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Boosting Performance Of Membraneless Microfluidic Fuel Cells Via Cell Architecture Optimization And Flow Management
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Book Synopsis Boosting Performance of Membraneless Microfluidic Fuel Cells Via Cell Architecture Optimization and Flow Management by : 羅詩靜
Download or read book Boosting Performance of Membraneless Microfluidic Fuel Cells Via Cell Architecture Optimization and Flow Management written by 羅詩靜 and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High Performance Fuel-Breathing Microfluidic Fuel Cells by : Yifei Wang
Download or read book High Performance Fuel-Breathing Microfluidic Fuel Cells written by Yifei Wang and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "High Performance Fuel-breathing Microfluidic Fuel Cells" by Yifei, Wang, 王夷飞, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of the thesis entitled "HIGH PERFORMANCE FUEL-BREATHING MICROFLUIDIC FUEL CELLS" Submitted by Yifei, Wang for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in September 2016 Fuel cells are broadly regarded as one of the most promising power sources. A fuel cell is generally composed of a thin membrane electrolyte sandwiched by two porous electrodes, which has a similar structure with batteries. Fuel cells are very advantageous considering their high energy density, uninterrupted operation and environmental friendliness. To date, the application of this technology is vigorously promoted by the government and industry especially for large-power applications. As for applications with small rated power, the progress is, however, impeded by their high cost, leading to less competitiveness against the mature battery technology. To lower down the cost, microfluidic fuel cell (MFC), also known as the membraneless fuel cell or laminar flow fuel cell, has been proposed recently. A MFC generally utilizes two laminar flows in parallel as electrolyte instead of any solid membrane, therefore, lowering the fabrication cost. To prevent the flows from violent mixing, micro-channel, normally with characteristic length less than 1mm, is requisite. In this manner, the mixing process is dominated by slow diffusion, forming a flow interface in the middle of the channel as a virtual membrane. Despite of its cost advantage, there are still many unsolved problems in MFCs such as poor energy density, trade-off between cell performance and fuel utilization, complex fluidic management, etc. In this thesis, research works on MFC development have been done to improve their cell performance, energy efficiency, energy density, long-term stability, etc. In addition, a novel MFC stacking strategy has been proposed, which was proved to be competent for practical applications. First, conventional liquid-feed MFCs with either co-flow or counter-flow configuration were studied. Their cell performance and fuel utilization were optimized, which were used as benchmarks in subsequent studies. To solve the intractable restrictions in liquid-feed MFCs, vapor-feed MFCs were proposed which breathed fuel vapor from outside the cell instead of acquiring dissolved fuel from the inside electrolyte, therefore, -2 achieving both high power density (55.4mWcm ) and high energy efficiency (9.4%) at the same time. To better understand the mechanism behind its performance, numerical (R) simulation on vapor-feed MFCs was also conducted using COMSOL 4.2. To achieve practical power output, a circular stacking strategy was proposed, which was especially suitable for fuel-breathing MFCs. A six- cell stack was designed and tested, proving that such a stacking strategy was not only highly efficient but also potentially robust to external flow disturbance. The same stacking strategy was also applied to H -fueled MFCs to further improve the power output. By utilizing Al-H O reaction for H generation, 2 2 the proposed Al-feed MFC stack achieved a peak power output of 530mW. Meanwhile, difficulties in hydrogen storage and waste electrolyte management were eliminated. In MFCs with enlarged electrode areas, cathode flooding was inevitably aggravated and cell performance dropped significantly. By cracking the cathode catalyst layer, this problem was greatly alleviated, leading to a m
Book Synopsis Membraneless Microfluidic Fuel Cells by : Kamil S. Salloum
Download or read book Membraneless Microfluidic Fuel Cells written by Kamil S. Salloum and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Portable devices rely on battery systems that contribute largely to the overall device form factor and delay portability due to recharging. Membraneless microfluidic fuel cells are considered as the next generation of portable power sources for their compatibility with higher energy density reactants. Microfluidic fuel cells are potentially cost effective and robust because they use low Reynolds number flow to maintain fuel and oxidant separation instead of ion exchange membranes. However, membraneless fuel cells suffer from poor efficiency due to poor mass transport and Ohmic losses. Current microfluidic fuel cell designs suffer from reactant cross-diffusion and thick boundary layers at the electrode surfaces, which result in a compromise between the cell's power output and fuel utilization. This dissertation presents novel flow field architectures aimed at alleviating the mass transport limitations. The first architecture provides a reactant interface where the reactant diffusive concentration gradients are aligned with the bulk flow, mitigating reactant mixing through diffusion and thus crossover. This cell also uses porous electro-catalysts to improve electrode mass transport which results in higher extraction of reactant energy. The second architecture uses porous electrodes and an inert conductive electrolyte stream between the reactants to enhance the interfacial electrical conductivity and maintain complete reactant separation. This design is stacked hydrodynamically and electrically, analogous to membrane based systems, providing increased reactant utilization and power. These fuel cell architectures decouple the fuel cell's power output from its fuel utilization. The fuel cells are tested over a wide range of conditions including variation of the loads, reactant concentrations, background electrolytes, flow rates, and fuel cell geometries. These experiments show that increasing the fuel cell power output is accomplished by increasing reactant flow rates, electrolyte conductivity, and ionic exchange areas, and by decreasing the spacing between the electrodes. The experimental and theoretical observations presented in this dissertation will aid in the future design and commercialization of a new portable power source, which has the desired attributes of high power output per weight and volume and instant rechargeability.
Book Synopsis Microfluidic Platforms for the Investigation of Fuel Cell Catalysts and Electrodes by : Fikile R. Brushett
Download or read book Microfluidic Platforms for the Investigation of Fuel Cell Catalysts and Electrodes written by Fikile R. Brushett and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clear need exists for novel approaches to producing and utilizing energy in more efficient ways, in light of society0́9s ever increasing demand as well as growing concerns with respect to climate change related to CO2 emissions. The development of low temperature fuel cell technologies will continue to play an important role in many alternative energy conversion strategies, especially for portable electronics and automotive applications. However, widespread commercialization of fuel cell technologies has yet to be achieved due to a combination of high costs, poor durability and, system performance limitations (Chapter 1). Developing a better understanding of the complex interplay of electrochemical, transport, and degradation processes that govern the performance and durability of novel fuel cell components, particularly catalysts and electrodes, within operating fuel cells is critical to designing robust, inexpensive configurations that are required for commercial introduction. Such detailed in-situ investigations of individual electrode processes are complicated by other factors such as water management, uneven performance across electrodes, and temperature gradients. Indeed, too many processes are interdependent on the same few variable parameters, necessitating the development of novel analytical platforms with more degrees of freedom. Previously, membraneless microfluidic fuel cells have been developed to address some of the aforementioned fuel cell challenges (Chapter 2). At the microscale, the laminar nature of fluid flow eliminates the need for a physical barrier, such as a stationary membrane, while still allowing ionic transport between electrodes. This enables the development of many unique and innovative fuel cell designs. In addition to addressing water management and fuel crossover issues, these laminar flow-based systems allow for the independent specification of individual stream compositions (e.g., pH). Furthermore, the use of a liquid electrolyte enables the simple in-situ analysis of individual electrode performance using an off-the-shelf reference electrode. These advantages can be leveraged to develop microfluidic fuel cells as versatile electro-analytical platforms for the characterization and optimization of catalysts and electrodes for both membrane- and membraneless fuel cells applications. To this end, a microfluidic hydrogen-oxygen (H2/O2) fuel cell has been developed which utilizes a flowing liquid electrolyte instead of a stationary polymeric membrane. For analytical investigations, the flowing stream (i) enables autonomous control over electrolyte parameters (i.e., pH, composition) and consequently the local electrode environments, as well as (ii) allows for the independent in-situ analyses of catalyst and/or electrode performance and degradation characteristics via an external reference electrode (e.g., Ag/AgCl). Thus, this microfluidic analytical platform enables a high number of experimental degrees of freedom, previously limited to a three-electrode electrochemical cell, to be employed in the construct of working fuel cell. Using this microfluidic H2/O2 fuel cell as a versatile analytical platform, the focus of this work is to provide critical insight into the following research areas: 0́Ø Identify the key processes that govern the electrode performance and durability in alkaline fuel cells as a function of preparation methods and operating parameters (Chapter 3). 0́Ø Determine the suitability of a novel Pt-free oxygen reduction reaction catalyst embedded in gas diffusion electrodes for acidic and alkaline fuel cell applications (Chapter 4). 0́Ø Establish electrode structure-activity relationships by aligning in-situ electrochemical analyses with ex-situ microtomographic (MicroCT) structural analyses (Chapter 5). 0́Ø Investigate the feasibility and utility of a microfluidic-based vapor feed direct methanol fuel cell (VF-DMFC) configuration as a power source for portable applications (Chapter 6). In all these areas, the information garnered from these in-situ analytical platforms will advance the development of more robust and cost-effective electrode configurations and thus more durable and commercially-viable fuel cell systems (both membrane-based and membraneless).
Book Synopsis A Microscale Approach to Optimizing the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cells by : Mehran Abbaszadeh Amirdehi
Download or read book A Microscale Approach to Optimizing the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cells written by Mehran Abbaszadeh Amirdehi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Résumé en anglais
Book Synopsis Performance Enhancements of Microfluidic Fuel Cells with Flow-through Porous Electrodes by : Jin Wook Lee
Download or read book Performance Enhancements of Microfluidic Fuel Cells with Flow-through Porous Electrodes written by Jin Wook Lee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents performance improvements of microfluidic fuel cells with flow-through porous electrodes. The baseline cell is a laminar flow-based, membraneless, microfluidic fuel cell employing vanadium redox species (as electrolytes). The main objective of the current work is to establish a design guideline for microfluidic fuel cells and to propose new design strategies that lead to better performing cells. The fundamental physics including fluid flow, electrochemical reactions in porous media, and convective/diffusive mass transport is closely investigated. Various loss elements during the baseline cell operation such as activation, ohmic, and mass transport losses are identified and compared. Some feasible and practical remedies to reduce the overall losses are proposed and successfully demonstrated: thin film current collector for the overall ohmic loss; nanofoam material as electrodes to reduce the activation loss; and novel concept to overcome mass transport limited performances. Further improvements would be anticipated if both ohmic and fluidic resistances of the nanofoam material are reduced. Uniform distribution of the pore sizes is also important to maximize the utilization of active electrode areas. When combined, the demonstrated technologies and design improvements are anticipated to bring this unique membraneless and catalyst-free fuel cell closer to commercialization as a low-cost power source.
Author :Marco Aurelio Dos Santos Bernardes Publisher :BoD – Books on Demand ISBN 13 :9533074809 Total Pages :746 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (33 download)
Book Synopsis Biofuel's Engineering Process Technology by : Marco Aurelio Dos Santos Bernardes
Download or read book Biofuel's Engineering Process Technology written by Marco Aurelio Dos Santos Bernardes and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-08-01 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aspires to be a comprehensive summary of current biofuels issues and thereby contribute to the understanding of this important topic. Readers will find themes including biofuels development efforts, their implications for the food industry, current and future biofuels crops, the successful Brazilian ethanol program, insights of the first, second, third and fourth biofuel generations, advanced biofuel production techniques, related waste treatment, emissions and environmental impacts, water consumption, produced allergens and toxins. Additionally, the biofuel policy discussion is expected to be continuing in the foreseeable future and the reading of the biofuels features dealt with in this book, are recommended for anyone interested in understanding this diverse and developing theme.
Book Synopsis Fuel Cell Catalysis by : Andrzej Wieckowski
Download or read book Fuel Cell Catalysis written by Andrzej Wieckowski and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-01 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wiley Series on Electrocatalysis and Electrochemistry Fuel Cell Catalysis A Surface Science Approach A Core reference on fuel cell catalysis Fuel cells represent an important alternative energy source and a very active area of research. Fuel Cell Catalysis brings together world leaders in this field, providing a unique combination of state-of-the-art theory and computational and experimental methods. With an emphasis on understanding fuel cell catalysis at the molecular level, this text covers fundamental principles, future challenges, and important current research themes. Fuel Cell Catalysis: Provides a molecular-level description of catalysis for low-temperature polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells, including both hydrogen-oxygen cells and direct alcohol cells Examines catalysis issues of both anode and cathode such as oxygen reduction, alcohol oxidation, and CO tolerance Features a timely and forward-looking approach through emphasis on novel aspects such as computation and bio-inspiration Reviews the use and potential of surface-sensitive techniques like vibrational spectroscopy (IR, Raman, nonlinear spectroscopy, laser), scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray scattering, NMR, electrochemical techniques, and more Reviews the use and potential of such modern computational techniques as DFT, ab initio MD, kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, and more Surveys important trends in reactivity and structure sensitivity, nanoparticles, "dynamic" catalysis, electrocatalysis vs. gas-phase catalysis, new experimental techniques, and nontraditional catalysts This cutting-edge collection offers a core reference for electrochemists, electrocatalysis researchers, surface and physical chemists, chemical and automotive engineers, and researchers in academia, research institutes, and industry.
Download or read book Enzymatic Fuel Cells written by Inamuddin and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2019-02-16 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzymatic biofuel cells, in contrast to conventional energy systems, use enzymes as catalysts for the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy. These enzymes can also catalyze fuels such as sucrose, fructose and glucose. In addition to their use as catalysts, they are biocompatible in nature. Due to this fact, enzymatic biofuel cells have many interesting applications, such as implantable gadgets (biosensors, pacemakers, catheters, defibrillators, insulin pumps, self-controlled artificial muscles etc.). The book presents various aspects of biofuel cells including fuel cell electrochemistry, use of enzyme and enzyme immobilization techniques, use of materials such as mesoporous materials, graphene composites, conducting polymer composites and applications of biofuel cells.
Book Synopsis Microfluidic Fuel Cells and Batteries by : Erik Kjeang
Download or read book Microfluidic Fuel Cells and Batteries written by Erik Kjeang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-14 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microfluidic fuel cells and batteries represent a special type of electrochemical power generators that can be miniaturized and integrated in a microfluidic chip. Summarizing the initial ten years of research and development in this emerging field, this SpringerBrief is the first book dedicated to microfluidic fuel cell and battery technology for electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Written at a critical juncture, where strategically applied research is urgently required to seize impending technology opportunities for commercial, analytical, and educational utility, the intention is for this book to be a ‘one-stop shop’ for current and prospective researchers in the general area of membraneless, microfluidic electrochemical energy conversion. As the overall goal of the book is to provide a comprehensive resource for both research and technology development, it features extensive descriptions of the underlying fundamental theory, fabrication methods, and cell design principles, as well as a thorough review of previous contributions in this field and a future outlook with recommendations for further work. It is hoped that the content will entice and enable new research groups and engineers to rapidly gain traction in their own laboratories towards the development of next generation microfluidic electrochemical cells.
Download or read book Micro Fuel Cells written by Tim Zhao and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-07-07 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today's consumers of portable electronics consumers are demanding devices not only deliver more power but also work healthy for the environment. This fact alone has lead major corporations like Intel, BIC, Duracell and Microsoft to believe that Microfuel Cells could be the next-generation power source for electronic products. Compact and readable, Microfuels Principles and Applications, offers engineers and product designers a reference unsurpassed by any other in the market. The book starts with a clear and rigorous exposition of the fundamentals engineering principles governing energy conversion for small electronic devices, followed by self-contained chapters concerning applications. The authors provide original points of view on all types of commercially available micro fuel cells types, including micro proton exchange membrane fuel cells, micro direct methanol fuel cells, micro solid oxide fuel cells and micro bio-fuel cells. The book also contains a detailed introduction to the fabrication of the components and the assembly of the system, making it a valuable reference both in terms of its application to product design and understanding micro engineering principles. An overview of the micro fuel cell systems and applications A detailed introduction to the fabrication of the components and the assembly of the system Original points of view on prospects of micro fuel cells
Book Synopsis Bioelectrochemical Systems by : Korneel Rabaey
Download or read book Bioelectrochemical Systems written by Korneel Rabaey and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the context of wastewater treatment, Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) have gained considerable interest in the past few years, and several BES processes are on the brink of application to this area. This book, written by a large number of world experts in the different sub-topics, describes the different aspects and processes relevant to their development. Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) use micro-organisms to catalyze an oxidation and/or reduction reaction at an anodic and cathodic electrode respectively. Briefly, at an anode oxidation of organic and inorganic electron donors can occur. Prime examples of such electron donors are waste organics and sulfides. At the cathode, an electron acceptor such as oxygen or nitrate can be reduced. The anode and the cathode are connected through an electrical circuit. If electrical power is harvested from this circuit, the system is called a Microbial Fuel Cell; if electrical power is invested, the system is called a Microbial Electrolysis Cell. The overall framework of bio-energy and bio-fuels is discussed. A number of chapters discuss the basics – microbiology, microbial ecology, electrochemistry, technology and materials development. The book continues by highlighting the plurality of processes based on BES technology already in existence, going from wastewater based reactors to sediment based bio-batteries. The integration of BESs into existing water or process lines is discussed. Finally, an outlook is provided of how BES will fit within the emerging biorefinery area.
Book Synopsis Design with Constructal Theory by : Adrian Bejan
Download or read book Design with Constructal Theory written by Adrian Bejan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-09 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design course on the universal principle of configurations in nature and engineering-the constructal law Design with Constructal Theory offers a revolutionary new approach based on physics for understanding and predicting the designs that arise in nature and engineering, from the tree and the forest to the cooling of electronics, urban design, decontamination, and vascular smart materials. This book shows how you can use the method of constructal theory to design human-made systems in order to reduce trial and error and increase the system performance. First developed in the late 1990s, constructal theory holds that flow architecture arises from the natural evolutionary tendency to generate greater flow access in time and in flow configurations that are free to morph. It unites flow systems with solid mechanical structures, which are viewed as systems for the flow of stresses. Constructal theory unites nature with engineering, and helps us generate novel designs across the board, from high-density packages to vascular materials with new functionalities (self-healing, self-cooling), and from tree-shaped heat exchangers to svelte fluid-flow and solid structures. Design with Constructal Theory starts with basic principles and then shows how these principles are applied to understanding and designing increasingly complex systems. Problems and exercises at the end of each chapter give you an opportunity to use constructal theory to solve actual design problems. This book is based on a design course developed by the two authors for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students at Duke University and other universities all over the world. With the authors' expert guidance, students and professionals in mechanical, civil, environmental, chemical, aerospace, and biomedical engineering will understand natural systems, and then practice design as science, by relying on constructal strategies to pursue and discover novel and effective designs.
Book Synopsis Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells by : Horacio R. Corti
Download or read book Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells written by Horacio R. Corti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-02 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells: Materials, Performance, Durability and Applications begins with an introductory overview of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFC); it focuses on the main goals and challenges in the areas of materials development, performance, and commercialization. The preparation and the properties of the anodic catalysts used for the oxidation of methanol, higher alcohols, and alcohol tolerant cathodes are then described. The membranes used as proton conductors in DAFC are examined, as well as alkaline membranes, focusing on the electrical conductivity and alcohol permeability. The use of different kinds of carbon materials as catalyst supports, gas diffusion layers, and current collectors in DAFC is also discussed. State of the art of the modeling is used to estimate performance and durability. The closing chapter reviews the use of DAFC in portable equipment and mobile devices and features a detailed discussion on the mechanisms of component degradation which limits their durability. This book is written to facilitate the understanding of DAFC technology, applications, and future challenges. It is an excellent introduction for electrochemical and material engineers interested in small fuel cells as portable energy sources, scientists focused on materials science for energy production and storage, as well as policy-makers in the area of renewable energies.
Book Synopsis Energy Conversion by : Ibrahim H. Al-Bahadly
Download or read book Energy Conversion written by Ibrahim H. Al-Bahadly and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-01-16 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy conversion technology has always been a main focus for researchers in order to meet the increasing demand as well as securing a clean, consistent and reliable energy supply. The constantly rising fuel price is another good reason to develop alternative systems such as wind turbines, hydropower, photovoltaic systems and other renewable energy solutions. This book contains a collection of selected research works in the areas of electric energy generation, renewable energy sources, hybrid system, electromechanical energy conversion, electric machines, power electronic converters and inverters, energy storage, smart grid and traditional energy conversion systems. The book intends to provide academic and industry professionals working in the field of energy conversion and related applications with an update in energy conversion technology, particularly from the applied perspective.
Book Synopsis Progress and Recent Trends in Microbial Fuel Cells by : Patit Paban Kundu
Download or read book Progress and Recent Trends in Microbial Fuel Cells written by Patit Paban Kundu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-06-07 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress and Recent Trends in Microbial Fuel Cells provides an in-depth analysis of the fundamentals, working principles, applications and advancements (including commercialization aspects) made in the field of Microbial Fuel Cells research, with critical analyses and opinions from experts around the world. Microbial Fuel cell, as a potential alternative energy harnessing device, has been progressing steadily towards fruitful commercialization. Involvements of electrolyte membranes and catalysts have been two of the most critical factors toward achieving this progress. Added applications of MFCs in areas of bio-hydrogen production and wastewater treatment have made this technology extremely attractive and important. . Reviews and compares MFCs with other alternative energy harnessing devices, particularly in comparison to other fuel cells Analyses developments of electrolyte membranes, electrodes, catalysts and biocatalysts as critical components of MFCs, responsible for their present and future progress Includes commercial aspects of MFCs in terms of (i) generation of electricity, (ii) microbial electrolysis cell, (iii) microbial desalination cell, and (iv) wastewater and sludge treatment
Book Synopsis Advances in Sustainable Polymers by : Vimal Katiyar
Download or read book Advances in Sustainable Polymers written by Vimal Katiyar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic overview of the processing and applications of sustainable polymers. The volume covers recent advances in biomedical, food packaging, fuel cell, membrane, and other emerging applications. The book begins by addressing different sections of biomedical application including use of carbohydrate-based therapeutics, nanohybrids, nanohydrogels, bioresorbable polymers and their composites, polymer-grafted nanobiomaterials for biomedical devices and implants, nanofibres, and others. The second part of this book discusses various processing and packaging materials for food packaging applications. The last section discusses other emerging applications, including using microbial fuel cells for waste water treatment, microfluidic fuel cells for low power applications, among others. This volume will be relevant to researchers working to improve the properties of bio-based materials for their advanced application and wide commercialization.
