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Biota And Persistence Of Retention Trees In Relation To The Characteristics Of The Trees And Cut Areas
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Book Synopsis Biota and Persistence of Retention Trees in Relation to the Characteristics of the Trees and Cut Areas by : Raul Rosenvald
Download or read book Biota and Persistence of Retention Trees in Relation to the Characteristics of the Trees and Cut Areas written by Raul Rosenvald and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Growth of Advance Regeneration of Norway Spruce After Clearcut by : Marek Metslaid
Download or read book Growth of Advance Regeneration of Norway Spruce After Clearcut written by Marek Metslaid and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Size- and Age-Related Changes in Tree Structure and Function by : Frederick C. Meinzer
Download or read book Size- and Age-Related Changes in Tree Structure and Function written by Frederick C. Meinzer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of trees live and grow all around us, and we all recognize the vital role they play in the world’s ecosystems. Publicity campaigns exhort us to plant yet more. Yet until recently comparatively little was known about the root causes of the physical changes that attend their growth. Since trees typically increase in size by three to four orders of magnitude in their journey to maturity, this gap in our knowledge has been a crucial issue to address. Here at last is a synthesis of the current state of our knowledge about both the causes and consequences of ontogenetic changes in key features of tree structure and function. During their ontogeny, trees undergo numerous changes in their physiological function, the structure and mechanical properties of their wood, and overall architecture and allometry. This book examines the central interplay between these changes and tree size and age. It also explores the impact these changes can have, at the level of the individual tree, on the emerging characteristics of forest ecosystems at various stages of their development. The analysis offers an explanation for the importance of discriminating between the varied physical properties arising from the nexus of size and age, as well as highlighting the implications these ontogenetic changes have for commercial forestry and climate change. This important and timely summation of our knowledge base in this area, written by highly respected researchers, will be of huge interest, not only to researchers, but also to forest managers and silviculturists.
Book Synopsis The Tree Habit in Land Plants by : Volker Mosbrugger
Download or read book The Tree Habit in Land Plants written by Volker Mosbrugger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-04-10 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present study will help answer questions of tree type evolution, function, optimum, and tree construction types, using the approach of constructional morphology which to date has been widely neglected in palaeobotany and botany. First, the evolution pattern of the earliest Devonian trees is analyzed and explained, including a brief introduction of tree biomechanics. Then fossil and recent trees are studied from the viewpoint of constructional morphology with the main emphasis on the trunk as the most characteristic element of a tree. The various trunk constructions are classified into functional construction types, which are described and analyzed with respect to their biomechanical and biological properties. This functional comparison shows that the basic trunk constructions all appear in the Devonian, have specific advantages and disadvantages and constrain the possible growth habit of a tree. This study based on modern and fossil trees not only leads to a description but also to a causal understanding of the evolution and biology of the various tree types.
Book Synopsis Green-tree Retention and Ectomycorrhiza Legacies by : Christopher A. Stockdale
Download or read book Green-tree Retention and Ectomycorrhiza Legacies written by Christopher A. Stockdale and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These studies are part of the Demonstration of Ecosystem Management Options (DEMO) study, a program researching the effects of different levels and patterns of green-tree retention on ecological, economic, and social phenomena. We restricted our studies to the 15% basal area, evenly dispersed retention treatment. Our objectives were, first, to quantify the change in ectomycorrhiza (EM) type richness after treatment. Second, to determine if changes in EM type richness depended on proximity to retention trees by quantifying EM type richness and root density at four distance classes from retention trees. Third, to determine the relationship between photosynthetic potential of retention trees (measured by cross-sectional sapwood area), root density, and EM type richness. Finally, to determine the effects of retention-tree productivity, root density, and distance from host tree on EM community structure. Three sites (blocks) of the DEMO study were used: Hamilton Buttes, Dog Prairie, and Watson Falls. Pretreatment samples were taken between one and three years before thinning. Post-treatment samples were collected within two years of the thinning. Ectomycorrhizae were sampled using 5.5 cm diameter by 15 cm deep soil cores and identified by morphotyping techniques. We found a significant reduction in EM type richness as a result of the thinning treatment. Within the dripline of retention trees, however, there was no significant decline in the number of EM types. In areas removed from trees, there was up to a 50% decline in the mean number of EM types per soil core. Samples within the dripline and at the edge of the dripline (host-tree samples) had no significant differences in EM type richness or community structure when compared to each other. When host-tree samples were compared to soil cores taken just outside the dripline and in open areas, significantly lower EM type richness was detected, as was a shift in overall community structure. Ectomycorrhiza type richness was found to be significantly and positively correlated with fine-root tip density. Sapwood area of retention trees had no significant correlations with root density, EM type richness, or community structure. The community structure of EM, in terms of relative abundance, most closely followed the log-normal distribution. In the outside dripline soil cores, there were very few rare types observed, suggesting that the probability of an EM type being lost was linked with its pre-disturbance abundance and the loss of the host tree. Cenococcum geophilum was the most abundant EM type, accounting for 18.7% of EM tips, and occurring in nearly all samples. Retention trees serve as important refugia for EM. This biological legacy from the pre-disturbance stand may be important for recolonization of EM onto new seedlings. For those EM that are lost from these treatment units, early recolonization may occur from the spore bank or wind dispersal. Over time, hypogeous fruiting species and those adapted to conditions in a mature forest may re-colonize from neighboring forest stands, provided the distance to the edge of reserve areas is not too great for effective spore dispersal.
Book Synopsis Experimental Design and Analysis for Tree Improvement by : ER Williams
Download or read book Experimental Design and Analysis for Tree Improvement written by ER Williams and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2002-05-16 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental Design and Analysis for Tree Improvement provides a set of practical procedures to follow when planning, designing and analysing tree improvement trials. Using many fully-worked examples, it outlines how to: design field, glasshouse and laboratory trials; efficiently collect data and construct electronic data files; pre-process data, screening for data quality and outliers; analyse data from single and across-site trials using either GenStat or SAS; and interpret the results from statistical analyses. The authors address the many practical issues often faced in forest tree improvement trials and describe techniques that will give conclusive results with the minimum expense. The techniques provided are applicable to the improvement of not only trees, but to crops in general. Building on the success of the first edition, this edition includes commercially-available software packages for design generation (CycDesigN) and data pre-processing and automated generation of programs for statistical analysis (DataPlus). For analysis, it provides both GenStat and SAS programs as generated by DataPlus.
Book Synopsis Studying Tree Responses to Extreme Events by : Achim Bräuning
Download or read book Studying Tree Responses to Extreme Events written by Achim Bräuning and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-06-05 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trees are among the longest-living organisms. They are sensitive to extreme climatic events and document the effects of environmental changes in form of structural modifications of their tissues. These modifications represent an integrated signal of complex biological responses enforced by the environment. For example, temporal change in stem increment integrates multiple information of tree performance, and wood anatomical traits may be altered by climatic extremes or environmental stress. Recent developments in preparative tools and computational image analysis enable to quantify changes in wood anatomical features, like vessel density or vessel size. Thus, impacts on their functioning can be related to climatic forcing factors. Similarly, new developments in monitoring (cambial) phenology and mechanistic modelling are enlightening the interrelationships between environmental factors, wood formation and tree performance and mortality. Quantitative wood anatomy is a reliable indicator of drought occurrence during the growing season, and therefore has been studied intensively in recent years. The variability in wood anatomy not only alters the biological and hydraulic functioning of a tree, but may also influence the technological properties of wood, with substantial impacts in forestry. On a larger scale, alterations of sapwood and phloem area and their ratios to other functional traits provide measures to detect changes in a tree’s life functions, and increasing risk of drought-induced mortality with possible impacts on hydrological processes and species composition of plant communities. Genetic variability within and across populations is assumed to be crucial for species survival in an unpredictable future world. The magnitude of genetic variation and heritability of adaptive traits might define the ability to adapt to climate change. Is there a relation between genetic variability and resilience to climate change? Is it possible to link genetic expression and climate change to obtain deeper knowledge of functional genetics? To derive precise estimates of genetic determinism it is important to define adaptive traits in wood properties and on a whole-tree scale. Understanding the mechanisms ruling these processes is fundamental to assess the impact of extreme climate events on forest ecosystems, and to provide realistic scenarios of tree responses to changing climates. Wood is also a major carbon sink with a long-term residence, impacting the global carbon cycle. How well do we understand the link between wood growth dynamics, wood carbon allocation and the global carbon cycle? Papers contribution to this Research Topic will cover a wide range of ecosystems. However, special relevance will be given to Mediterranean-type areas. These involve coastal regions of four continents, making Mediterranean-type ecosystems extremely interesting for investigating the potential impacts of global change on growth and for studying responses of woody plants under extreme environmental conditions. For example, the ongoing trend towards warmer temperatures and reduced precipitation can increase the susceptibility to fire and pests. The EU-funded COST Action STREeSS (Studying Tree Responses to extreme Events: a SynthesiS) addresses such crucial tree biological and forest ecological issues by providing a collection of important methodological and scientific insights, about the current state of knowledge, and by opinions for future research needs.
Book Synopsis Growth Stresses and Strains in Trees by : Robert R. Archer
Download or read book Growth Stresses and Strains in Trees written by Robert R. Archer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although over 40 years have passed since Jacobs (1945) convincingly established the basic radial pattern of residual growth stress in growing trees, yet this phenomenon is still not widely appreciated in wood science and technology circles. This is in spite of the fact that the presence of these stresses of sizeable magnitudes has long been recognized as a primary cause of shakes and splits in logs as well as the warping of lumber sawn in the green condition. The presentation of the subject of growth stresses in trees presents some special problems due to the wide range of specialists who potentially might have an interest in the subject. For example, tree physiologists interested in questions such as the relation of mechanical stress to stem taper and the role of reaction wood and gravity forces in determining tree crown form encounter growth stress models. Silvi culturists interested in the relation ofthinning practices to wood quality find that wood properties are correlated with growth stress levels which are in turn significantly changed by cutting practices. Wood techno logists interested in the relation of residual growth stress gradients in green logs to the dimensional quality of sawn and seasoned lumber are forced to take a more quantitative approach to the effect of growth stresses than might have been the case in the past.
Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Forest Ecology by : Kelvin S.-H. Peh
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Forest Ecology written by Kelvin S.-H. Peh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-10-16 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive handbook provides a unique resource covering all aspects of forest ecology from a global perspective. It covers both natural and managed forests, from boreal, temperate, sub-tropical and tropical regions of the world. The book is divided into seven parts, addressing the following themes: forest types forest dynamics forest flora and fauna energy and nutrients forest conservation and management forests and climate change human impacts on forest ecology. While each chapter can stand alone as a suitable resource for a lecture or seminar, the complete book provides an essential reference text for a wide range of students of ecology, environmental science, forestry, geography and natural resource management. Contributors include leading authorities from all parts of the world.
Book Synopsis Adaptation of Trees to Climate Change: Mechanisms Behind Physiological and Ecological Resilience and Vulnerability by : Andrea Ghirardo
Download or read book Adaptation of Trees to Climate Change: Mechanisms Behind Physiological and Ecological Resilience and Vulnerability written by Andrea Ghirardo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-16 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Beetle Conservation written by T.R. New and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-30 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Journal of Insect Conservation is the first to be dedicated entirely to beetles. It contains a number of papers to demonstrate the variety and scope of problems and conservation concerns that surround these insects. A short introductory perspective is followed by eight original contributions, in which beetles from many parts of the world are considered, and in which some major threats to their wellbeing are evaluated.
Book Synopsis Autoecology and Ecophysiology of Woody Shrubs and Trees by : Ratikanta Maiti
Download or read book Autoecology and Ecophysiology of Woody Shrubs and Trees written by Ratikanta Maiti and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest trees and shrubs play vital ecological roles, reducing the carbon load from the atmosphere by using carbon dioxide in photosynthesis and by the storage of carbon in biomass and wood as a source of energy. Autoecology deals with all aspects of woody plants; the dynamism of populations, physiological traits of trees, light requirements, life history patterns, and physiological and morphological characters. Ecophysiology is defined by various plant growth parameters such as leaf traits, xylem water potential, plant height, basal diameter, and crown architecture which are, in turn, influenced by physiological traits and environmental conditions in the forest ecosystem. In short, this book details research advances in various aspects of woody plants to help forest scientists and foresters manage and protect forest trees and plan their future research. Autoecology and Ecophysiology of Woody Shrubs and Trees is intended to be a guide for students of woody plant autoecology and ecophysiology, as well as for researchers in this field. It is also an invaluable resource for foresters to assist in effective management of forest resources.
Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Residual Trees as Biological Legacies by :
Download or read book Residual Trees as Biological Legacies written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Canadian Journal of Forest Research by :
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Forest Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2015-10 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecological Silviculture by : Brian J. Palik
Download or read book Ecological Silviculture written by Brian J. Palik and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classical silviculture has often emphasized timber models, fundamentally based in production agriculture. This books presents silvicultural methods based in natural forest models—models that emulate natural disturbances and development processes, sustain biological legacies, and allow time to take its course in shaping stands. These methods, dubbed “ecological forestry,” have been successfully implemented by foresters for decades managing a wide variety of forestlands. Ecological silvicultural strategies protect threatened and rare species, sustain biological diversity, and provide habitat for game and non-game species, all while providing timber in profitable ways.
Book Synopsis Riparian Areas by : National Research Council
Download or read book Riparian Areas written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-10-10 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that wetlands be protected from degradation because of their important ecological functions including maintenance of high water quality and provision of fish and wildlife habitat. However, this protection generally does not encompass riparian areasâ€"the lands bordering rivers and lakesâ€"even though they often provide the same functions as wetlands. Growing recognition of the similarities in wetland and riparian area functioning and the differences in their legal protection led the NRC in 1999 to undertake a study of riparian areas, which has culminated in Riparian Areas: Functioning and Strategies for Management. The report is intended to heighten awareness of riparian areas commensurate with their ecological and societal values. The primary conclusion is that, because riparian areas perform a disproportionate number of biological and physical functions on a unit area basis, restoration of riparian functions along America's waterbodies should be a national goal.
