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Download or read book Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
![Download Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. [Thiobacillus Thiooxidans, Rhodococcus Rhodochorous, Sulfolobus Acidocaldarius]. PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/syBQAQAACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 3 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. [Thiobacillus Thiooxidans, Rhodococcus Rhodochorous, Sulfolobus Acidocaldarius]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to present the results of culture selection studies for the removal of heteroatom compounds from coal liquids. A variety of pure cultures have been selected based upon a comprehensive literature review. In addition, cultures are being isolated from natural sources. Synthetic heteroatom compounds are presently being utilized in the degradation studies until the Environmental Assessment Questionnaire is approved. (VC).
Download or read book Waerachtig verhael van het laetste verraet ghepractiseert eende in't werck gestelt in Yrlandt, door eenige Roomsche ghesinden, waer onder oock eenige voornaemste Yrsche heeren mede beschuldicht waren written by and published by . This book was released on 1641 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. Quarterly Report, October--December 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Culture screening and performance studies were performed with a variety of cultures in removing nitrogen compounds from coal liquid. Two cultures were shown to be effective in removing 17 and 26 percent of the nitrogen in coal liquid as determined by elemental analysis. Experiments will continue in an effort to find additional cultures and isolates able to degrade nitrogen, as well as oxygen and sulfur as heteroatom compounds, from coal liquids. A biological process for upgrading of coal liquids would offer significant advantages, such as operation at ordinary temperature and pressure with better energy efficiency. Of greater importance is the fact that microorganisms do not require an external supply of hydrogen for heteroatom removal, obtaining required hydrogen from water. Furthermore, the biocatalysts are continuously regenerated by growth on the heteroatom compounds. Ring structures are degraded as the heteroatoms are removed. The heteroatoms are in an inocuous form, such as NH3, SO42− CO2 and H2O. Therefore, there is significant potential for the development of an economical biological process for upgrading of coal liquids.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. Quarterly Report, April 1, 1992--June 30, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project is to develop a simple biological process for the removal of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur heteroatoms from coal liquids, and simultaneously reducing aromaticity. Microorganisms, employing biocatalysts, are known to degrade aromatic heteroatom compounds in nature to NH3, SO4, and CO2. Preliminary experiments in the ERI laboratories to determine the feasibility of biological removal of N, 0, and S from coal and shale oil liquids have shown up to 20 percent nitrogen removal, 40 percent sulfur removal, and 100 percent oxygen removal in a simple one stage incubation. This project will screen known bacteria and develop isolates for N, 0, and S removal and aromaticity reduction. The performance of the best of these cultures will be optimized for complete heteroatom removal in a single step go up. An outline of the protocol used to select pure cultures and isolates for their suitability in degrading heteroatom compounds is presented. Also shown is a listing of nine model compounds to be used in culture comparison and selection studies. Preliminary results with isolate ERI4 shows that the bacterium grows on phenol as its sole carbon source and rapidly depletes the compound from the medium. Similar results are shown for ERI5, which grows on pyridine as its sole carbon and nitrogen source and rapidly removes the compound from the medium.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. Quarterly Report, July 1, 1993--September 30, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence of heteroatom and aromatic compounds in liquids obtained from coal liquefaction processes requires expensive hydrogenation treatment to derive an acceptable liquid fuel. This project will develop a simple biological process for removing N, O and S and reducing the aromaticity of coal liquids. Microorganisms, employing biocatalysts, are known to degrade aromatic heteroatom compounds in nature to NH3, SO4{sup =} and CO2. Preliminary experiments in the ERI laboratories to determine the feasibility of biological removal of N, O and S from coal and shale oil liquids have shown up to 20 percent nitrogen removal, 40 percent sulfur removal and 100 percent oxygen removal in a simple one stage incubation. A biological process for upgrading of coal liquids would offer significant advantages, such as operation at ordinary temperature and pressure with better energy efficiency. Of greater importance is the fact that microorganisms do not require an external supply of hydrogen for heteroatom removal, obtaining the required hydrogen from water. Furthermore, the biocatalysts are continuously regenerated by growth on the heteroatom compounds. Ring structures are degraded as the heteroatoms are removed. The heteroatoms are in an innocuous form, such as NH3, S04{sup =}, C02 and H20. Therefore, there is significant potential for the development of an economical biological process for upgrading coal liquids. This project will screen known bacteria and develop isolates for N, O and S removal and aromaticity reduction. The performance of the best of these cultures will be optimized for complete heteroatom removal in a single step. Continuous reactor experiments will be conducted with the optimal cultures to determine reaction kinetics and reactor design. The design and economics of this process, including product recovery, will be projected to define economic feasibility and high cost areas.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. Fourth Quarterly Report, September 24, 1991--December 31, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to present progress to date on the biological upgrading of coal liquids. This three-year study focuses on surveying of known microorganisms for S, N, and O removal and aromaticity reduction. Isolates from natural sources will also be sought for these reactions. The performance of these cultures will be optimized and evaluated individually and as a mixed culture. The best cultures will be selected for performance evaluation in continuous submerged culture experiments in constant-stirring bioreactors. Reactor design and product removal processes will be projected and the economics of this technology compared with conventional methods. (VC).
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 3 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. First Quarterly Report, January 1, 1992--March 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to present the results of culture selection studies for the removal of heteroatom compounds from coal liquids. A variety of pure cultures have been selected based upon a comprehensive literature review. In addition, cultures are being isolated from natural sources. Synthetic heteroatom compounds are presently being utilized in the degradation studies until the Environmental Assessment Questionnaire is approved. (VC).
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Biological Upgrading of Coal Liquids. Quarterly Report, October 1, 1993--December 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large number of bacterial enrichments are being developed for their ability to utilize nitrogen and sulfur in coal liquids and the model compound naphtha. These bacteria include the original aerobic bacteria isolated from natural sources which utilize heteroatom compounds in the presence of rich media, aerobic nitrogen-utilizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. Experiments utilizing these bacteria are presented below. Stirred tank reactor studies utilizing these cultures are in progress, although results from these experiments are not presented at this time.
Author : Walter C. Weimer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Initial Chemical and Biological Characterization of Hydrotreated Solvent Refined Coal (SRC-II) Liquids written by Walter C. Weimer and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : A.V. Bridgwater
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781851665655
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (656 download)
Download or read book Biomass Pyrolysis Liquids Upgrading and Utilization written by A.V. Bridgwater and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991-03-31 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass pyrolysis has been practised for centuries in the manufacture of charcoal for industry and leisure. Only in the last two decades, however, has attention focussed on a better understanding of the science and technology, with the resultant benefits of better designed and controlled processes that give high yields of liquid products. These liquids, or 'bio-oil' as it is referred to, can be used in a variety of ways: -combustion to replace conventional fuel oil in boilers, process equipment such as kilns and in gas turbines for power generation; -upgrading by hydrotreating or with zeolites to gasoline, diesel and other hydrocarbon fuels, of chemicals; --extraction and upgrading to fuel additives and chemical specialities. Any charcoal produced can also be utilised to form char- water slurries, analogous to coal-water slurries, or bioi-oil slurries which may be used as liquid fuels in many combustion applications. A group of experts was set up in the EC Energy from Biomass programme to evaluate the status and opportunities for deriving useful liquid products from biomass pyrolysis. This book is a report of their findings and conclusions. It forms an authoritative guide to the wide range of technologies employed in biomass pyrolysis, and product upgrading, utilisation and characterisation. Recommendations and conclusions are included to identify promising areas of research and development that will be of value to researchers, planners and companies throughout the world.
Download or read book Chemical and Biological Stability of Solvent Refined Coal Liquids written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stability studies performed on seventeen SRC samples in boiling point from ambient to 850°F showed that the major chemical composition of the materials as monitored by high resolution gas chromatography did not change under the storage conditions of the repository, which were 4°C, in inert containers, under a nitrogen atmosphere, in the dark. Samples were monitored after two years of storage. It was also found from microbial mutagenicity studies that after four years in the repository there was no significant change in the biological activity of any of the SRC materials. Samples stored under various parameters of air versus nitrogen atmosphere and ambient light versus darkness at room temperature and -20°C for one year showed there was no significant differences in the chemical composition of any of the samples. There was evidence, however, that trace components such as amino-PAH degraded at room temperature, in the light, under an air atmosphere since the microbial mutagenicity of samples stored under these conditions for one year decreased significantly. Both the chemical composition and mutagenicity of FOB samples changed when stored diluted in methylene chloride, in the light, under an air atmosphere at room temperature. After one year of storage under these conditions, the microbial mutagenicity was eliminated. Storage of SRC-II FOB at increased temperatures of 60°C and 100°C showed significant changes in chemical composition due to volatility effects. The microbial mutagenicity of the FOB samples was completely eliminated after storage at 60°C for 32 weeks and 100°C for 26 weeks. It appears that the amino-PAH and phenolic materials are the most susceptible components to degradation in the complex SRC materials. 23 references, 29 figures, 50 tables.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 790 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard F. Sullivan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Upgrading Coal Liquids written by Richard F. Sullivan and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kostas Triantafyllidis
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0444563326
Total Pages : 607 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)
Download or read book The Role of Catalysis for the Sustainable Production of Bio-fuels and Bio-chemicals written by Kostas Triantafyllidis and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Role of Catalysis for the Sustainable Production of Bio-fuels and Bio-chemicals describes the importance of catalysis for the sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals, focused primarily on the state-of-the-art catalysts and catalytic processes expected to play a decisive role in the "green" production of fuels and chemicals from biomass. In addition, the book includes general elements regarding the entire chain of biomass production, conversion, environment, economy, and life-cycle assessment. Very few books are available on catalysis in production schemes using biomass or its primary conversion products, such as bio-oil and lignin. This book fills that gap with detailed discussions of: Catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass Hybrid biogasoline by co-processing in FCC units Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to biofuels (biomass-to-liquid process) Steam reforming of bio-oils to hydrogen With energy prices rapidly rising, environmental concerns growing, and regulatory apparatus evolving, this book is a resource with tutorial, research, and technological value for chemists, chemical engineers, policymakers, and students. Includes catalytic reaction mechanism schemes and gives a clear understanding of catalytic processes Includes flow diagrams of bench-, pilot- and industrial-scale catalytic processing units and demonstrates the various process technologies involved, enabling easy selection of the best process Incorporates many tables, enabling easy comparison of data based on a critical review of the available literature
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-06 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
