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Biological Production Of Ethanol Fom Coal
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Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. Final Report by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the abundant supply of coal in the United States, significant research efforts have occurred over the past 15 years concerning the conversion of coal to liquid fuels. Researchers at the University of Arkansas have concentrated on a biological approach to coal liquefaction, starting with coal-derived synthesis gas as the raw material. Synthesis gas, a mixture of CO, H2, CO2, CH4 and sulfur gases, is first produced using traditional gasification techniques. The CO, CO2 and H2 are then converted to ethanol using a bacterial culture of Clostridium 1jungdahlii. Ethanol is the desired product if the resultant product stream is to be used as a liquid fuel. However, under normal operating conditions, the ''wild strain'' produces acetate in favor of ethanol in conjunction with growth in a 20:1 molar ratio. Research was performed to determine the conditions necessary to maximize not only the ratio of ethanol to acetate, but also to maximize the concentration of ethanol resulting in the product stream.
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous results have shown that the medium pH, the composition of the medium and concentration of medium constituents significantly affect the ratio of ethanol to acetate in the product stream when fermenting CO, CO2 and H2 in synthesis gas to products by Clostridium ljungdahlii. An additional batch study was carried out varying the agitation rate at pH 4, 4.5 and 5.0. It was speculated that increased agitation rates in combination with low pH might result in increased ethanol production while, at the same time, yielding higher cell concentrations which could eventually result in higher ethanol concentrations.
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], September 22, 1990--December 21, 1990 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], September 22, 1990--December 21, 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous results have shown that the medium pH, the composition of the medium and concentration of medium constituents significantly affect the ratio of ethanol to acetate in the product stream when fermenting CO, CO2 and H2 in synthesis gas to products by Clostridium ljungdahlii. An additional batch study was carried out varying the agitation rate at pH 4, 4.5 and 5.0. It was speculated that increased agitation rates in combination with low pH might result in increased ethanol production while, at the same time, yielding higher cell concentrations which could eventually result in higher ethanol concentrations.
Book Synopsis Bench-scale Demonstration of Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal Synthesis Gas by :
Download or read book Bench-scale Demonstration of Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal Synthesis Gas written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], December 22, 1990--March 21, 1991 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], December 22, 1990--March 21, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previously studies have shown the importance of both medium composition and concentration and medium pH on ethanol production of Clostridium ljungdahlii in fermenting CO, CO2 and H2 in synthesis gas. Four additional batch experiments involving medium composition and concentration were carried out in modified basal medium without yeast extract at pH 4.0. These experiments indicate that basal medium with only small amounts of B-vitamins can yield significant cell growth while yielding ethanol as the major product. Product ratios as high as 11.0 g ethanol per g acetate were obtained with half strength B-vitamins. Further experiments indicates that Ca-pantothenate may be necessary for the growth of C. ljungdahlii and that growth and ethanol production can occur simultaneously.
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. Task 4 Report, Continuous Reactor Studies by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. Task 4 Report, Continuous Reactor Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of ethanol from synthesis gas by the anaerobic bacterium C. ljungdahlii has been demonstrated in continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs), CSTRs with cell recycle and trickle bed reactors. Various liquid media were utilized in these studies including basal medium, basal media with 1/2 B-vitamins and no yeast extract and a medium specifically designed for the growth of C. ljungdahlii in the CSTR. Ethanol production was successful in each of the three reactor types, although trickle bed operation with C. ljungdahlii was not as good as with the stirred tank reactors. Operation in the CSTR with cell recycle was particularly promising, producing 47 g/L ethanol with only minor concentrations of the by-product acetate.
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal Synthesis Gas Using Clostridium Ljungdahlii, Strain PETC by : Bill Baucum Elmore
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal Synthesis Gas Using Clostridium Ljungdahlii, Strain PETC written by Bill Baucum Elmore and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], September 22, 1991--December 21, 1991 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], September 22, 1991--December 21, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research is continuing in attempting to increase both the ethanol concentration and product ratio (acetate to ethanol) from the C. ljungdahlii fermentation. Both batch and continuous reactors are being used for this purpose. The purpose of this report is four-fold. First, the data presented in PETC Report No. 2-4-91 (June--September, 1991) are analyzed and interpreted using normalized specific growth and production rates. This technique eliminates experimental variation due to differences in inoculum history. Secondly, the effects of the sulfur gases H2S and COS on the performance of C. ljungdahlii are presented and discussed. Although these are preliminary results, they illustrate the tolerance of the bacterium to low levels of sulfur gases. Thirdly, the results of continuous stirred tank reactor studies are presented, where cell and product concentrations are shown as a function of agitation rate and gas flow rate. Finally, additional data are presented showing the performance of C. ljungdahlii in a CSTR with cell recycle.
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Technical Report], September 22, 1991--December 21, 1991 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Technical Report], September 22, 1991--December 21, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research is continuing in attempting to increase both the ethanol concentration and product ratio from the C. ljungdahlii fermentation. Both batch and continuous reactors are being used for this purpose. The purpose of this report is four-fold. First, the data presented in PETC Report No. 2-4-91 (June--September 1991) are analyzed and interpreted using normalized specific growth and production rates. This technique eliminates experimental variation due to the differences in inoculum history. Secondly, the effects of the sulfur gases H2S and COS on the performance of C. ljungdahlii are presented and discussed. Although these are preliminary results, they illustrate the tolerance of the bacterium to low levels of sulfur gases. Thirdly, the results of continuous stirred tank reactor studies are presented, where cell and product concentrations are shown as a function of agitation rate and gas flow rate. Finally, additional data are presented showing the performance of C. ljungdahlii in a CSTR with cell recycle.
Book Synopsis Bench-scale Demonstration of Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal Synthesis Gas. Topical Report 5, Process Analysis by :
Download or read book Bench-scale Demonstration of Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal Synthesis Gas. Topical Report 5, Process Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economics of converting coal to ethanol by a biological process is quite attractive. When processing 1500 tons of coal per day, the plant generates 85 million gallons of ethanol per year. The return on investment for the process is 110 percent and the payout is 0.9 years.
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], June 22, 1990--September 21, 1990 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], June 22, 1990--September 21, 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous results have shown that the yeast extract concentration and the medium pH significantly affect the ratio of ethanol to acetate in the product stream when fermenting CO, CO2 and H2 in synthesis gas to products by Clostridium ljungdahlii. Further experimentation has demonstrated the impact of eliminating yeast extract from the medium (except for the slight quantity transferred with the inoculm), especially when coupled with low pH. An ethanol to acetate product ratio of 4.0 was obtained at pH 4.5 without yeast extract present in the medium when using culture previously exposed to growth-limiting H2S. The product ratio was 2.0 at pH 4.0 (nearly three times the value of pH 4.5 and nine times the value of pH 5.0) without yeast extract present in the media when using the standard (unexposed) culture.
Author :University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Department of Chemical Engineering Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :106 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (297 download)
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal by : University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Department of Chemical Engineering
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal written by University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Department of Chemical Engineering and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. Task 5 Report, Economic Evaluation by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. Task 5 Report, Economic Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technical and economic feasibility of producing ethanol from syngas using Clostridium. ljungdahlii has been demonstrated. A plant processing 100 million SCF of syngas per day and generating 561 million pound of ethanol per year has a payout of 1.6 yr using a syngas price of $0.50/MSCF. If the raw syngas can be obtained for $0.50/MSCF, the payout time reduces to 0.84 yr.
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], March 22, 1990--June 21, 1990 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Report], March 22, 1990--June 21, 1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fermentation pH has been observed to be the key parameter affecting the ratio of ethanol to acetate produced by Clostridium ljungdahlii. The effects of controlled pH on cell growth and product formation by C. ljungdahlii were measured. It was found that cell concentration and acetate concentration increased with pH, while the ethanol concentration was highest at the lower pH. The molar product ratio of ethanol to acetate was 0.74 at pH 4.0, 0.39 at pH 4.5 and 0.12 at pH 5.0. Future experiments will concentrate on studying other important parameters such as agitation rate and nutrients concentrations with controlled pH as a preclude to continuous reactor studies.
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Fourth Quarterly Report], October 22, 1989--December 1989 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Fourth Quarterly Report], October 22, 1989--December 1989 written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two batch and one continuous reactor study involving Clostridium ljungdahlii were carried out. First, the effects of H2 partial pressure on growth, CO and H2 uptake and product formation by C. ljungdahlii were investigated in batch culture. Over the concentration range studied, it was observed that CO was preferentially utilized in favor of H2. It was also seen that increasing H2 partial pressures increased the ratio of ethanol to acetate. Finally, a two-stage CSTR system was successfully operated with C. ljungdahlii in which growth occurred in the first stage and ethanol production occurred in the second stage.
Book Synopsis Bench-scale Demonstration of Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal Synthesis Gas. Quarterly Report, January 1, 1993--March 31, 1993 by :
Download or read book Bench-scale Demonstration of Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal Synthesis Gas. Quarterly Report, January 1, 1993--March 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several batch experiments have been performed in developing the ethanol-producing isolates ER12 and ER18 for ethanol production from synthesis gas. In addition, Clostridium ljungdahlii, strain PETC, has been used in a two-stage continuous stirred tank reactor system. Ethanol concentrations from the CSTR system have reached 12 g/L.
Book Synopsis Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Technical Report], June 22, 1991--September 21, 1991 by :
Download or read book Biological Production of Ethanol from Coal. [Quarterly Technical Report], June 22, 1991--September 21, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of temperature on the growth and uptake of CO by C. ljundahlii were studied in batch culture. A maximum specific growth rate of 0.095h−1 was found at 37°C, a normal optimum temperature for the growth of anaerobic bacteria. A maximum specific uptake rate of 0.0095 mmol/mg·h was found at a slightly higher temperature of 40°C. CSTR studies were carried out measuring the effects of agitation rate on culture performance. As expected, growth was best at the higher agitation rates until nutrient limitation occurred.
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