Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Biological Upgrading Of Coal Liquids Quarterly Report October December 31 1992
Download Biological Upgrading Of Coal Liquids Quarterly Report October December 31 1992 full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Biological Upgrading Of Coal Liquids Quarterly Report October December 31 1992 ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. Quarterly Report, October--December 31, 1992 by :
Download or read book Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. Quarterly Report, October--December 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Culture screening and performance studies were performed with a variety of cultures in removing nitrogen compounds from coal liquid. Two cultures were shown to be effective in removing 17 and 26 percent of the nitrogen in coal liquid as determined by elemental analysis. Experiments will continue in an effort to find additional cultures and isolates able to degrade nitrogen, as well as oxygen and sulfur as heteroatom compounds, from coal liquids. A biological process for upgrading of coal liquids would offer significant advantages, such as operation at ordinary temperature and pressure with better energy efficiency. Of greater importance is the fact that microorganisms do not require an external supply of hydrogen for heteroatom removal, obtaining required hydrogen from water. Furthermore, the biocatalysts are continuously regenerated by growth on the heteroatom compounds. Ring structures are degraded as the heteroatoms are removed. The heteroatoms are in an inocuous form, such as NH3, SO42− CO2 and H2O. Therefore, there is significant potential for the development of an economical biological process for upgrading of coal liquids.
Book Synopsis Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. First Quarterly Report, January 1, 1992--March 31, 1992 by :
Download or read book Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. First Quarterly Report, January 1, 1992--March 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to present the results of culture selection studies for the removal of heteroatom compounds from coal liquids. A variety of pure cultures have been selected based upon a comprehensive literature review. In addition, cultures are being isolated from natural sources. Synthetic heteroatom compounds are presently being utilized in the degradation studies until the Environmental Assessment Questionnaire is approved. (VC).
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1993--December 31, 1993 by :
Download or read book Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1993--December 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large number of bacterial enrichments are being developed for their ability to utilize nitrogen and sulfur in coal liquids and the model compound naphtha. These bacteria include the original aerobic bacteria isolated from natural sources which utilize heteroatom compounds in the presence of rich media, aerobic nitrogen-utilizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. Experiments utilizing these bacteria are presented below. Stirred tank reactor studies utilizing these cultures are in progress, although results from these experiments are not presented at this time.
Book Synopsis Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. Fourth Quarterly Report, September 24, 1991--December 31, 1991 by :
Download or read book Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. Fourth Quarterly Report, September 24, 1991--December 31, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to present progress to date on the biological upgrading of coal liquids. This three-year study focuses on surveying of known microorganisms for S, N, and O removal and aromaticity reduction. Isolates from natural sources will also be sought for these reactions. The performance of these cultures will be optimized and evaluated individually and as a mixed culture. The best cultures will be selected for performance evaluation in continuous submerged culture experiments in constant-stirring bioreactors. Reactor design and product removal processes will be projected and the economics of this technology compared with conventional methods. (VC).
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sections 1-2. Keyword Index.--Section 3. Personal author index.--Section 4. Corporate author index.-- Section 5. Contract/grant number index, NTIS order/report number index 1-E.--Section 6. NTIS order/report number index F-Z.
Book Synopsis Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. Quarterly Report, April 1, 1992--June 30, 1992 by :
Download or read book Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. Quarterly Report, April 1, 1992--June 30, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project is to develop a simple biological process for the removal of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur heteroatoms from coal liquids, and simultaneously reducing aromaticity. Microorganisms, employing biocatalysts, are known to degrade aromatic heteroatom compounds in nature to NH3, SO4, and CO2. Preliminary experiments in the ERI laboratories to determine the feasibility of biological removal of N, 0, and S from coal and shale oil liquids have shown up to 20 percent nitrogen removal, 40 percent sulfur removal, and 100 percent oxygen removal in a simple one stage incubation. This project will screen known bacteria and develop isolates for N, 0, and S removal and aromaticity reduction. The performance of the best of these cultures will be optimized for complete heteroatom removal in a single step go up. An outline of the protocol used to select pure cultures and isolates for their suitability in degrading heteroatom compounds is presented. Also shown is a listing of nine model compounds to be used in culture comparison and selection studies. Preliminary results with isolate ERI4 shows that the bacterium grows on phenol as its sole carbon source and rapidly depletes the compound from the medium. Similar results are shown for ERI5, which grows on pyridine as its sole carbon and nitrogen source and rapidly removes the compound from the medium.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993-11 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Waerachtig verhael van het laetste verraet ghepractiseert eende in't werck gestelt in Yrlandt, door eenige Roomsche ghesinden, waer onder oock eenige voornaemste Yrsche heeren mede beschuldicht waren by :
Download or read book Waerachtig verhael van het laetste verraet ghepractiseert eende in't werck gestelt in Yrlandt, door eenige Roomsche ghesinden, waer onder oock eenige voornaemste Yrsche heeren mede beschuldicht waren written by and published by . This book was released on 1641 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. Quarterly Report, July 1, 1993--September 30, 1993 by :
Download or read book Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. Quarterly Report, July 1, 1993--September 30, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence of heteroatom and aromatic compounds in liquids obtained from coal liquefaction processes requires expensive hydrogenation treatment to derive an acceptable liquid fuel. This project will develop a simple biological process for removing N, O and S and reducing the aromaticity of coal liquids. Microorganisms, employing biocatalysts, are known to degrade aromatic heteroatom compounds in nature to NH[sub 3], SO[sub 4][sup =] and CO[sub 2]. Preliminary experiments in the ERI laboratories to determine the feasibility of biological removal of N, O and S from coal and shale oil liquids have shown up to 20 percent nitrogen removal, 40 percent sulfur removal and 100 percent oxygen removal in a simple one stage incubation. A biological process for upgrading of coal liquids would offer significant advantages, such as operation at ordinary temperature and pressure with better energy efficiency. Of greater importance is the fact that microorganisms do not require an external supply of hydrogen for heteroatom removal, obtaining the required hydrogen from water. Furthermore, the biocatalysts are continuously regenerated by growth on the heteroatom compounds. Ring structures are degraded as the heteroatoms are removed. The heteroatoms are in an innocuous form, such as NH[sub 3], S0[sub 4][sup =], C0[sub 2] and H[sub 2]0. Therefore, there is significant potential for the development of an economical biological process for upgrading coal liquids. This project will screen known bacteria and develop isolates for N, O and S removal and aromaticity reduction. The performance of the best of these cultures will be optimized for complete heteroatom removal in a single step. Continuous reactor experiments will be conducted with the optimal cultures to determine reaction kinetics and reactor design. The design and economics of this process, including product recovery, will be projected to define economic feasibility and high cost areas.
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Catalysts for Upgrading Coal-Derived Liquids. Quarterly Report, October 1-December 31, 1981 by :
Download or read book Catalysts for Upgrading Coal-Derived Liquids. Quarterly Report, October 1-December 31, 1981 written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Energy Resources and Systems by : Tushar Ghosh
Download or read book Energy Resources and Systems written by Tushar Ghosh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-17 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the lifetimes of the authors, the world and especially the United States have received three significant “wake-up calls” on energy production and consumption. The first of these occurred on October 15, 1973 when the Yom Kippur War began with an attack by Syria and Egypt on Israel. The United States and many western countries supported Israel. Because of the western support of Israel, several Arab oil exporting nations imposed an oil embargo on the west. These nations withheld five million barrels of oil per day. Other countries made up about one million barrels of oil per day but the net loss of four million barrels of oil production per day extended through March of 1974. This represented 7% of the free world’s (i. e. , excluding the USSR) oil production. In 1972 the price of crude oil was about $3. 00 per barrel and by the end of 1974 the price of oil had risen by a factor of 4 to over $12. 00. This resulted in one of the worst recessions in the post World War II era. As a result, there was a movement in the United States to become energy independent. At that time the United States imported about one third of its oil (about five million barrels per day). After the embargo was lifted, the world chose to ignore the “wake-up call” and went on with business as usual.
Book Synopsis Energy Resources and Systems by : Tushar K. Ghosh
Download or read book Energy Resources and Systems written by Tushar K. Ghosh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-04 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the lifetimes of the authors, the world and especially the United States have received three significant “wake-up calls” on energy production and consumption. The first of these occurred on October 15, 1973 when the Yom Kippur War began with an attack by Syria and Egypt on Israel. The United States and many western countries supported Israel. Because of the western support of Israel, several Arab oil exporting nations imposed an oil embargo on the west. These nations withheld five million barrels of oil per day. Other countries made up about one million barrels of oil per day but the net loss of four million barrels of oil production per day extended through March of 1974. This represented 7% of the free world’s (i. e. , excluding the USSR) oil production. In 1972 the price of crude oil was about $3. 00 per barrel and by the end of 1974 the price of oil had risen by a factor of 4 to over $12. 00. This resulted in one of the worst recessions in the post World War II era. As a result, there was a movement in the United States to become energy independent. At that time the United States imported about one third of its oil (about five million barrels per day). After the embargo was lifted, the world chose to ignore the “wake-up call” and went on with business as usual.
Book Synopsis Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. Final Report by :
Download or read book Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Direct Coal Liquefaction Concepts. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1992--December 31, 1992 by :
Download or read book Advanced Direct Coal Liquefaction Concepts. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1992--December 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the first quarter of FY 1993, the Project proceeded close to the Project Plan. The analysis of the feed material has been completed as far as possible. Some unplanned distillation was needed to correct the boiling range of the Black Thunder solvent used during the autoclave tests. Additional distillation will be required if the same solvent is to be used for the bench unit tests. A decision on this is still outstanding. The solvent to be used with Illinois No. 6 coal has not yet been defined. As a result, the procurement of the feed and the feed analysis is somewhat behind schedule. Agglomeration tests with Black Thunder coal indicates that small agglomerates can be formed. However, the ash removal is quite low (about 10%), which is not surprising in view of the low ash content of the coal. The first series of autoclave tests with Black Thunder coal was completed as planned. Also, additional runs are in progress as repeats of previous runs or at different operating conditions based on the data obtained so far. The results are promising indicating that almost complete solubilization (close to 90%) of Black Thunder coal can be achieved in a CO/H2O environment at our anticipated process conditions. The design of the bench unit has been completed. In contrast to the originally planned modifications, the bench unit is now designed based on a computerized control and data acquisition system. All major items of equipment have been received, and prefabrication of assemblies and control panels is proceeding on schedule. Despite a slight delay in the erection of the structural steel, it is anticipated that the bench unit will be operational at the beginning of April 1993.
Book Synopsis Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids by :
Download or read book Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to present progress to date on the biological upgrading of coal liquids. This three-year study focuses on surveying of known microorganisms for S, N, and O removal and aromaticity reduction. Isolates from natural sources will also be sought for these reactions. The performance of these cultures will be optimized and evaluated individually and as a mixed culture. The best cultures will be selected for performance evaluation in continuous submerged culture experiments in constant-stirring bioreactors. Reactor design and product removal processes will be projected and the economics of this technology compared with conventional methods. (VC).
