book Mitochondria and Brain Disorders written by Stavros Baloyannis and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-03-11 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mitochondrion is a unique and ubiquitous organelle that contains its own genome, encoding essential proteins that are major components of the respiratory chain and energy production system. Mitochondria play a dominant role in the life and function of eukaryotic cells including neurons and glia, as their survival and activity depend upon mitochondrial energy production and supply. Besides energy production, mitochondria also play a vital role in calcium homeostasis and may induce apoptosis by excitotoxicity. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to common neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Friedreich's ataxia, Huntington's disease, and Multiple Sclerosis. An efficient treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction would open new horizons in the therapeutic perspectives of a substantial number of inflammatory and degenerative neurological disorders.

Modern Trends in Structural and Solid Mechanics 3

Author : Noel Challamel
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1786307189
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (863 download)

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Book Synopsis Modern Trends in Structural and Solid Mechanics 3 by : Noel Challamel

Download or read book Modern Trends in Structural and Solid Mechanics 3 written by Noel Challamel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-06-29 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book – comprised of three separate volumes – presents the recent developments and research discoveries in structural and solid mechanics; it is dedicated to Professor Isaac Elishakoff. This third volume is devoted to non-deterministic mechanics. Modern Trends in Structural and Solid Mechanics 3 has broad scope, covering topics such: design optimization under uncertainty, interval field approaches, convex analysis, quantum inspired topology optimization and stochastic dynamics. The book is illustrated by many applications in the field of aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, civil engineering, biomedical engineering and automotive engineering. This book is intended for graduate students and researchers in the field of theoretical and applied mechanics.

Mitochondrial Dynamics and Neurodegeneration

Author : Bingwei Lu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940071291X
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Mitochondrial Dynamics and Neurodegeneration by : Bingwei Lu

Download or read book Mitochondrial Dynamics and Neurodegeneration written by Bingwei Lu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-05-16 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mitochondria are essential organelles in eukaryotic cells that control such diverse processes as energy metabolism, calcium buffering, and cell death. Recent studies have revealed that changes in mitochondrial morphology by fission and fusion, a process known as mitochondrial dynamics, is particularly important for neuronal function and survival. Defects in this process are commonly found in neurodegenerative diseases, offering a new paradigm for investigating mechanisms of neurodegeneration. To provide researchers working on neurodegenerative diseases and mitochondria with updated information on this rapidly progressing field, we have invited experts in the field to critically review recent progresses and identify future research directions. The topics include genetics of mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics, autophagy, apoptosis, and axonal transport, and its role in neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases.

Magnesium in the Central Nervous System

Author : Robert Vink
Publisher : University of Adelaide Press
ISBN 13 : 0987073052
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Magnesium in the Central Nervous System by : Robert Vink

Download or read book Magnesium in the Central Nervous System written by Robert Vink and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain is the most complex organ in our body. Indeed, it is perhaps the most complex structure we have ever encountered in nature. Both structurally and functionally, there are many peculiarities that differentiate the brain from all other organs. The brain is our connection to the world around us and by governing nervous system and higher function, any disturbance induces severe neurological and psychiatric disorders that can have a devastating effect on quality of life. Our understanding of the physiology and biochemistry of the brain has improved dramatically in the last two decades. In particular, the critical role of cations, including magnesium, has become evident, even if incompletely understood at a mechanistic level. The exact role and regulation of magnesium, in particular, remains elusive, largely because intracellular levels are so difficult to routinely quantify. Nonetheless, the importance of magnesium to normal central nervous system activity is self-evident given the complicated homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the concentration of this cation within strict limits essential for normal physiology and metabolism. There is also considerable accumulating evidence to suggest alterations to some brain functions in both normal and pathological conditions may be linked to alterations in local magnesium concentration. This book, containing chapters written by some of the foremost experts in the field of magnesium research, brings together the latest in experimental and clinical magnesium research as it relates to the central nervous system. It offers a complete and updated view of magnesiums involvement in central nervous system function and in so doing, brings together two main pillars of contemporary neuroscience research, namely providing an explanation for the molecular mechanisms involved in brain function, and emphasizing the connections between the molecular changes and behavior. It is the untiring efforts of those magnesium researchers who have dedicated their lives to unraveling the mysteries of magnesiums role in biological systems that has inspired the collation of this volume of work.

Clinical Mitochondrial Medicine

Author : Patrick F. Chinnery
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521132983
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (211 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical Mitochondrial Medicine by : Patrick F. Chinnery

Download or read book Clinical Mitochondrial Medicine written by Patrick F. Chinnery and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-17 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interactive clinical textbook takes a system- and case-based approach in understanding mitochondrial disorders in clinical practice.