Bioavailability 2001

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Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309082587
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Caffeine for the Sustainment of Mental Task Performance written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-01-07 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report from the Committee on Military Nutrition Research reviews the history of caffeine usage, the metabolism of caffeine, and its physiological effects. The effects of caffeine on physical performance, cognitive function and alertness, and alleviation of sleep deprivation impairments are discussed in light of recent scientific literature. The impact of caffeine consumption on various aspects of health, including cardiovascular disease, reproduction, bone mineral density, and fluid homeostasis are reviewed. The behavioral effects of caffeine are also discussed, including the effect of caffeine on reaction to stress, withdrawal effects, and detrimental effects of high intakes. The amounts of caffeine found to enhance vigilance and reaction time consistently are reviewed and recommendations are made with respect to amounts of caffeine appropriate for maintaining alertness of military personnel during field operations. Recommendations are also provided on the need for appropriate labeling of caffeine-containing supplements, and education of military personnel on the use of these supplements. A brief review of some alternatives to caffeine is also provided.

Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc

Download Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc PDF Online Free

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309072905
Total Pages : 798 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-07-19 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series issued by the National Academy of Sciences on dietary reference intakes (DRIs). This series provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. In addition, a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), has also been established to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient. Based on the Institute of Medicine's review of the scientific literature regarding dietary micronutrients, recommendations have been formulated regarding vitamins A and K, iron, iodine, chromium, copper, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, and other potentially beneficial trace elements such as boron to determine the roles, if any, they play in health. The book also: Reviews selected components of food that may influence the bioavailability of these compounds. Develops estimates of dietary intake of these compounds that are compatible with good nutrition throughout the life span and that may decrease risk of chronic disease where data indicate they play a role. Determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups. Identifies research needed to improve knowledge of the role of these micronutrients in human health. This book will be important to professionals in nutrition research and education.

Bioavailability 2001

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioavailability 2001 by :

Download or read book Bioavailability 2001 written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments

Author : Domy C. Adriano
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387215107
Total Pages : 888 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments by : Domy C. Adriano

Download or read book Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments written by Domy C. Adriano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference handbook on the important aspects of trace elements in the land environment. Each chapter addresses a particular element and gives a general introduction to their role in the environment, where they come from, and their biogeochemical cycles. In addition to a complete updating of each of the element chapters, this new edition has new chapters devoted to aluminum and iron, soil contamination, remediation and trace elements in aquatic ecosystems. In short, an essential resource for environmental scientists and chemists, regulators and policy makers.

Intentional Human Dosing Studies for EPA Regulatory Purposes

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309166411
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Intentional Human Dosing Studies for EPA Regulatory Purposes by : National Research Council

Download or read book Intentional Human Dosing Studies for EPA Regulatory Purposes written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-06-04 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The EPA commissioned The National Academies to provide advice on the vexing question of whether and, if so, under what circumstances EPA should accept and consider intentional human dosing studies conducted by companies or other sources outside the agency (so-called third parties) to gather evidence relating to the risks of a chemical or the conditions under which exposure to it could be judged safe. This report recommends that such studies be conducted and used for regulatory purposes only if all of several strict conditions are met, including the following: The study is necessary and scientifically valid, meaning that it addresses an important regulatory question that can't be answered with animal studies or nondosing human studies; The societal benefits of the study outweigh any anticipated risks to participants. At no time, even when benefits beyond improved regulation exist, can a human dosing study be justified that is anticipated to cause lasting harm to study participants; and All recognized ethical standards and procedures for protecting the interests of study participants are observed. In addition, EPA should establish a Human Studies Review Board (HSRB) to evaluate all human dosing studiesâ€"both at the beginning and upon completion of the experimentsâ€"if they are carried out with the intent of affecting the agency's policy-making.

Bioavailability 2001: Bioavailability of Micronutrients in Relation to Human Health

Author : Renato Amadò
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (495 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioavailability 2001: Bioavailability of Micronutrients in Relation to Human Health by : Renato Amadò

Download or read book Bioavailability 2001: Bioavailability of Micronutrients in Relation to Human Health written by Renato Amadò and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309086256
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments by : National Research Council

Download or read book Bioavailability of Contaminants in Soils and Sediments written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-03 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioavailability refers to the extent to which humans and ecological receptors are exposed to contaminants in soil or sediment. The concept of bioavailability has recently piqued the interest of the hazardous waste industry as an important consideration in deciding how much waste to clean up. The rationale is that if contaminants in soil and sediment are not bioavailable, then more contaminant mass can be left in place without creating additional risk. A new NRC report notes that the potential for the consideration of bioavailability to influence decision-making is greatest where certain chemical, environmental, and regulatory factors align. The current use of bioavailability in risk assessment and hazardous waste cleanup regulations is demystified, and acceptable tools and models for bioavailability assessment are discussed and ranked according to seven criteria. Finally, the intimate link between bioavailability and bioremediation is explored. The report concludes with suggestions for moving bioavailability forward in the regulatory arena for both soil and sediment cleanup.

Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309069491
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-27 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the newest release in the authoritative series of quantitative estimates of nutrient intakes to be used for planning and assessing diets for healthy people. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) is the newest framework for an expanded approach developed by U.S. and Canadian scientists. This book discusses in detail the role of vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and the carotenoids in human physiology and health. For each nutrient the committee presents what is known about how it functions in the human body, which factors may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease. Dietary Reference Intakes provides reference intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for different groups based on age and gender, along with a new reference intake, the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), designed to assist an individual in knowing how much is "too much" of a nutrient.

Bioavailability, Bioaccessibility and Mobility of Environmental Contaminants

Author : John R. Dean
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470025778
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioavailability, Bioaccessibility and Mobility of Environmental Contaminants by : John R. Dean

Download or read book Bioavailability, Bioaccessibility and Mobility of Environmental Contaminants written by John R. Dean and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-04-30 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers all aspects of bioavailability, as related to environmental contaminants. After a discussion of the definition of bioavailability and its context, focus is placed on the role of risk assessment and bioavailability. Methods of analysis are then discussed including a range of atomic spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques for metal analysis and chromatographic approaches for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The occurrence, properties and eco-toxicity of POPs and metals in the soil/sediment environment are discussed. Particular emphasis is placed on the uptake of POPs and metals by plants (phytoextraction). Examples of POPs and metals in the environment are reviewed. Methods to assess the bioavailability of POPs and metals in the environment are discussed. The particular approaches considered are: non-exhaustive extraction techniques single extraction techniques sequential extraction techniques use of cyclodextrin and surfactants in-vitro gastrointestinal methods including physiological-based extraction test the use of bioasssays including earthworms. Finally, selected case studies highlight the importance of determining the bioavailability of POPs and metals.

Drug Bioavailability

Author : Han van de Waterbeemd
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527605150
Total Pages : 602 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Drug Bioavailability by : Han van de Waterbeemd

Download or read book Drug Bioavailability written by Han van de Waterbeemd and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The peroral application (swallowing) of a medicine means that the body must first resorb the active substance before it can begin to take effect. The efficacy of drug uptake depends on the one hand on the chemical characteristics of the active substance, above all on its solubility and membrane permeability. On the other hand, it is determined by the organism's ability to absorb pharmaceuticals by way of specific transport proteins or to excrete them. Since many pharmacologically active substances are poorly suited for oral intake, a decisive criterion for the efficacy of a medicine is its so-called bioavailability. Written by an international team from academia and the pharmaceutical industry, this book covers all aspects of the oral bioavailability of medicines. The focus is placed on methods for determining the parameters relevant to bioavailability. These range from modern physicochemical techniques via biological studies in vitro and in vivo right up to computer-aided predictions. The authors specifically address possibilities for optimizing bioavailability during the early screening stage for the active substance. Its clear structure and comprehensive coverage make this book equally suitable for researchers and lecturers in industry and teaching.

Calcium in Human Health

Author : Connie M. Weaver
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1592599613
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Calcium in Human Health by : Connie M. Weaver

Download or read book Calcium in Human Health written by Connie M. Weaver and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-10 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nutrition and Health Series of books have had great success because each volume has the consistent overriding mission of providing health professionals with texts that are essential because each includes (1) a synthesis of the state of the science; (2) timely, in-depth reviews by the leading researchers in their respective fields; (3) extensive, - to-date fully annotated reference lists; (4) a detailed index; (5) relevant tables and figures; (6) identification of paradigm shifts and the consequences; (7) virtually no overlap of information between chapters, but targeted, interchapter referrals; (8) suggestions of areas for future research; and (9) balanced, data-driven answers to patient/health prof- sionals’ questions that are based on the totality of evidence rather than the findings of any single study. The series volumes are not the outcome of a symposium. Rather, each editor has the potential to examine a chosen area with a broad perspective, both in subject matter as well as in the choice of chapter authors. The international perspective, especially with regard to public health initiatives, is emphasized where appropriate. The editors, whose trainings are both research- and practice-oriented, have the opportunity to develop a primary objective for their book; define the scope and focus, and then invite the leading authorities from around the world to be part of their initiative. The authors are encouraged to provide an overview of the field, discuss their own research, and relate the research findings to potential human health consequences.

Committee on Military Nutrition Research

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309172764
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Committee on Military Nutrition Research by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Committee on Military Nutrition Research written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-08-04 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The activities of the Food and Nutrition Board's Committee on Military Nutrition Research (CMNR, the committee) have been supported since 1994 by grant DAMD17-94-J-4046 from the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (USAMRMC). This report fulfills the final reporting requirement of the grant, and presents a summary of activities for the grant period from December 1, 1994 through May 31, 1999. During this grant period, the CMNR has met from three to six times each year in response to issues that are brought to the committee through the Military Nutrition and Biochemistry Division of the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine at Natick, Massachusetts, and the Military Operational Medicine Program of USAMRMC at Fort Detrick, Maryland. The CMNR has submitted five workshop reports (plus two preliminary reports), including one that is a joint project with the Subcommittee on Body Composition, Nutrition, and Health of Military Women; three letter reports, and one brief report, all with recommendations, to the Commander, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, since September 1995 and has a brief report currently in preparation. These reports are summarized in the following activity report with synopses of additional topics for which reports were deferred pending completion of military research in progress. This activity report includes as appendixes the conclusions and recommendations from the nine reports and has been prepared in a fashion to allow rapid access to committee recommendations on the topics covered over the time period.

Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Methods in Clinical Pharmacology

Author : H.Gerhard Vogel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540898905
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Methods in Clinical Pharmacology by : H.Gerhard Vogel

Download or read book Drug Discovery and Evaluation: Methods in Clinical Pharmacology written by H.Gerhard Vogel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-15 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug Discovery and Evaluation has become a more and more difficult, expensive and time-consuming process. The effect of a new compound has to be detected by in vitro and in vivo methods of pharmacology. The activity spectrum and the potency compared to existing drugs have to be determined. As these processes can be divided up stepwise we have designed a book series "Drug Discovery and Evaluation" in the form of a recommendation document. The methods to detect drug targets are described in the first volume of this series "Pharmacological Assays" comprising classical methods as well as new technologies. Before going to man, the most suitable compound has to be selected by pharmacokinetic studies and experiments in toxicology. These preclinical methods are described in the second volume „Safety and Pharmacokinetic Assays". Only then are first studies in human beings allowed. Special rules are established for Phase I studies. Clinical pharmacokinetics are performed in parallel with human studies on tolerability and therapeutic effects. Special studies according to various populations and different therapeutic indications are necessary. These items are covered in the third volume: „Methods in Clinical Pharmacology".

Bioavailability 2001

Author : R. Naidu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioavailability 2001 by : R. Naidu

Download or read book Bioavailability 2001 written by R. Naidu and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Design and Analysis of Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies

Author : Shein-Chung Chow
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420011677
Total Pages : 758 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Design and Analysis of Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies by : Shein-Chung Chow

Download or read book Design and Analysis of Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies written by Shein-Chung Chow and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-10-15 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preeminent Experts Update a Well-Respected BookTaking into account the regulatory and scientific developments that have occurred since the second edition, Design and Analysis of Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies, Third Edition provides a complete presentation of the latest progress of activities and results in bioavailability and bioequiva

Pharmaceutical Medicine

Author : Adrian Kilcoyne
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191510394
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis Pharmaceutical Medicine by : Adrian Kilcoyne

Download or read book Pharmaceutical Medicine written by Adrian Kilcoyne and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-05-23 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The breadth of the pharmaceutical medicine can be daunting, but this book is designed to navigate a path through the speciality. Providing a broad overview of all topics relevant to the discipline of pharmaceutical medicine, it gives you the facts fast, in a user-friendly format, without having to dive through page upon page of dense text. With 136 chapters spread across 8 sections, the text offers a thorough grounding in issues ranging from medicines regulation to clinical trial design and data management. This makes it a useful revision aid for exams as well as giving you a taster of areas of pharmaceutical medicine adjacent to your current role. For healthcare professionals already working in the field, this book offers a guiding hand in difficult situations as well as supplying rapid access to the latest recommendations and guidelines. Written by authors with experience in the industry and drug regulation, this comprehensive and authoritative guide provides a shoulder to lean on throughout your pharmaceutical career.

Trace Elements in the Terrestrial Environment

Author : Domy C. Adriano
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475719078
Total Pages : 550 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Trace Elements in the Terrestrial Environment by : Domy C. Adriano

Download or read book Trace Elements in the Terrestrial Environment written by Domy C. Adriano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I intend to fill, with this book, a need that has long been felt by students and professionals in many areas of agricultural, biological, natural, and environmental sciences-the need for a comprehensive reference book on many important aspects of trace elements in the "land" environment. This book is different from other books on trace elements (also commonly referred to as heavy metals) in that each chapter focuses on a particular element, which in tum is discussed in terms of its importance in our economy, its natural occurrence, its fate and behavior in the soil-plant system, its requirement by and detriment to plants, its health limits in drinking water and food, and its origin in the environment. Because of long distance transport to pristine areas of cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc in relatively large quantities, these elements have an extra section on natural ecosystems. A blend of pictorial and tabular data are provided to enhance understanding of the relevant information being conveyed. Since individual chapters are independent of one another, they are arranged alphabetically. However, readers with weak backgrounds in soil science are advised to start with the chapter on zinc, since soil terminology is discussed in more detail here. Sections on sorption, forms and speciation, complexation, and transformations become more technical as soil physical-(bio )chemical phenomena are discussed. The less important "environmental" trace elements are discussed together in the "Other Trace Elements" chapter.