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Author : Kaye Moulton Teall
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Black History in Oklahoma written by Kaye Moulton Teall and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Norman L. Crockett
Publisher : University Press of Kansas
ISBN 13 : 0700631453
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (6 download)
Download or read book The Black Towns written by Norman L. Crockett and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2021-10-08 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Appomattox to World War I, blacks continued their quest for a secure position in the American system. The problem was how to be both black and American—how to find acceptance, or even toleration, in a society in which the boundaries of normative behavior, the values, and the very definition of what it meant to be an American were determined and enforced by whites. A few black leaders proposed self-segregation inside the United States within the protective confines of an all-black community as one possible solution. The Black-town idea reached its peak in the fifty years after the civil War; at least sixty Black communities were settled between 1865 and 1915. Norman L. Crockett has focused on the formation, growth and failure of five such communities. The towns and the date of their settlement are: Nicodemus, Kansas (1879), established at the time of the Black exodus from the South; Mound Bayou, Mississippi (1897), perhaps the most prominent black town because of its close ties to Booker T. Washington and Tuskegee Institute: Langston, Oklahoma (1891), visualized by one of its promoters as the nucleus for the creation of an all-Black state in the West; and Clearview (1903) and Boley (1904), in Oklahoma, twin communities in the Creek Nation which offer the opportunity observe certain aspects of Indian-Black relations in this area. The role of Black people in town promotion and settlement has long been a neglected area in western and urban history, Crockett looks at patterns of settlement and leadership, government, politics, economics, and the problems of isolation versus interaction with the white communities. He also describes family life, social life, and class structure within the Black towns. Crockett looks closely at the rhetoric and behavior of Black people inside the limits of tehir own community—isolated from the domination of whites and freed from the daily reinforcement of their subordinate rank in the larger society. He finds that, long before “Black is beautiful” entered the American vernacular, Black-town residents exhibited a strong sense of race price. The reader observes in microcosm Black attitudes about many aspects of American life as Crockett ties the Black-town experience to the larger question of race relations at the turn of the century. This volume also explains the failure of the Black-town dream. Crockett cites discrimination, lack of capital, and the many forces at work in the local, regional, and national economies. He shows how the racial and town-building experiement met its demise as the residents of all-Black communities became both economically and psychologically trapped. This study adds valuable new material to the literature on Black history, and makes a significant contribution to American social and urban history, community studies, and the regional history of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Mississippi.
Author : Rochelle Stephney-Roberson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780981710563
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Impact written by Rochelle Stephney-Roberson and published by . This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "When librarian-educator Rochelle Stephney-Roberson recognized that many young people in Oklahoma knew little about the state's black history, she set out to do something about it. Her hard work has resulted in the newest release from Oklahoma City publisher Forty-sixth Star Press. Full of never before seen photographs and entries about people and events, the book chronicles the contributions of individuals and groups who have had an impact not only on Oklahoma but on the nation at large. Organized chronologically, Impact: Blacks in Oklahoma History includes chapters on: Oklahoma Territory, Tulsa Race Riots, Buffalo Soldiers, and All Black Towns. Included are also stories gleaned from personal interviews with friends and families of: Clara Luper, Joe Carter, Wayman Tisdale, Ada Lois Sipuel Fisher, Big Al Downing, Roscoe Dunjee, Selmon Brothers, and Bass Reeves. The Activities Edition contains multiple choice, T/F, fill-in-the-blank, and word finder puzzles useful to school teachers and homeschoolers." --
Author : Karolyn Smardz Frost
Publisher : Wayne State University Press
ISBN 13 : 0814339603
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (143 download)
Download or read book A Fluid Frontier written by Karolyn Smardz Frost and published by Wayne State University Press. This book was released on 2016-02-15 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars of the Underground Railroad as well as those in borderland studies will appreciate the interdisciplinary mix and unique contributions of this volume.
Author : Karla Slocum
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469653982
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)
Download or read book Black Towns, Black Futures written by Karla Slocum and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some know Oklahoma's Black towns as historic communities that thrived during the Jim Crow era—this is only part of the story. In this book, Karla Slocum shows that the appeal of these towns is more than their past. Drawing on interviews and observations of town life spanning several years, Slocum reveals that people from diverse backgrounds are still attracted to the communities because of the towns' remarkable history as well as their racial identity and rurality. But that attraction cuts both ways. Tourists visit to see living examples of Black success in America, while informal predatory lenders flock to exploit the rural Black economies. In Black towns, there are developers, return migrants, rodeo spectators, and gentrifiers, too. Giving us a complex window into Black town and rural life, Slocum ultimately makes the case that these communities are places for affirming, building, and dreaming of Black community success even as they contend with the sometimes marginality of Black and rural America.
Author : Alaina E. Roberts
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812297989
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)
Download or read book I've Been Here All the While written by Alaina E. Roberts and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perhaps no other symbol has more resonance in African American history than that of "40 acres and a mule"—the lost promise of Black reparations for slavery after the Civil War. In I've Been Here All the While, we meet the Black people who actually received this mythic 40 acres, the American settlers who coveted this land, and the Native Americans whose holdings it originated from. In nineteenth-century Indian Territory (modern-day Oklahoma), a story unfolds that ties African American and Native American history tightly together, revealing a western theatre of Civil War and Reconstruction, in which Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole Indians, their Black slaves, and African Americans and whites from the eastern United States fought military and rhetorical battles to lay claim to land that had been taken from others. Through chapters that chart cycles of dispossession, land seizure, and settlement in Indian Territory, Alaina E. Roberts draws on archival research and family history to upend the traditional story of Reconstruction. She connects debates about Black freedom and Native American citizenship to westward expansion onto Native land. As Black, white, and Native people constructed ideas of race, belonging, and national identity, this part of the West became, for a short time, the last place where Black people could escape Jim Crow, finding land and exercising political rights, until Oklahoma statehood in 1907.
Author : David A. Chang
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 0807895768
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)
Download or read book The Color of the Land written by David A. Chang and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2010-02-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Color of the Land brings the histories of Creek Indians, African Americans, and whites in Oklahoma together into one story that explores the way races and nations were made and remade in conflicts over who would own land, who would farm it, and who would rule it. This story disrupts expected narratives of the American past, revealing how identities--race, nation, and class--took new forms in struggles over the creation of different systems of property. Conflicts were unleashed by a series of sweeping changes: the forced "removal" of the Creeks from their homeland to Oklahoma in the 1830s, the transformation of the Creeks' enslaved black population into landed black Creek citizens after the Civil War, the imposition of statehood and private landownership at the turn of the twentieth century, and the entrenchment of a sharecropping economy and white supremacy in the following decades. In struggles over land, wealth, and power, Oklahomans actively defined and redefined what it meant to be Native American, African American, or white. By telling this story, David Chang contributes to the history of racial construction and nationalism as well as to southern, western, and Native American history.
Author : Ty Wilson & Karen Coody Cooper
Publisher : Arcadia Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1625859953
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (258 download)
Download or read book Oklahoma Black Cherokees written by Ty Wilson & Karen Coody Cooper and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2017 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the generations, Cherokee citizens became a conglomerate people. Early in the nineteenth century, tribal leaders adapted their government to mirror the new American model. While accommodating institutional slavery of black people, they abandoned the Cherokee matrilineal clan structure that once determined their citizenship. The 1851 census revealed a total population nearing 18,000, which included 1,844 slaves and 64 free blacks. What it means to be Cherokee has continued to evolve over the past century, yet the histories assembled here by Ty Wilson, Karen Coody Cooper and other contributing authors reveal a meaningful story of identity and survival.
Author : Hannibal B. Johnson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Acres of Aspiration written by Hannibal B. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book African American Experience in Oklahoma written by and published by . This book was released on 2006* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Karlos K. Hill
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 0806168862
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (61 download)
Download or read book The 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre written by Karlos K. Hill and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the evening of May 31, 1921, and in the early morning hours of June 1, several thousand white citizens and authorities violently attacked the African American Greenwood District of Tulsa, Oklahoma. In the course of some twelve hours of mob violence, white Tulsans reduced one of the nation’s most prosperous black communities to rubble and killed an estimated 300 people, mostly African Americans. This richly illustrated volume, featuring more than 175 photographs, along with oral testimonies, shines a new spotlight on the race massacre from the vantage point of its victims and survivors. Historian and Black Studies professor Karlos K. Hill presents a range of photographs taken before, during, and after the massacre, mostly by white photographers. Some of the images are published here for the first time. Comparing these photographs to those taken elsewhere in the United States of lynchings, the author makes a powerful case for terming the 1921 outbreak not a riot but a massacre. White civilians, in many cases assisted or condoned by local and state law enforcement, perpetuated a systematic and coordinated attack on Black Tulsans and their property. Despite all the violence and devastation, black Tulsans rebuilt the Greenwood District brick by brick. By the mid-twentieth century, Greenwood had reached a new zenith, with nearly 250 Black-owned and Black-operated businesses. Today the citizens of Greenwood, with support from the broader community, continue to work diligently to revive the neighborhood once known as “Black Wall Street.” As a result, Hill asserts, the most important legacy of the Tulsa Race Massacre is the grit and resilience of the Black survivors of racist violence. The 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre: A Photographic History offers a perspective largely missing from other accounts. At once captivating and disturbing, it will embolden readers to confront the uncomfortable legacy of racial violence in U.S. history.
Author : Brandy Colbert
Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 0063056682
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (63 download)
Download or read book Black Birds in the Sky written by Brandy Colbert and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2021-10-05 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A searing new work of nonfiction from award-winning author Brandy Colbert about the history and legacy of one of the most deadly and destructive acts of racial violence in American history: the Tulsa Race Massacre. Winner, Boston Globe-Horn Book Award. In the early morning of June 1, 1921, a white mob marched across the train tracks in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and into its predominantly Black Greenwood District—a thriving, affluent neighborhood known as America's Black Wall Street. They brought with them firearms, gasoline, and explosives. In a few short hours, they'd razed thirty-five square blocks to the ground, leaving hundreds dead. The Tulsa Race Massacre is one of the most devastating acts of racial violence in US history. But how did it come to pass? What exactly happened? And why are the events unknown to so many of us today? These are the questions that award-winning author Brandy Colbert seeks to answer in this unflinching nonfiction account of the Tulsa Race Massacre. In examining the tension that was brought to a boil by many factors—white resentment of Black economic and political advancement, the resurgence of white supremacist groups, the tone and perspective of the media, and more—a portrait is drawn of an event singular in its devastation, but not in its kind. It is part of a legacy of white violence that can be traced from our country's earliest days through Reconstruction, the Civil Rights movement in the mid–twentieth century, and the fight for justice and accountability Black Americans still face today. The Tulsa Race Massacre has long failed to fit into the story Americans like to tell themselves about the history of their country. This book, ambitious and intimate in turn, explores the ways in which the story of the Tulsa Race Massacre is the story of America—and by showing us who we are, points to a way forward. YALSA Honor Award for Excellence in Nonfiction
Author : Kendra Taira Field
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300182287
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Growing Up with the Country written by Kendra Taira Field and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-09 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The masterful and poignant story of three African-American families who journeyed west after emancipation, by an award-winning scholar and descendant of the migrants Following the lead of her own ancestors, Kendra Field’s epic family history chronicles the westward migration of freedom’s first generation in the fifty years after emancipation. Drawing on decades of archival research and family lore within and beyond the United States, Field traces their journey out of the South to Indian Territory, where they participated in the development of black and black Indian towns and settlements. When statehood, oil speculation, and Jim Crow segregation imperiled their lives and livelihoods, these formerly enslaved men and women again chose emigration. Some migrants launched a powerful back-to-Africa movement, while others moved on to Canada and Mexico. Their lives and choices deepen and widen the roots of the Great Migration. Interweaving black, white, and Indian histories, Field’s beautifully wrought narrative explores how ideas about race and color powerfully shaped the pursuit of freedom.
Author : Carole Boston Weatherford
Publisher : Candlewick Press
ISBN 13 : 1536220639
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (362 download)
Download or read book Schomburg: The Man Who Built a Library written by Carole Boston Weatherford and published by Candlewick Press. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A must-read for a deeper understanding of a well-connected genius who enriched the cultural road map for African Americans and books about them.” — Kirkus Reviews (starred review) Amid the scholars, poets, authors, and artists of the Harlem Renaissance stood an Afro–Puerto Rican named Arturo Schomburg. This law clerk’s passion was to collect books, letters, music, and art from Africa and the African diaspora and bring to light the achievements of people of African descent through the ages. A century later, his groundbreaking collection, known as the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, has become a beacon to scholars all over the world. In luminous paintings and arresting poems, two of children’s literature’s top African-American scholars track Arturo Schomburg’s quest to correct history.
Author : David W. Levy
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 0806167858
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (61 download)
Download or read book Breaking Down Barriers written by David W. Levy and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2020-09-10 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For nearly sixty years, the University of Oklahoma, in obedience to state law, denied admission to African Americans. Only in October 1948 did this racial barrier start to break down, when an elderly teacher named George McLaurin became the first African American to enroll at the university. McLaurin’s case, championed by the NAACP, drew national attention and culminated in a U.S. Supreme Court decision. In Breaking Down Barriers, distinguished historian David W. Levy chronicles the historically significant—and at times poignant—story of McLaurin’s two-year struggle to secure his rights. Through exhaustive research, Levy has uncovered as much as we can know about George McLaurin (1887–1968), a notably private person. A veteran educator, he was fully qualified for admission as a graduate student in the university’s School of Education. When the university denied his application, solely on the basis of race, McLaurin received immediate assistance from the NAACP and its lead attorney Thurgood Marshall, who brilliantly defended his case in state and federal courts. On his very first day of class, as Levy details, McLaurin had to sit in a special alcove, separate from the white students in the classroom. Photographs of McLaurin in this humiliating position set off a firestorm of national outrage. Dozens of other African American men and women followed McLaurin to the university, and Levy reviews the many bizarre contortions that university officials had to perform, often against their own inclinations, to accord with the state’s mandate to keep black and white students apart in classrooms, the library, cafeterias and dormitories, and the football stadium. Ultimately, in 1950, the U.S. Supreme Court, swayed by the arguments of Marshall and his co-counsel Robert Carter, ruled in McLaurin’s favor. The decision, as Levy explains, stopped short of toppling the decades-old doctrine of “separate but equal.” But the case led directly to the 1954 landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education, which finally declared that flawed policy unconstitutional.
Author : Gary Zellar
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 9780806138152
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (381 download)
Download or read book African Creeks written by Gary Zellar and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A narrative of the African Creek community
Author : James Shaw Sr.
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 0578097222
Total Pages : 113 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (78 download)
Download or read book Boley: Oklahoma’s Famous Black Town written by James Shaw Sr. and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2012-02-24 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boley: Oklahoma's Famous Black Town is a compelling introduction to the untold story of one of America's most influential Black towns. James Shaw retells the story in a way that even a novice of history can appreciate and embrace. It is a journey down memory lane, the details of which have been recorded with both precision and decorum.
