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Better Opportunities Or Worse The Demise Of Cotton Harvest Labor 1949 1964
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Book Synopsis Paths Out of Dixie by : Robert Mickey
Download or read book Paths Out of Dixie written by Robert Mickey and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-02-22 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of the American South--from authoritarian to democratic rule--is the most important political development since World War II. It has re-sorted voters into parties, remapped presidential elections, and helped polarize Congress. Most important, it is the final step in America's democratization. Paths Out of Dixie illuminates this sea change by analyzing the democratization experiences of Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina. Robert Mickey argues that Southern states, from the 1890s until the early 1970s, constituted pockets of authoritarian rule trapped within and sustained by a federal democracy. These enclaves--devoted to cheap agricultural labor and white supremacy--were established by conservative Democrats to protect their careers and clients. From the abolition of the whites-only Democratic primary in 1944 until the national party reforms of the early 1970s, enclaves were battered and destroyed by a series of democratization pressures from inside and outside their borders. Drawing on archival research, Mickey traces how Deep South rulers--dissimilar in their internal conflict and political institutions--varied in their responses to these challenges. Ultimately, enclaves differed in their degree of violence, incorporation of African Americans, and reconciliation of Democrats with the national party. These diverse paths generated political and economic legacies that continue to reverberate today. Focusing on enclave rulers, their governance challenges, and the monumental achievements of their adversaries, Paths Out of Dixie shows how the struggles of the recent past have reshaped the South and, in so doing, America's political development.
Book Synopsis Southern Enclosure by : John H. Cable
Download or read book Southern Enclosure written by John H. Cable and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2023-12-15 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historians of the American South have come to consider the mechanization and consolidation of cotton farming—the “Southern enclosure movement”—to be a watershed event in the region’s history. In the decades after World War II, this transition pushed innumerable sharecroppers, tenant farmers, and smallholders off the land, redistributing territory and resources upward to a handful of large, mainly white operators. By disproportionately displacing Black farmers, enclosure also slowed the progress of the civil rights movement and limited its impact. John Cable’s Southern Enclosure is among the first studies to explore that process through the interpretive lens of settler colonialism. Focusing on east-central Mississippi, home of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, Cable situates enclosure in the long history of dispossession that began with Indian Removal. The book follows elite white landowners and Black and Choctaw farmers from World War II to 1960—the period when the old, labor-intensive farm structure collapsed. By acknowledging that this process occurred on taken land, Cable demonstrates that the records of agricultural agents, segregationist politicians, and the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) are traces of ongoing colonization. The settler colonial framework, rarely associated with the postwar South, sheds important light on the shifting categories of race and class. It also prompts comparisons with other settler societies (states in southern and eastern Africa, for instance) whose timelines, racial regimes, and agrarian transitions were similar to those of the South. This postwar history of the South suggests ways in which the BIA’s termination policy dovetailed with Southern segregationism and, at the same time, points to some of the shortcomings of the burgeoning field of settler colonial studies.
Book Synopsis Driven to the Field by : David A. Davis
Download or read book Driven to the Field written by David A. Davis and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2023-02-21 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Driven to the Field traces the culture of sharecropping—crucial to understanding life in the southern United States—from Emancipation to the twenty-first century. By reading dozens of works of literature in their historical context, David A. Davis demonstrates how sharecropping emerged, endured for a century, and continues to resonate in American culture. Following the end of slavery, sharecropping initially served as an expedient solution to a practical problem, but it quickly developed into an entrenched power structure situated between slavery and freedom that exploited the labor of Blacks and poor whites to produce agricultural commodities. Sharecropping was the economic linchpin in the South’s social structure, and the region’s political system, race relations, and cultural practices were inextricably linked with this peculiar form of tenant farming from the end of the Civil War through the civil rights movement. Driven to the Field analyzes literary portrayals of this system to explain how it defined the culture of the South, revealing multiple genres of literature that depicted sharecropping, such as cotton romances, agricultural uplift novels, proletarian sharecropper fiction, and sharecropper autobiographies—important works of American literature that have never before been evaluated and discussed in their proper context.
Book Synopsis Competition in the Promised Land by : Leah Platt Boustan
Download or read book Competition in the Promised Land written by Leah Platt Boustan and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From 1940 to 1970, nearly four million black migrants left the American rural South to settle in the industrial cities of the North and West. Competition in the Promised Land provides a comprehensive account of the long-lasting effects of the influx of black workers on labor markets and urban space in receiving areas. Traditionally, the Great Black Migration has been lauded as a path to general black economic progress. Leah Boustan challenges this view, arguing instead that the migration produced winners and losers within the black community. Boustan shows that migrants themselves gained tremendously, more than doubling their earnings by moving North. But these new arrivals competed with existing black workers, limiting black–white wage convergence in Northern labor markets and slowing black economic growth. Furthermore, many white households responded to the black migration by relocating to the suburbs. White flight was motivated not only by neighborhood racial change but also by the desire on the part of white residents to avoid participating in the local public services and fiscal obligations of increasingly diverse cities. Employing historical census data and state-of-the-art econometric methods, Competition in the Promised Land revises our understanding of the Great Black Migration and its role in the transformation of American society.
Book Synopsis Feeding the World by : Giovanni Federico
Download or read book Feeding the World written by Giovanni Federico and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-16 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last two centuries, agriculture has been an outstanding, if somewhat neglected, success story. Agriculture has fed an ever-growing population with an increasing variety of products at falling prices, even as it has released a growing number of workers to the rest of the economy. This book, a comprehensive history of world agriculture during this period, explains how these feats were accomplished. Feeding the World synthesizes two hundred years of agricultural development throughout the world, providing all essential data and extensive references to the literature. It covers, systematically, all the factors that have affected agricultural performance: environment, accumulation of inputs, technical progress, institutional change, commercialization, agricultural policies, and more. The last chapter discusses the contribution of agriculture to modern economic growth. The book is global in its reach and analysis, and represents a grand synthesis of an enormous topic.
Book Synopsis Mexican Workers and the Making of Arizona by : Luis F. B. Plascencia
Download or read book Mexican Workers and the Making of Arizona written by Luis F. B. Plascencia and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2018-10-02 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On any given day in Arizona, thousands of Mexican-descent workers labor to make living in urban and rural areas possible. The majority of such workers are largely invisible. Their work as caretakers of children and the elderly, dishwashers or cooks in restaurants, and hotel housekeeping staff, among other roles, remains in the shadows of an economy dependent on their labor. Mexican Workers and the Making of Arizona centers on the production of an elastic supply of labor, revealing how this long-standing approach to the building of Arizona has obscured important power relations, including the state’s favorable treatment of corporations vis-à-vis workers. Building on recent scholarship about Chicanas/os and others, the volume insightfully describes how U.S. industries such as railroads, mining, and agriculture have fostered the recruitment of Mexican labor, thus ensuring the presence of a surplus labor pool that expands and contracts to accommodate production and profit goals. The volume’s contributors delve into examples of migration and settlement in the Salt River Valley; the mobilization and immobilization of cotton workers in the 1920s; miners and their challenge to a dual-wage system in Miami, Arizona; Mexican American women workers in midcentury Phoenix; the 1980s Morenci copper miners’ strike and Chicana mobilization; Arizona’s industrial and agribusiness demands for Mexican contract labor; and the labor rights violations of construction workers today. Mexican Workers and the Making of Arizona fills an important gap in our understanding of Mexicans and Mexican Americans in the Southwest by turning the scholarly gaze to Arizona, which has had a long-standing impact on national policy and politics.
Book Synopsis The Senator and the Sharecropper by : Chris Myers Asch
Download or read book The Senator and the Sharecropper written by Chris Myers Asch and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2011-02-01 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this fascinating study of race, politics, and economics in Mississippi, Chris Myers Asch tells the story of two extraordinary personalities--Fannie Lou Hamer and James O. Eastland--who represented deeply opposed sides of the civil rights movement. Both
Book Synopsis American Economic History by : Jonathan R. T. Hughes
Download or read book American Economic History written by Jonathan R. T. Hughes and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 2011 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: America's present economy, understood through its past. Rich in both quantitative techniques and economic theory, American Economic History demonstrates how an understanding of our past can illuminate economic issues that face society today and in the future. In simple, elegant language, this text walks readers through four centuries of political, social, and economic history, focusing on laws and institutions and emphasizing current economic topics. The eighth edition has been updated and revised, and includes expanded discussions on population, health, and labor; education; the automobile industry; income and taxes; social security; unemployment; regulation and the financial industry; and the history of economic recessions.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of the Great Black Migration by : Steven Andrew Reich
Download or read book Encyclopedia of the Great Black Migration written by Steven Andrew Reich and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a collection of essays that explore the causes, experiences, and consequences of African American migrations during the twentieth-century.
Download or read book America, History and Life written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Article abstracts and citations of reviews and dissertations covering the United States and Canada.
Book Synopsis Monthly Notes, Farm Management, and Farm Economics by :
Download or read book Monthly Notes, Farm Management, and Farm Economics written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bibliography of Agricultural Bibliographies by :
Download or read book Bibliography of Agricultural Bibliographies written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agricultural Situation written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 1760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Second Great Emancipation by : Donald Holley
Download or read book The Second Great Emancipation written by Donald Holley and published by University of Arkansas Press. This book was released on 2000-07-01 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Second Great Emancipation, Donald Holley uses statistical and narrative analysis to demonstrate that farm mechanization occurred in the Delta region of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi after the region’s population of farm laborers moved away for new opportunities. Rather than pushing labor off the land, Holley argues, the mechanical cotton picker enabled the continuation of cotton cultivation in the post-plantation era, opening the door for the civil rights movement, while ushering a period of prosperity into the South.
Book Synopsis Constraint of Race by : Linda Faye Williams
Download or read book Constraint of Race written by Linda Faye Williams and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The winner of the 2004 W.E.B. DuBois Book Award, NCOBPS and the2004 Michael Harrington Award "for an outstanding book that demonstrates how scholarship can be used in the struggle for a better world."
Book Synopsis Transforming Agrarian Economies by : Thomas P. Tomich
Download or read book Transforming Agrarian Economies written by Thomas P. Tomich and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's 58 poorest countries are diverse in many respects, but they share the characteristic of a labor force overwhelmingly dependent on agriculture. Challenging the assumption that mass poverty and chronic hunger are insoluble problems, this book systematically explores the multiple aspects of economic development in these countries, which are home to 60 percent of the world's population. The authors offer a broad-based development strategy to raise incomes through agricultural productivity growth and expanded rural employment. They present rich new information on the rural informal sector and on agriculture-industry interactions, and they analyze the impact of macroeconomic and social policies on the rural economy. Policy instruments aimed at bringing about broad-based development are carefully assessed from fiscal policy to development of hew seeds and farm implements. The book includes detailed case studies of countries that have seized—or missed—development opportunities. Comparison of the successful economic transformations of Japan and the United States shows how key ideas, which the authors call strategic notions, have enabled policymakers to act with foresight. Analyses of strategic choices in China, the Soviet Union, Taiwan, Mexico, Kenya, and Tanzania also show how development strategies that emerge from the real-world political economy reflect a mix of individual interests and strategic notions.
