Between Myth & Mandate

Download Between Myth & Mandate PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : AuthorHouse
ISBN 13 : 1491823089
Total Pages : 765 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (918 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Between Myth & Mandate by : Michael Nathanson

Download or read book Between Myth & Mandate written by Michael Nathanson and published by AuthorHouse. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the preface: The intent of this work is to inquire whether 1. the events recounted in the Bibles narratives (collectively herein referred to as master narrative) are based in any Ancient Near Eastern historical reality. 2. the authors of the Bibles master narrative and its readers, including the founders and citizens of the state of Israel, can claim that reality as their own 3. the Bibles pseudohistorical master narrative disguises the geopolitical agenda of its authors in an apocalyptic/eschatological and theological cloak. From the Interval Synthesis: The importance of the Bibles narratives lies in the clues they hold regarding who their authors were and when they wrote them. The answer to why they took upon themselves to write these narratives require postbiblical contextualization that will bestow on them the meaning they deserve. What follows in the remaining chapters provides this context. From the Concluding Synthesis: Absent corroborative evidence, not in the least competing contemporaneous, or earlier secular prose narratives, the origins, ethnicity and culture of the Israelites, and their actions prior to the establishment of the Omride monarchy, as depicted in the master narrative, is fictive. The time before present of the Jews in Syro-Palestine cannot be traced as far back as the glorious and heroic Davidic and Solomonic monarchic period of the Bible. Rather, the historically verifiable, albeit less glamorous, late-Persian/Greco-Roman (postbiblical) period is the terminus a quo of Jewish history.

Mandate Politics

Download Mandate Politics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139459112
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mandate Politics by : Lawrence J. Grossback

Download or read book Mandate Politics written by Lawrence J. Grossback and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-08-28 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether or not voters consciously use their votes to send messages about their preferences for public policy, the Washington community sometimes comes to believe that it has heard such a message. In this 2006 book the authors ask 'What then happens?' They focus on these perceived mandates - where they come from and how they alter the behaviors of members of Congress, the media, and voters. These events are rare. Only three elections in post-war America (1964, 1980 and 1994) were declared mandates by the media consensus. These declarations, however, had a profound if ephemeral impact on members of Congress. They altered the fundamental gridlock that prevents Congress from adopting major policy changes. The responses by members of Congress to these three elections are responsible for many of the defining policies of this era. Despite their infrequency, then, mandates are important to the face of public policy.

The Math Myth

Download The Math Myth PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : New Press, The
ISBN 13 : 1620970694
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (29 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Math Myth by : Andrew Hacker

Download or read book The Math Myth written by Andrew Hacker and published by New Press, The. This book was released on 2010-05-25 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New York Times–bestselling author looks at mathematics education in America—when it’s worthwhile, and when it’s not. Why do we inflict a full menu of mathematics—algebra, geometry, trigonometry, even calculus—on all young Americans, regardless of their interests or aptitudes? While Andrew Hacker has been a professor of mathematics himself, and extols the glories of the subject, he also questions some widely held assumptions in this thought-provoking and practical-minded book. Does advanced math really broaden our minds? Is mastery of azimuths and asymptotes needed for success in most jobs? Should the entire Common Core syllabus be required of every student? Hacker worries that our nation’s current frenzied emphasis on STEM is diverting attention from other pursuits and even subverting the spirit of the country. Here, he shows how mandating math for everyone prevents other talents from being developed and acts as an irrational barrier to graduation and careers. He proposes alternatives, including teaching facility with figures, quantitative reasoning, and understanding statistics. Expanding upon the author’s viral New York Times op-ed, The Math Myth is sure to spark a heated and needed national conversation—not just about mathematics but about the kind of people and society we want to be. “Hacker’s accessible arguments offer plenty to think about and should serve as a clarion call to students, parents, and educators who decry the one-size-fits-all approach to schooling.” —Publishers Weekly, starred review

The Ritual and Mythology of the Chinese Triads

Download The Ritual and Mythology of the Chinese Triads PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004489665
Total Pages : 533 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Ritual and Mythology of the Chinese Triads by : Barend ter Haar

Download or read book The Ritual and Mythology of the Chinese Triads written by Barend ter Haar and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-11-15 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extensive ritual and mythological lore of the Chinese Triads form the scope of this new paperback in Brill’s Scholar’s List. In it the reader will find a critical evaluation of the extant sources together with a true wealth of context. The core of the book is formed by a close reading of the initiation ritual, including the burning of incense, the altar, the enactment of a journey of life and death, and the blood covenant. Different narrative structures are also presented. These include the messianic demonological paradigm, political legitimation, and the foundation of myth. Triad lore is placed in its own religious and cultural context, allowing radically new conclusions about its origins, meanings and functions. This book is of special interest to social historians, anthropologists, and students of Chinese religious culture.

China Into Its Second Rise: Myths, Puzzles, Paradoxes, And Challenge To Theory

Download China Into Its Second Rise: Myths, Puzzles, Paradoxes, And Challenge To Theory PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814462829
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis China Into Its Second Rise: Myths, Puzzles, Paradoxes, And Challenge To Theory by : James Chieh Hsiung

Download or read book China Into Its Second Rise: Myths, Puzzles, Paradoxes, And Challenge To Theory written by James Chieh Hsiung and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012-03-20 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to demystify the re-ascendancy of China as a civilization state. China's politics and society are examined in the light of its living civilization, which is the only one of the ancient civilizations that has survived to this day. The book also contrasts China's development with that of the West and Japan. By combining the impact of internal political and socio-economic developments in China and its external relations (from the silk routes, the tribute system, to the modern day), it unravels the existing myths, puzzles, and paradoxes surrounding China and questions the adequacy of most of the Western political theories (such as realism in international relations) in an attempt to explicate China's re-emergence as a world power. It attempts to tackle squarely the question: Is China a threat to world order?The book traces the rationale for contemporary developments in China to the roots in the country's tradition as well as foreign influences and seeks to unravel the puzzle about the unique China Model that defies conventional thinking in political economy, with its sustained and incredibly rapid economic growth over the past three decades. This study on China's second rise provides a broad background that includes a meaningful scrutiny of the country's behavior during its first rise (713-1820) and beyond. In comparing China's ongoing second rise with its first ascent, the book not only refocuses on and reinterprets the example set during its first rise, but also takes into account the crucial lessons it learned during its century in eclipse in the interregnum, for the effects they have on the country's current orientation and behavior. The book follows an interdisciplinary approach, combining the cultural, intellectual-historical, normative-ideological, and social-scientific perspectives, to lend a more solid grasp of the present-day China. It ends with an educated speculation, based on the foregoing analyses, on the contours of a Pax Sinica that is likely to result from the impact of China's second rise as a world power.

Supreme Myths

Download Supreme Myths PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (161 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Supreme Myths by : Eric J. Segall

Download or read book Supreme Myths written by Eric J. Segall and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2012-02-22 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores some of the most glaring misunderstandings about the U.S. Supreme Court—and makes a strong case for why our Supreme Court Justices should not be entrusted with decisions that affect every American citizen. Supreme Myths: Why the Supreme Court is Not a Court and its Justices are Not Judges presents a detailed discussion of the Court's most important and controversial constitutional cases that demonstrates why it doesn't justify being labeled "a court of law." Eric Segall, professor of law at Georgia State University College of Law for two decades, explains why this third branch of the national government is an institution that makes important judgments about fundamental questions based on the Justices' ideological preferences, not the law. A complete understanding of the true nature of the Court's decision-making process is necessary, he argues, before an intelligent debate over who should serve on the Court—and how they should resolve cases—can be held. Addressing front-page areas of constitutional law such as health care, abortion, affirmative action, gun control, and freedom of religion, this book offers a frank description of how the Supreme Court truly operates, a critique of life tenure of its Justices, and a set of proposals aimed at making the Court function more transparently to further the goals of our representative democracy.

Case Studies in Couple and Family Therapy

Download Case Studies in Couple and Family Therapy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Guilford Press
ISBN 13 : 9781572306967
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (69 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Case Studies in Couple and Family Therapy by : Frank M. Dattilio

Download or read book Case Studies in Couple and Family Therapy written by Frank M. Dattilio and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2001-04-23 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together some of the most creative and influential voices in the field, this book draws compelling connections between theory and practice, demonstrates the transformative potential of couple and family intervention, and helps readers maximize the effectiveness of their work in a range of settings. It is a vital resource for therapists of all orientations and also serves as a text in advanced undergraduate or graduate-level courses.

Politicians and Party Politics

Download Politicians and Party Politics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801858468
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (584 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Politicians and Party Politics by : John Gray Geer

Download or read book Politicians and Party Politics written by John Gray Geer and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on politicians as individuals rather than their political parties, thirteen essays from a distinguished group of contributors examine how politicians as party members motivate voters, how they conduct campaigns, and how they behave in government. 36 illustrations.

School Choice Myths

Download School Choice Myths PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cato Institute
ISBN 13 : 1948647923
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (486 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis School Choice Myths by : Corey A. DeAngelis

Download or read book School Choice Myths written by Corey A. DeAngelis and published by Cato Institute. This book was released on 2020-10-07 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are there legitimate arguments to prevent families from choosing the education that works best for their children? Opponents of school choice have certainly offered many objections, but for decades they have mainly repeated myths either because they did not know any better or perhaps to protect the government schooling monopoly. In these pages, 14 of the top scholars in education policy debunk a dozen of the most pernicious myths, including “school choice siphons money from public schools,” “choice harms children left behind in public schools,” “school choice has racist origins,” and “choice only helps the rich get richer.” As the contributors demonstrate, even arguments against school choice that seem to make powerful intuitive sense fall apart under scrutiny. There are, frankly, no compelling arguments against funding students directly instead of public school systems. School Choice Myths shatters the mythology standing in the way of education freedom.

A Mythological Approach to Exploring the Origins of Chinese Civilization

Download A Mythological Approach to Exploring the Origins of Chinese Civilization PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811930961
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Mythological Approach to Exploring the Origins of Chinese Civilization by : Shuxian Ye

Download or read book A Mythological Approach to Exploring the Origins of Chinese Civilization written by Shuxian Ye and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-26 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is the lion the symbol of China? Or should it be the dragon or the phoenix? This book makes a provocative interpretation of the Chinese ancient totems such as the bear and the owl. Taking a mythological approach, it explores the origin of Chinese civilization using the quadruple evidence method, which integrates ancient and unearthed literature, oral transmission, and archeological objects and graphs. It testifies to the authenticity of unresolved ancient myths and legends from the origins of Chinese Jade Ware (6200BC-5400 BC) to the names of the Yellow Emperor (2698–2598 BC) and the legends from the Xia (2010BC-1600BC), Shang (1600BC-046BC), Zhou (1046BC-771BC), and Qin (221BC-206BC) Dynasties. The book lays the foundation for a reconstruction of Chinese Mythistory. With well over 200 photographs of historic artifacts, the book appeals to both researchers and general readers.

Education Myths

Download Education Myths PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9780742549784
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (497 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Education Myths by : Jay P. Greene

Download or read book Education Myths written by Jay P. Greene and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Education Myths, Jay Greene takes on the conventional wisdom and closely examines eighteen myths advanced by the special interest groups dominating public education. In addition to the money myth, the class size myth, and the teacher pay myth, Greene debunks the special education myth (special ed programs burden public schools), the certification myth (certified or more experienced teachers are more effective in the classroom), the graduation myth (nearly all students graduate from high school), the draining myth (choice harms public schools), the segregation myth (private schools are more racially segregated), and several more.

Divination, Mythology and Monarchy in Han China

Download Divination, Mythology and Monarchy in Han China PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521454667
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (546 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Divination, Mythology and Monarchy in Han China by : Michael Loewe

Download or read book Divination, Mythology and Monarchy in Han China written by Michael Loewe and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-09-15 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chinese empires were established by force of arms, but sustained by religious rites and intellectual theory. The four centuries from 206 BC to AD 220 witnessed major changes in the state cults and the concepts of monarchy, while various techniques of divination were used to forecast the future or to solve immediate problems. Michael Loewe examines these changes and the links between religion and statecraft. While both mythology and the traditions nurtured by the learned affected the concept and practice of monarchy throughout the period, the political and social weaknesses of the last century of Han rule bring into question the success that was achieved by the imperial ideal. Nevertheless, that ideal and its institutions were of prime importance for the understanding of Han times and for the influence they exercised on China's later dynasties.

Mandate Madness

Download Mandate Madness PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351507133
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mandate Madness by : James T. Bennett

Download or read book Mandate Madness written by James T. Bennett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What do drivers' licenses that function as national ID cards, nationwide standardized tests for third graders, the late unlamented 55 mile per hour speed limit, the outlawing of the eighteen-year-old beer drinker, and the disappearing mechanical lever voting machine have in common? Each is the product of an unfunded federal mandate: a concept that politicians of both parties profess to oppose in theory but which in practice they often find irresistible as a means of forcing state and local governments to do their bidding, while paying for the privilege.Mandate Madness explores the history, debate, and political gamesmanship surrounding unfunded federal mandates, concentrating on several of the most controversial and colorful of these laws. The cases hold lessons for those who would challenge current or future unfunded federal mandates. James T. Bennett also examines legislative efforts to rein in or repeal unfunded federal mandates. Finally, he reviews the treatment of unfunded mandates by the federal courts. Those who find wisdom in America's traditional federalist political arrangement maintain perhaps with more wishfulness than realism that the unfunded federal mandate has not yet joined death and taxes as an immovable part of the modern political landscape.

Ritual and Mythology of the Chinese Triads

Download Ritual and Mythology of the Chinese Triads PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004483047
Total Pages : 533 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Ritual and Mythology of the Chinese Triads by : Barend ter Haar

Download or read book Ritual and Mythology of the Chinese Triads written by Barend ter Haar and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-08-30 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extensive ritual and mythological lore of the Chinese Triads form the scope of this new paperback title in Brill’s Scholars’ List. The author critically evaluates the extant sources and offers a wealth of contextual information. The core of the book is formed by a close reading of the initiation ritual, including the burning of incense, the altar, the enactment of a journey of life and death, and the blood covenant. Different narrative structures are also presented. These include the messianic demonological paradigm, political legitimation, and the foundation of myth. Triad lore is placed in its own religious and cultural context, allowing radically new conclusions about its origins, meanings and functions. This book is of special interest to social historians, anthropologists, and students of Chinese religious culture.

Sumerian Mythology

Download Sumerian Mythology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : A.J. Kingston
ISBN 13 : 183938431X
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (393 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sumerian Mythology by : A.J. Kingston

Download or read book Sumerian Mythology written by A.J. Kingston and published by A.J. Kingston. This book was released on 101-01-01 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 📚 Discover the Enigmatic World of Sumerian Mythology: Unveil the Secrets of the Anunnaki Gods 🌌 Embark on an extraordinary journey through time and space with our captivating book bundle: "Sumerian Mythology: Ancient Anunnaki Gods From Nibiru To Earth." Delve deep into the mystique of ancient civilizations, cosmic connections, and the celestial beings who shaped the course of humanity. 🌟 What's Included in the Bundle? 🌟 📖 Book 1 - The Celestial Enigma: Anunnaki's Journey From Nibiru To Sumerian Civilization Step into the cosmic realm of Nibiru and trace the captivating journey of the Anunnaki to the cradle of Sumerian civilization. Uncover the mysteries that shroud their arrival on Earth and their profound influence on the rise of an advanced society. 📖 Book 2 - Echoes Of Eridu: Unraveling The Anunnaki Influence In Early Human History Explore the echoes of the Anunnaki's presence in the dawn of human existence. Journey to the ancient city of Eridu and witness their lasting impact on human evolution, from the birth of agriculture to the enchanting tapestry of myths that continue to resonate. 📖 Book 3 - Gateways Of Nibiru: Sumerian Mythology And The Cosmic Connections Of The Anunnaki Open the gates to the cosmic connections between Nibiru and Earth. Decode the intricate tapestry of Sumerian beliefs, as we unravel the messages and insights the Anunnaki imparted to humanity. Through symbolism and cosmic interplay, witness the profound link between the divine and the mortal. 📖 Book 4 - Sumer's Cosmic Rulers: Exploring Anunnaki Deities And Their Impact Across Millennia Embark on a sweeping exploration across ages, unveiling the enduring legacy of Anunnaki deities in human civilizations. From ancient pantheons to modern spirituality, trace their influence that echoes not only in religious practices but also in the foundations of governance, lineage, and cosmic order. 🌌 Why You Should Dive Into This Bundle 🌌 ✨ Immerse yourself in the mysteries of Sumerian mythology, where the celestial and earthly realms converge, shaping human culture and beliefs. ✨ Explore the profound connections between Nibiru, the Anunnaki, and our world, unraveling cosmic secrets and enduring truths. ✨ Witness the echoes of the Anunnaki's presence in myths, rituals, and the enduring threads of human civilization. ✨ Discover the enduring power of these ancient narratives, as they transcend time to captivate modern imaginations. 🌍 Experience the Cosmos Through the Eyes of the Anunnaki 🌍 Unearth the forgotten tales, decipher the cosmic symbols, and traverse the epochs to uncover the legacy of the Anunnaki in our "Sumerian Mythology" book bundle. Each volume holds a key to unlocking the enigma of our past, bridging the celestial and earthly, and resonating with the eternal questions that have shaped human existence. 🛍️ Get Your Bundle Today and Embark on a Cosmic Journey! 🛍️

Stepfamily Relationships

Download Stepfamily Relationships PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1489977023
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Stepfamily Relationships by : Lawrence Ganong

Download or read book Stepfamily Relationships written by Lawrence Ganong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition synthesizes the emerging knowledge base on the diversity of stepfamilies, their inherent concerns, and why so relatively little is still known about them. Its extensive findings shed needed light on family arrangements relatively new to the literature (e.g., cohabitating stepparents), the effects of these relationships on different family members (e.g., stepsiblings, stepgrandparents), the experiences of gay and lesbian stepfamilies, and the stigma against non-nuclear families. Coverage reviews effective therapeutic and counseling interventions for emotional, familial, and social challenges of stepfamilies, as well as the merits of family education and self-help programs. The authors explore prevailing myths about marriage, divorce, and stepfamily life while expanding the limits of stepfamily research. Among the topics included: • The cultural context of stepfamilies.• Couple dynamics in stepfamilies.• Gay and lesbian couples in stepfamilies. • The dynamics of stepparenting. • Siblings, half-siblings, and stepsiblings. • Effects of stepfamily living on children.• Clinical perspectives on stepfamily dynamics. For researchers and clinicians who work with families, it enriches the literature as it offers insights and guidelines for effective practice as well as possible avenues for future research.

The Presidency in a Separated System

Download The Presidency in a Separated System PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 081579777X
Total Pages : 423 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Presidency in a Separated System by : Charles O. Jones

Download or read book The Presidency in a Separated System written by Charles O. Jones and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2005-10-01 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Popular interpretations of American government tend to center on the presidency. Successes and failures of government are often attributed to presidents themselves. But, though the White House stands as a powerful symbol of government, the United States has a separated system intentionally designed to distribute power, not to concentrate it. Charles O. Jones explains that focusing exclusively on the presidency can lead to a seriously distorted picture of how the national government works. The role of the president varies widely, depending on his resources, advantages, and strategic position. Public expectations often far exceed the president's personal, political, institutional, or constitutional capacities for achievement. Jones explores how presidents find their place in the permanent government and how they are "fitted in" by others, most notably those on Capitol Hill. This book shows how a separated system of government works under the circumstances created by the Constitution and encouraged by a two-party system. Jones examines the organizational challenges facing presidents, their public standing and what it means, presidential agendas and mandates, and lawmaking—how it works, where the president fits in, and how it varies from issue to issue. He compares the post-World War II presidents and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of each in working within the separated system. Jones proposes a view of government as a legitimate, even productive, form of decisionmaking and emphasizes the varying strategies available to presidents for governing. He concludes with a number of important lessons for presidents and advice on how to make the separated system work better.