Between Christian and Jew

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Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812206754
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Between Christian and Jew by : Paola Tartakoff

Download or read book Between Christian and Jew written by Paola Tartakoff and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2012-07-24 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1341 in Aragon, a Jewish convert to Christianity was sentenced to death, only to be pulled from the burning stake and into a formal religious interrogation. His confession was as astonishing to his inquisitors as his brush with mortality is to us: the condemned man described a Jewish conspiracy to persuade recent converts to denounce their newfound Christian faith. His claims were corroborated by witnesses and became the catalyst for a series of trials that unfolded over the course of the next twenty months. Between Christian and Jew closely analyzes these events, which Paola Tartakoff considers paradigmatic of inquisitorial proceedings against Jews in the period. The trials also serve as the backbone of her nuanced consideration of Jewish conversion to Christianity—and the unwelcoming Christian response to Jewish conversions—during a period that is usually celebrated as a time of relative interfaith harmony. The book lays bare the intensity of the mutual hostility between Christians and Jews in medieval Spain. Tartakoff's research reveals that the majority of Jewish converts of the period turned to baptism in order to escape personal difficulties, such as poverty, conflict with other Jews, or unhappy marriages. They often met with a chilly reception from their new Christian brethren, making it difficult to integrate into Christian society. Tartakoff explores Jewish antagonism toward Christians and Christianity by examining the aims and techniques of Jews who sought to re-Judaize apostates as well as the Jewish responses to inquisitorial prosecution during an actual investigation. Prosecutions such as the 1341 trial were understood by papal inquisitors to be in defense of Christianity against perceived Jewish attacks, although Tartakoff shows that Christian fears about Jewish hostility were often exaggerated. Drawing together the accounts of Jews, Jewish converts, and inquisitors, this cultural history offers a broad study of interfaith relations in medieval Iberia.

When Christians Were Jews

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Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300240740
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis When Christians Were Jews by : Paula Fredriksen

Download or read book When Christians Were Jews written by Paula Fredriksen and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-23 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compelling account of Christianity’s Jewish beginnings, from one of the world’s leading scholars of ancient religion How did a group of charismatic, apocalyptic Jewish missionaries, working to prepare their world for the impending realization of God's promises to Israel, end up inaugurating a movement that would grow into the gentile church? Committed to Jesus’s prophecy—“The Kingdom of God is at hand!”—they were, in their own eyes, history's last generation. But in history's eyes, they became the first Christians. In this electrifying social and intellectual history, Paula Fredriksen answers this question by reconstructing the life of the earliest Jerusalem community. As her account arcs from this group’s hopeful celebration of Passover with Jesus, through their bitter controversies that fragmented the movement’s midcentury missions, to the city’s fiery end in the Roman destruction of Jerusalem, she brings this vibrant apostolic community to life. Fredriksen offers a vivid portrait both of this temple-centered messianic movement and of the bedrock convictions that animated and sustained it.

Jews and Christians

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Publisher : Eerdmans Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9780802805072
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Jews and Christians by : Carl E. Braaten

Download or read book Jews and Christians written by Carl E. Braaten and published by Eerdmans Publishing Company. This book was released on 2003 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While Christians and Jews have always been aware of their religious connections -- historical continuity, overlapping theology, shared scriptures -- that awareness has traditionally been infected by centuries of mutual suspicion and hostility. As this important volume shows, however, theologians and scholars of Judaism and Christianity alike are now radically rethinking the relation between their two covenant communities. "Jews and Christians" presents the best of this work, introducing readers to current attempts to construct a coherent Jewish theology of Christianity and a Christian theology of Judaism. Here are leading Christian and Jewish thinkers who have engaged in extensive conversation, who take each other's work seriously, and who avoid the pitfall common to Jewish-Christian dialogue -- watering down distinctive beliefs to accommodate both partners. Indeed, these pages show how the new theological exchange goes to the roots of that olive tree of which both Judaism and Christianity are branches, and the book as a whole represents post-Holocaust Jewish-Christian dialogue at the highest theological level. In addition to eight major chapters, "Jews and Christians" includes a moving testimony by Reidar Dittmann on his experience of the Holocaust and reprints the 2000 manifesto "Dabru Emet: A Jewish Statement on Christians and Christianity," followed by incisive Christian and Jewish responses. Contributors: Carl E. Braaten David B. Burrell Barry Cytron Reidar Dittmann David Bentley Hart Robert W. Jenson Jon D. Levenson George Lindbeck Richard John Neuhaus David Novak Peter Ochs Wolfhart Pannenberg R. Kendall Soulen Marvin R. Wilson

Jewish Christianity

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Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300180136
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Jewish Christianity by : Matt Jackson-McCabe

Download or read book Jewish Christianity written by Matt Jackson-McCabe and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-23 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fresh exploration of the category Jewish Christianity, from its invention in the Enlightenment to contemporary debates For hundreds of years, historians have been asking fundamental questions about the separation of Christianity from Judaism in antiquity. Matt Jackson-McCabe argues provocatively that the concept "Jewish Christianity," which has been central to scholarly reconstructions, represents an enduring legacy of Christian apologetics. Freethinkers of the English Enlightenment created this category as a means of isolating a distinctly Christian religion from what otherwise appeared to be the Jewish culture of Jesus and the apostles. Tracing the development of this patently modern concept of a Jewish Christianity from its origins to early twenty-first-century scholarship, Jackson-McCabe shows how a category that began as a way to reimagine the apologetic notion of an authoritative "original Christianity" continues to cause problems in the contemporary study of Jewish and Christian antiquity. He draws on promising new approaches to Christianity and Judaism as socially constructed terms of identity to argue that historians would do better to leave the concept of Jewish Christianity behind.

Hebrew between Jews and Christians

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Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110389517
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Hebrew between Jews and Christians by : Daniel Stein Kokin

Download or read book Hebrew between Jews and Christians written by Daniel Stein Kokin and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-12-19 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though typically associated more with Judaism than Christianity, the status and sacrality of Hebrew has nonetheless been engaged by both religious cultures in often strikingly similar ways. The language has furthermore played an important, if vexed, role in relations between the two. Hebrew between Jews and Christians closely examines this frequently overlooked aspect of Judaism and Christianity's common heritage and mutual competition.

Witnessing to Jews

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Publisher : Jews for Jesus
ISBN 13 : 9781881022350
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis Witnessing to Jews by : Moishe Rosen

Download or read book Witnessing to Jews written by Moishe Rosen and published by Jews for Jesus. This book was released on 1998 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Understanding the Jewish Roots of Christianity

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781683594611
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (946 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding the Jewish Roots of Christianity by : Gerald McDermott

Download or read book Understanding the Jewish Roots of Christianity written by Gerald McDermott and published by . This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How Jewish is Christianity? The question of how Jesus' followers relate to Judaism has been a matter of debate since Jesus first sparred with the Pharisees. The controversy has not abated, taking many forms over the centuries. In the decades following the Holocaust, scholars and theologians reconsidered the Jewish origins and character of Christianity, finding points of continuity. Understanding the Jewish Roots of Christianity advances this discussion by freshly reassessing the issues. Did Jesus intend to form a new religion? Did Paul abrogate the Jewish law? Does the New Testament condemn Judaism? How and when did Christianity split from Judaism? How should Jewish believers in Jesus relate to a largely gentile church? What meaning do the Jewish origins of Christianity have for theology and practice today? In this volume, a variety of leading scholars and theologians explore the relationship of Judaism and Christianity through biblical, historical, theological, and ecclesiological angles. This cutting-edge scholarship will enrich readers' understanding of this centuries-old debate.

The Birth of Christianity from the Matrix of Judaism

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Publisher : Author House
ISBN 13 : 1467816221
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (678 download)

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Book Synopsis The Birth of Christianity from the Matrix of Judaism by : Walter Ziffer

Download or read book The Birth of Christianity from the Matrix of Judaism written by Walter Ziffer and published by Author House. This book was released on 2006-06-07 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents the essential information necessary for understanding how Christianity developed from being a Jewish sect to becoming an independent religion. While religious differences played an important role in the separation of Jews and Christians in the first and second centuries of the Common Era, there were also political, social and economic factors at work that contributed to the parting of the ways of these two groups. An effort was made to keep technical jargon to a minimum in this work. Thus we have here a book that is easily understood and yet scientifically sound. Footnotes should help steer the interested reader toward more specialized treatments of this or that sub-theme. In the end it is hoped that the book will be a stepping stone toward a more respectful and creative partnership between Christians and Jews in the neverending task of tikkun olam, the healing of our ailing world.

Judaism and Christianity:

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Publisher : iUniverse
ISBN 13 : 9781475954715
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (547 download)

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Book Synopsis Judaism and Christianity: by : Rabbi Stuart Federow

Download or read book Judaism and Christianity: written by Rabbi Stuart Federow and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2012-10-22 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many people focus on the similarities between Judaism and Christianity, but the religions are quite differentand its not just because one accepts Jesus as the messiah and the other does not. The rise of Christians calling themselves messianic Jews, the successes of Christian missionaries, Jews ingratiating themselves to Evangelical Christians because of their support for the State of Israel, the overuse of the term Judeo-Christian, and the increasing use of Jewish rituals in Christian churches, blur the lines between Judaism and Christianity. Develop a better understanding of the irreconcilable differences between Judaism and Christianity, and where the two faiths hold mutually exclusive beliefs. Youll learn how Their views differ regarding God, humanity, the devil, faith versus the law, the Messiah, and more; Both faiths read the same Biblical verses but understand them so differently; and Missionary Christians use this blurring of the lines between the two faiths, and other techniques, to convert Jews to Christianity. Real interfaith dialogue begins when those engaging in it not only speak of how they are similar, but also where they differ. Real understanding begins when the topics discussed are in areas of disagreement. Judaism and Christianity: A Contrastwill help you understand the Jewish view of these disagreements.

"Jesus Was a Jew"

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Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 149856075X
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis "Jesus Was a Jew" by : Orit Ramon

Download or read book "Jesus Was a Jew" written by Orit Ramon and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-08-20 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is the historical rivalry between Jews and Christians forgotten in modern Israel? Do Jewish-Israeli young people partake in the historic memory of the polemics between the two religions? This book scrutinizes the presentations of Christians and Christianity in Israeli school curricula, textbooks, and teaching in the state education system, in an attempt to elucidate the role of relations to Christianity in the construction of modern Jewish-Israeli identity, and it reveals that despite the changes in Jewish-Christian relations, they are still a significant factor in the construction of modern Jewish-Israeli identity.

Christians & Jews—Faith to Faith

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Publisher : Jewish Lights Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1580237177
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis Christians & Jews—Faith to Faith by : Rabbi James Rudin

Download or read book Christians & Jews—Faith to Faith written by Rabbi James Rudin and published by Jewish Lights Publishing. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In time for Pope Francis’s new initiatives. We now have the potential to end two thousand years of hostility—will we succeed? New in paperback! With keen wisdom and a masterful understanding of history, Rabbi James Rudin, an acclaimed authority in the field of Jewish-Christian relations, provides the context necessary for Christians and Jews to recognize the critical challenges posed by the past—and the future—of their two religions. Spanning twenty centuries of controversy, horror and promise, Rudin’s narrative examines: The sources of both conflict and commonality between the two religions The need to address and redress past wrongs The agenda required to create a shared future free of bigotry It includes proven approaches for successful interreligious dialogues, including tips on session organization, project ideas and a discussion guide to enhance Christians’ and Jews’ knowledge of each other.

The New Encounter

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The New Encounter by : John M. Oesterreicher

Download or read book The New Encounter written by John M. Oesterreicher and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of essays and lectures marking the twentieth anniversary of the "Nostra Aetate" declaration. Several essays trace changes in the Church which preceded the declaration and describe the personalities and events of Vatican Council II in which the author was involved. Pp. 237-267 discuss hostile reactions to the declaration (especially the theses clearing Jews of the charge of deicide) by Arabs and by theological conservatives who tried to prevent its promulgation. Reprints a number of lectures and sermons dealing with the author's interpretation of the declaration, his demand for recognition of Christianity's Jewish heritage, and the eradication of antisemitism. See especially pp. 375-393, "Deicide under the Microscope, " and pp. 394-402, "Season of Love."

A History of the Bible

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Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0143111205
Total Pages : 642 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis A History of the Bible by : John Barton

Download or read book A History of the Bible written by John Barton and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A literary history of our most influential book of all time, by an Oxford scholar and Anglican priest In our culture, the Bible is monolithic: It is a collection of books that has been unchanged and unchallenged since the earliest days of the Christian church. The idea of the Bible as "Holy Scripture," a non-negotiable authority straight from God, has prevailed in Western society for some time. And while it provides a firm foundation for centuries of Christian teaching, it denies the depth, variety, and richness of this fascinating text. In A History of the Bible, John Barton argues that the Bible is not a prescription to a complete, fixed religious system, but rather a product of a long and intriguing process, which has inspired Judaism and Christianity, but still does not describe the whole of either religion. Barton shows how the Bible is indeed an important source of religious insight for Jews and Christians alike, yet argues that it must be read in its historical context--from its beginnings in myth and folklore to its many interpretations throughout the centuries. It is a book full of narratives, laws, proverbs, prophecies, poems, and letters, each with their own character and origin stories. Barton explains how and by whom these disparate pieces were written, how they were canonized (and which ones weren't), and how they were assembled, disseminated, and interpreted around the world--and, importantly, to what effect. Ultimately, A History of the Bible argues that a thorough understanding of the history and context of its writing encourages religious communities to move away from the Bible's literal wording--which is impossible to determine--and focus instead on the broader meanings of scripture.

Near Christianity

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Publisher : Zondervan
ISBN 13 : 0310522978
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Near Christianity by : Anthony Le Donne

Download or read book Near Christianity written by Anthony Le Donne and published by Zondervan. This book was released on 2016-09-20 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book is an exploration of Christianity alongside Jewish guides who are well-studied in and sympathetic to Christianity, but who remain “near Christianity.”Reflecting on his journeys within biblical studies and contemporary Jewish-Christian dialogue, Anthony Le Donne illustrates not only the value but also the necessity of continued Jewish friendship for the Christian life. With the help of Jewish friends and mentors, he presents a deeper and more complex Christian faith, offering readers a better vision of the beauty and genius of Christianity, but also an honest look at its warts and failings. Weaving his own story and personal conversations with Jewish friends, Le Donne, a respected scholar and published author, models how his fellow Christians can avoid blurring the differences between Christianity and Judaism on the one hand and exaggerating them on the other.

Two Faiths, One Covenant?

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Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780742532281
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (322 download)

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Book Synopsis Two Faiths, One Covenant? by : Eugene B. Korn

Download or read book Two Faiths, One Covenant? written by Eugene B. Korn and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2005 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the twenty-first century, Jews and Christians are challenged to reconsider their theological assumptions by two inescapable truths: the moral tragedy of the holocaust demands that Christian thinkers acknowledge the violent effects of theologically delegitimizing Jews and Judaism, and the pervasive reality of cultural and religious pluralism calls both Christian and Jewish theologians to rethink the covenant in the presence of the Other. Two Faiths, One Covenant? Jewish and Christian Identity in the Presence of the Other is a breakthrough work that embraces this contemporary challenge and charts a path toward fruitful interfaith dialogue. The Christian and Jewish theologians in this book explore the ways that both religions have understood the covenant and reflect on how it can serve as a reservoir for a positive theological relationship between Christianity and Judaism-not merely one of non-belligerent tolerance, but of respect and theological pluralism, however limited.

Faith Transformed

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Publisher : Liturgical Press
ISBN 13 : 9780814651179
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (511 download)

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Book Synopsis Faith Transformed by : John C. Merkle

Download or read book Faith Transformed written by John C. Merkle and published by Liturgical Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, Christian churches have taught that the validity of Judaism came to an end with the emergence of Christianity. But in the last half-century, many Christians have reputiated this teaching and have affirmed the abiding validity of Judaism. Consequently, they have had to reevaluate Christian self-understanding in relation to Judaism. In Faith Transformed, Christian scholars who have been at the forefront of Christian-Jewish relations share how their encounters with Jews and Judaism have transformed their understanding and practice of Christianity. They reveal how their Christian faith has been profoundly enriched by drawing inspiration from the Jewish tradition.

Jewish-Christian Relations

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Publisher : Mascarat Publishing
ISBN 13 : 151361648X
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (136 download)

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Book Synopsis Jewish-Christian Relations by : Abel Mordechai Bibliowicz

Download or read book Jewish-Christian Relations written by Abel Mordechai Bibliowicz and published by Mascarat Publishing. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "I am in fundamental agreement with Bibliowicz's thesis (that the anti-Jewish polemic in the New Testament reflects debates between Jewish and Gentile followers of Jesus - not a polemic between Christians and Jews), and with the implications which he has drawn for Christian theology... May this book find a wide readership among people devoted to the cause of the healing of memories between Jews and Christians." —Peter C. Phan, Professor. Chair of Catholic Social Thought, Georgetown University; President of the Catholic Theological Society of America ‘Standing on a brilliant and insightful reconstruction of Paul, and on a quite shocking (but perhaps compelling) reading of Mark—the author offers a number of original and, in some cases, quite compelling theoretical reconstructions of the context and purposes of early Christian texts... a work of sublime moral passion.’ —David P. Gushee, Distinguished University Professor of Christian Ethics and Director, Center for Theology and Public Life, Mercer University. President-elect American Academy of Religion. Author of Kingdom Ethics: Following Jesus in Contemporary Context ‘An intrepid excursion into the Christian discourse... The quest of an intellectual, a humanist... Interesting and, in fact overwhelming... A timely and honest engagement of the Christian texts, authors, and scholars by a Jewish intellectual.’ —Burton L. Mack, – Professor of Early Christianity, Claremont School of Theology, California; author of A Myth of Innocence: Mark and Christian Origins “There is great merit to Bibliowicz's approach... I highly recommend this book for anyone interested in the Jewish-Christian dialogue.... Scholars may disagree with a number of Bibliowicz' conclusions, as I do with his interpretation of the Epistle to the Hebrews. But even in disagreeing, scholars in the field of Jewish-Christian studies, will learn new ways of challenging and thinking about old presumptions." —Eugene J. Fisher, Distinguished Professor of Theology, Saint Leo University. Former staff person for Catholic-Jewish relations for the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, Consultor to the Vatican Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews, member of the International Catholic-Jewish Liaison Committee representing the Holy See. ‘An important work... Sensitive and deeply researched... In the deepest sense, a profound theological work.’ —Clark M. Williamson, Professor. Christian Theological Seminary, Indiana; author of Way of Blessing, Way of Life: A Christian Theology ‘I very much appreciated the depth and scope of the scholarship, accompanied by the kind and humble spirit of the author…it may also prove to be one of the formidable and formative scholarly contributions of the decade for both biblical and historical scholars. ‘ —Michael Thompson, Professor. Religious Studies – Oklahoma State University ‘In methodical and precise fashion Bibliowicz takes the reader through the relevant ancient Christian texts bearing on the question at hand. In so doing, he proposes an intriguing, compelling thesis. The book should prove to be a major voice in the ongoing debate.’ —Brooks Schramm, Professor of Biblical Studies, Lutheran Theological Seminary ‘Impressive work... With this impassioned study available to us, it will no longer be possible for us to ignore the unintended ways the unthinkable came to be and still say ‘we did not know.’’ —Didier Pollefeyt, Professor. Faculty of Theology and Religious Studies, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Belgium; coauthor of Anti-Judaism and the Fourth Gospel and Paul and Judaism ‘An original and plausible claim that goes beyond most of modern scholarship... a solid contribution to the study of anti-Judaism in early Christianity.’ —Joseph B. Tyson, Professor. Religious Studies, Southern Methodist University; author of Marcion and Luke-Acts: A Defining Struggle ‘Well-researched and thorough. Intelligent and thoughtful... accessible, the argumentation compelling.’ —Michele Murray, Professor. Bishop’s University, Canada; author of Playing a Jewish Game: Gentile Christian Judaizing in the First and Second Centuries C.E. ‘A detailed and insightful exploration of the writings of the early Jesus movement... argues convincingly that the origins of Christian anti-Judaism are to be found among early non-Jewish followers of Jesus who were in conflict with Jesus’s disciples and first followers... a must read.’ —Tim Hegedus, Professor of New Testament, Waterloo Lutheran Seminary, Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada ‘Bibliowicz uses solid scholarship to engage large and difficult topics while managing to be balanced and clear... invites Christians to walk a deep journey toward truth... and suggests a compelling nuance that the conflicts in the early texts were between Jewish and Gentile followers of Jesus, not between Jews and Christians.’ —David L. Coppola, Executive Director, Center for Christian-Jewish Understanding, Sacred Heart University ‘A meticulous study... a mammoth endeavor... goes beyond others in his interpretation of the evidence, tracing and documenting distinctions and tensions in the early Jesus movement.’ —N. A. Beck, Professor of Theology and Classical Languages, Texas Lutheran University; author of Mature Christianity in the 21st Century: The Recognition and Repudiation of the Anti-Jewish Polemic of the New Testament ‘The topics Bibliowicz engages are complex. Although some of his interpretations are controversial... Gentile Christians should set aside apologetical agendas and honestly ponder the challenges put forward by the author.’ —Dale C. Allison, Jr. Professor of New Testament, Princeton Theological Seminary; author of Constructing Jesus: History, Memory, and Imagination