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Biodegradation Of High Explosives On Granular Activated Carbongac Enhanced Desorption Of High Explosives From Gac Batch Studies
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Book Synopsis Biodegradation of High Explosives on Granular Activated Carbon[GAC]: Enhanced Desorption of High Explosives from GAC -- Batch Studies by :
Download or read book Biodegradation of High Explosives on Granular Activated Carbon[GAC]: Enhanced Desorption of High Explosives from GAC -- Batch Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adsorption to GAC is an effective method for removing high explosives (HE) compounds from water, but no permanent treatment is achieved. Bioregeneration, which treats adsorbed contaminants by desorption and biodegradation, is being developed as a method for reducing GAC usage rates and permanently degrading RDX and HMX. Because desorption is often the limiting mass transfer mechanism in bioregeneration systems, several methods for increasing the rate and extent of desorption of RDX and HMX are being studied. These include use of cosolvents (methanol and ethanol), surfactants (both anionic and nonionic), and[beta]- and[gamma]-cyclodextrins. Batch experiments to characterize the desorption of these HEs from GAC have been completed using Northwestern LB-830, the GAC being used at Pantex. Over a total of 11 days of desorption, about 3% of the adsorbed RDX was desorbed from the GAC using buffered water as the desorption fluid. In comparison, about 96% of the RDX was extracted from the GAC by acetonitrile over the same desorption period. Ethanol and methanol were both effective in desorbing RDX and HMX; higher alcohol concentrations were able to desorb more HE from the GAC. Surfactants varied widely in their abilities to enhance desorption of HEs. The most effective surfactant that was studied was sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which desorbed 56.4% of the adsorbed RDX at a concentration of 500 mg SDS/L. The cyclodextrins that were used were marginally more effective than water. Continuous-flow column tests are underway for further testing the most promising of these methods. These results will be compared to column experiments that have been completed under baseline conditions (using buffered water as the desorption fluid). Results of this research will support modeling and design of further desorption and bioregeneration experiments.
Book Synopsis Enhanced desorption by : Matthew Christopher Morley
Download or read book Enhanced desorption written by Matthew Christopher Morley and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regeneration of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Using Solvent-desorption of DBCP, EDB and TCP by : Anissa Walton-Green
Download or read book Regeneration of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Using Solvent-desorption of DBCP, EDB and TCP written by Anissa Walton-Green and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Performance Evaluation of Granular Activated Carbon System at Pantex by :
Download or read book Performance Evaluation of Granular Activated Carbon System at Pantex written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A granular activated carbon (GAC) system is now in operation at Pantex to treat groundwater from the perched aquifer that is contaminated with high explosives. The main chemicals of concern are RDX and HMX. The system consists of two GAC columns in series. Each column is charged with 10,000 pounds of Northwestern LB-830 GAC. At the design flow rate of 325 gpm, the hydraulic loading is 6.47 gpm/ft2, and the empty bed contact time is 8.2 minutes per column. Currently, the system is operating at less than 10% of its design flow rate, although flow rate increases are expected in the relatively near future. This study had several objectives: Estimate the service life of the GAC now in use at Pantex; Screen several GACs to provide a recommendation on the best GAC for use at Pantex when the current GAC is exhausted and is replaced; Determine the extent to which natural organic matter in the Pantex groundwater fouls GAC adsorption sites, thereby decreasing the adsorption capacity for high explosives; and Determine if computer simulation models could match the experimental results, thereby providing another tool to follow system performance.
Book Synopsis Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds and Explosives by : Jim C. Spain
Download or read book Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds and Explosives written by Jim C. Spain and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-06-14 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filled with practical applications and research, Biodegradation of Nitroaromatic Compounds and Explosives presents an international perspective on environmental contamination from explosives. It covers biodegradation strategies for DNT and a wide variety of other nitroaromatic compounds of environmental significance and makes the information access
Book Synopsis Biological Remediation of Explosive Residues by : Shree Nath Singh
Download or read book Biological Remediation of Explosive Residues written by Shree Nath Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-04 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial degradation, Phytoremediation, Remediation, Explosive residues, Biotransformation, Mineralization, Degradative Enzymes, Degradation Pathways, Energetics, Soil contamination, Water contamination.
Book Synopsis Biodegradation of Tert-butyl Alcohol (TBA) Using Biological Granular Activated Carbon (bio-GAC) by : Kayleigh A. Dunnett
Download or read book Biodegradation of Tert-butyl Alcohol (TBA) Using Biological Granular Activated Carbon (bio-GAC) written by Kayleigh A. Dunnett and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT Tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), a metabolite of the gasoline additive methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), is a common groundwater contaminant encountered at petroleum remediation sites. This work explored the capability of YZ2, a novel pure culture, to completely degrade TBA aerobically in both batch studies and in continuous-flow columns containing biologically activated granular carbon (bio-GAC), simulating an ex-situ remedial system. YZ2 mineralized TBA from 0.5mM to 50mM, which is significantly higher than previously reported cultures. The level at which TBA limited the cellular activity was 40mM; however, mineralization still proceeded up to 50mM. Mineralization experiments showed almost 80% recovery of uniformly radiolabeled TBA as carbon dioxide. YZ2 growth and corresponding TBA oxidation rates within saturated activated carbon were compared with rates quantified in pure aqueous media; results demonstrate that GAC decreases oxidation kinetics for TBA. Batch studies quantified the kinetics of abiotic TBA sorption to activated carbon versus biological TBA oxidation using bio-GAC to compare the rates and efficiencies of physical removal processes to biological strategies. Data demonstrate that adsorption may be more efficient at high TBA concentration. In addition, pH levels increased to as high as 10.2 once activated carbon was added to solutions containing TBA, which inhibited microbial growth. The continuous-flow bio-GAC columns mimicked a field bio-GAC unit and focused on different potential inoculation strategies and the long-term capabilities of YZ2 to degrade TBA as a continuous culture. Current data indicate lower effluent TBA concentrations within the bio-GAC column for 70 days, compared to a sterile GAC control column. However, the overall stoichiometry of the mineralization pathway indicates that dissolved oxygen concentrations in influent water may limit TBA degradation in the bio-GAC column, preventing complete degradation. We are using these data to develop a strategy for biological regeneration of GAC, which may be the most effective use of inoculated, TBA degrading cultures.
Book Synopsis Granular activated carbon adsorption of high explosives at Pantex by : Jennifer Lee Henke
Download or read book Granular activated carbon adsorption of high explosives at Pantex written by Jennifer Lee Henke and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ex Situ Biodegradation of Explosives Using Photosynthetic Bacteria and Biological Granular Activated Carbon Systems by :
Download or read book Ex Situ Biodegradation of Explosives Using Photosynthetic Bacteria and Biological Granular Activated Carbon Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Availability of Sorbed Substrate for Microbial Degradation on Granular Activated Carbon by : Alan Yu-Liang Li
Download or read book The Availability of Sorbed Substrate for Microbial Degradation on Granular Activated Carbon written by Alan Yu-Liang Li and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The regeneration of granular activated carbon using hydrothermal technology by : Michael David Sufnarski
Download or read book The regeneration of granular activated carbon using hydrothermal technology written by Michael David Sufnarski and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis In-situ Regeneration of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Using Fenton's Regents by : Robert G. Arnold
Download or read book In-situ Regeneration of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Using Fenton's Regents written by Robert G. Arnold and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fenton-dependent recovery o fcarbon initially saturated with one of several chlorinated aliphatic contaminants was studied in batch and continuous-flow reactors. A specialty carbon, URV-MOD 1 (Calgon) was employed to minimize non-productive H2O2 demand - that which does not yield hydroxyl or superoxide radicals. Because the reductive reaction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) limits the overall rate of radical generation via Fenton's mechanism, it was hypothesized that steps designed to increase the rate of ferrous iron generation would accelerate Fenton-dependent contaminant destruction, enhancing carbon recovery kinetics. Homogeneous-phase experiments were designed to establish the effects on PCE destruction kinetics of total iron concentration and additions of NH2OH, various quinones or copper to the Fenton mixtures.
Book Synopsis In-Situ Regeneration of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Using Fenton's Reagents by : Carla De Las Casas
Download or read book In-Situ Regeneration of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Using Fenton's Reagents written by Carla De Las Casas and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fenton-dependent recovery of carbon initially saturated with one of several chlorinated aliphatic contaminants was studied in batch and continuous-flow reactors. A specialty carbon, URV-MOD 1 (Calgon) was employed to minimize non-productive H2O2 demand - that which does not yield hydroxyl or superoxide radicals. Enhancement of PCE degradation kinetics by ferric iron addition is limited by iron solubility, even at relatively low pH. Quinone addition increased the pseudo-first-order rate constant for PCE loss temporarily. Only copper addition sustainably enhanced the specific rate of PCE loss. For copper-to-iron molar ratios of 0.25 to 5, the pseudo-first-order rate constant for PCE transformation was increased by a factor of 3.5. It is apparent that the effect of copper addition on Fenton-dependent reaction rates is complex, and involves a shift in chemical mechanism, as indicated by the differing slopes in the Arrhenius plot (with and without copper).A mathematical model was developed to evaluate the effect of operational parameters ([Fe(III)]T:[H2O2]o ratio and pH) on degradation kinetics and optimize the PCE degradation process in homogeneous reaction mixtures. The model simulated experimental degradation of the organic target in a homogeneous Fenton-reaction system. The model requires further refinement to simulate Fenton's systems in which ions in solution (such as sulfate and chloride) play significant roles. In continuous-flow reactors, Fenton's reagents were cycled through spent GAC in columns to degrade one of seven chlorinated compounds tested. The contaminant with the weakest adsorption characteristics, methylene chloride, was 99% lost from the carbon surface during a 14-hour regeneration period. At the field site, the GAC was saturated with gases containing TCE and PCE from a soil vapor extraction (SVE) system. In the field, up to 95% of the sorbed TCE was removed from GAC during regeneration periods of 50-60 hours. Recovery of PCE-loaded GAC was significantly slower. Column experiments show that there is minimal loss of carbon adsorption capacity during Fenton treatment and that the rate of GAC regeneration is compound specific. Scoping-level cost estimates indicated that field use of Fenton regeneration is not cost effective without optimization and/or iron surface amendments, except in the case of the most soluble VOCs.
Book Synopsis Understanding the Biodegradation of Tert-butyl Alcohol by Cultures Enriched from Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) by : Yang Zhang
Download or read book Understanding the Biodegradation of Tert-butyl Alcohol by Cultures Enriched from Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) written by Yang Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) System Performance Capabilities and Optimization by :
Download or read book Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) System Performance Capabilities and Optimization written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Biofilter in Water and Wastewater Treatment by : Thi To Loan Hoang
Download or read book Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Biofilter in Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Thi To Loan Hoang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Aerobic Biodegradation of Tert-butyl Alcohol (TBA) by a Culture Derived from Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) by : Kimberly Michelle Reinauer
Download or read book Aerobic Biodegradation of Tert-butyl Alcohol (TBA) by a Culture Derived from Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) written by Kimberly Michelle Reinauer and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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