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Benthic Microalgae Response To A Warming Climate And Shift In Foundational Vegetation Species In A Saltmarsh Mangrove Ecotone
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Book Synopsis Benthic Microalgae Response to a Warming Climate and Shift in Foundational Vegetation Species in a Saltmarsh-mangrove Ecotone by : Gabriela Margot Canas
Download or read book Benthic Microalgae Response to a Warming Climate and Shift in Foundational Vegetation Species in a Saltmarsh-mangrove Ecotone written by Gabriela Margot Canas and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ecotone in Northeast Florida is experiencing rapid change as mangroves begin to encroach northward into saltmarsh dominated coastal wetlands. This is especially prevalent within the boundaries of the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve where studies are attempting to understand the consequences of more mangroves. Although we are beginning to understand some of the implications of this shift in dominant vegetation, the true effects and the accompanying sustained climatic warming effects on the resilience of wetland habitats and their associated communities remains unknown. Primary producers such as benthic microalgae (BMA) are important food sources in both mangrove and saltmarsh communities and can provide insights into how changes can affect community dynamics. Algal community biomass and composition was measured within three different marsh vegetation types (Batis maritima, Spartina alterniflora, and Avicennia germinans) and compared to assess if vegetation is a potential driver of algal community dynamics. Warming chambers deployed on both marsh dominated and mangrove dominated plots were also used to investigate how warming could potentially drive algal community change. Abiotic conditions and vegetation structure were assessed as potential structuring forces on algal communities. Algal biomass and functional group diversity differed among vegetation types and varied by season. Abiotic factors (temperature, light) and vegetation structural properties (% cover, stem height, stem density) were correlated with patterns of algal biomass. Algae biomass and functional group diversity also responded to increased air temperature treatments in the spring with community shifts towards cyanobacterial dominance in warming treatments. These findings suggest that changes in BMA communities should be investigated further as potential bottom up drivers of community shifts resulting from the marsh to mangrove transition.
Book Synopsis The Response of Microalgae and Plankton to Climate Change and Human Activities by : Zhaohe Luo
Download or read book The Response of Microalgae and Plankton to Climate Change and Human Activities written by Zhaohe Luo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-02-07 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of global seafood production and mariculture activities take place in marine coastal water bodies, especially in areas of high primary productivity (from microalgae and plankton). This productivity sustains many forms of ecosystem services and promotes carbon dioxide absorption. However, climate change (ocean warming, acidification, oxygen loss, etc.) and anthropogenic disturbances (nutrients intrusion, aquaculture) have influenced the microalgae/plankton community assemblage and shifted it into a highly productive zone, causing a severe impact on the marine ecosystem, such as an increase in Harmful Algal Blooms, dead zone expansions, and coral-algal phase shifts. So far, there is still little knowledge on the mechanisms of microalgae/plankton community response to these changing environmental conditions. Harmful microalgae impair the marine ecosystem through the production of the so-called shellfish toxins, which cause shellfish contamination and poisoning to the vertebrates, including humans. In addition, some microalgae produce fish-killing toxins (ichthyotoxins), causing increasing damage to marine aquaculture. Besides that, the high productivity/bloom of microalgae in the water due to coastal eutrophication from anthropogenic activities is known to induce hypoxic-anoxic conditions causing a severe economic impact on aquaculture.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Activities on Mangrove Ecosystems by : Remi Bardou
Download or read book The Effect of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Activities on Mangrove Ecosystems written by Remi Bardou and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mangroves are critical tropical coastal ecosystems and provide essential ecological and societal services. Mangroves have been rapidly changing over the last fifty years, and geospatial technologies provide a tool to measure such changes around the world. As a response to climate change and rising temperatures, mangroves have been encroaching into salt marshes at many mangrove-salt marsh ecotones in sub-tropical areas, rapidly shifting their distributions poleward. Although mangroves have faced substantial degradation and deforestation due to human activity, we have seen a rise in anthropological efforts towards their preservation and reforestation in recent years. This dissertation examines both climatic and anthropogenic drivers of change for mangrove ecosystems, using a combination of remote sensing, climate modeling, and manipulative experiments. First, we investigate mangrove range limit dynamics on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North America, where the same three species of mangroves are found. Using gridded climate data, remote sensing and manipulative experiments, we compared the realized and fundamental niches of the Atlantic and Pacific mangroves, and found notably different responses to environmental conditions, resulting in contrasting range dynamics. We then focused specifically on the Pacific range limit, where further manipulative experiments on cold water temperatures and aridity highlighted the fact that mangroves' response to changes in climate is highly species- and location-specific. Therefore, aspects particular to each range population must be taken into consideration to best understand and predict mangrove response to climate change. Lastly, we focused on anthropogenic impacts on mangrove ecosystems. Using the island of Madagascar - a major biodiversity hotspot - as a case study, we conducted a remote sensing analysis of mangrove dynamics over fifty years. Results show that mangroves have faced considerable loss. However, recent awareness arising over the last twenty years has led to better conservation and preservation efforts, resulting in an increase in overall mangrove cover during this period.
Book Synopsis Biogeochemistry and Pedogenetic Process in Saltmarsh and Mangrove Systems by : Xosé Luis Otero Pérez
Download or read book Biogeochemistry and Pedogenetic Process in Saltmarsh and Mangrove Systems written by Xosé Luis Otero Pérez and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wetlands have generally been viewed in the past as areas of little value, and have even been considered as a threat to human health. This idea, which persists in a large part of the population, has motivated the destruction of many wetland areas. Urban development, the installation of large industrial ports, and the construction of fish and shellfish farms are some of the causes of the disappearance of mangrove systems and salt marshes, argued to produce greater economic and social development. However, recent studies indicate the opposite. Coastal wetlands provide an important source of goods and services to society, the value of which exceeds US $25,000 billions per year. This book is a new contribution to our knowledge of mangrove and salt marsh soils and sediments.
Book Synopsis Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology by : M.P. Weinstein
Download or read book Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology written by M.P. Weinstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-10-31 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tidal salt marshes are viewed as critical habitats for the production of fish and shellfish. As a result, considerable legislation has been promulgated to conserve and protect these habitats, and much of it is in effect today. The relatively young science of ecological engineering has also emerged, and there are now attempts to reverse centuries-old losses by encouraging sound wetland restoration practices. Today, tens of thousands of hectares of degraded or isolated coastal wetlands are being restored worldwide. Whether restored wetlands reach functional equivalency to `natural' systems is a subject of heated debate. Equally debatable is the paradigm that depicts tidal salt marshes as the `great engine' that drives much of the secondary production in coastal waters. This view was questioned in the early 1980s by investigators who noted that total carbon export, on the order of 100 to 200 g m-2 y-1 was of much lower magnitude than originally thought. These authors also recognized that some marshes were either net importers of carbon, or showed no net exchange. Thus, the notion of `outwelling' has become but a single element in an evolving view of marsh function and the link between primary and secondary production. The `revisionist' movement was launched in 1979 when stable isotopic ratios of macrophytes and animal tissues were found to be `mismatched'. Some eighteen years later, the view of marsh function is still undergoing additional modification, and we are slowly unraveling the complexities of biogeochemical cycles, nutrient exchange, and the links between primary producers and the marsh/estuary fauna. Yet, since Teal's seminal paper nearly forty years ago, we are not much closer to understanding how marshes work. If anything, we have learned that the story is far more complicated than originally thought. Despite more than four decades of intense research, we do not yet know how salt marshes function as essential habitat, nor do we know the relative contributions to secondary production, both in situ or in the open waters of the estuary. The theme of this Symposium was to review the status of salt marsh research and revisit the existing paradigm(s) for salt marsh function. Challenge questions were designed to meet the controversy head on: Do marshes support the production of marine transient species? If so, how? Are any of these species marsh obligates? How much of the production takes place in situ versus in open waters of the estuary/coastal zone? Sessions were devoted to reviews of landmark studies, or current findings that advance our knowledge of salt marsh function. A day was also devoted to ecological engineering and wetland restoration papers addressing state-of-the-art methodology and specific case histories. Several challenge papers arguing for and against our ability to restore functional salt marshes led off each session. This volume is intended to serve as a synthesis of our current understanding of the ecological role of salt marshes, and will, it is hoped, pave the way for a new generation of research.
Book Synopsis Biogeochemistry of Wetlands by : K. Ramesh Reddy
Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Wetlands written by K. Ramesh Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-10 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial functions of wetlands are a unique suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate elemental cycling in soils and the water column. This book provides an in-depth coverage of these wetland biogeochemical processes related to the cycling of macroelements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, secondary and trace elements, and toxic organic compounds. In this synthesis, the authors combine more than 100 years of experience studying wetlands and biogeochemistry to look inside the black box of elemental transformations in wetland ecosystems. This new edition is updated throughout to include more topics and provide an integrated view of the coupled nature of biogeochemical cycles in wetland systems. The influence of the elemental cycles is discussed at a range of scales in the context of environmental change including climate, sea level rise, and water quality. Frequent examples of key methods and major case studies are also included to help the reader extend the basic theories for application in their own system. Some of the major topics discussed are: Flooded soil and sediment characteristics Aerobic-anaerobic interfaces Redox chemistry in flooded soil and sediment systems Anaerobic microbial metabolism Plant adaptations to reducing conditions Regulators of organic matter decomposition and accretion Major nutrient sources and sinks Greenhouse gas production and emission Elemental flux processes Remediation of contaminated soils and sediments Coupled C-N-P-S processes Consequences of environmental change in wetlands# The book provides the foundation for a basic understanding of key biogeochemical processes and its applications to solve real world problems. It is detailed, but also assists the reader with box inserts, artfully designed diagrams, and summary tables all supported by numerous current references. This book is an excellent resource for senior undergraduates and graduate students studying ecosystem biogeochemistry with a focus in wetlands and aquatic systems.
Book Synopsis Benthic Microalgae of a Wolfville Salt Marsh by : Louise Sarah Wootton
Download or read book Benthic Microalgae of a Wolfville Salt Marsh written by Louise Sarah Wootton and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Marine Macrophytes as Foundation Species by : Emil Olafsson
Download or read book Marine Macrophytes as Foundation Species written by Emil Olafsson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine macrophytes (macroalgae, seagrasses, and mangroves) comprise thousands of species distributed in shallow water areas along the world’s coastlines. They play a key role in marine ecosystems regarding biodiversity and energy flow. A large proportion of macrophyte species can be characterised as ecosystem engineers—organisms that directly or indirectly affect the availability of resources to other species by modifying, maintaining, and creating habitats. This book is divided into three main themes: • Marine macroalgae and seagrasses as sources of biodiversity gives an overview of the diversity of the main organisms associated with macrophytes, and their functional role and interactions within their hosts. • Primary and secondary production of Macrophytes synthesizes research on food web structures derived from/or associated with, macrophytes and the transfer of macrophytic primary and secondary production from one ecosystem to another. • Threats to macrophytic ecosystem engineers addresses human-induced effects including eutrophication, physical destruction, invasive species, and global warming. The book is among the first one to concentrate on the value of macrophytes for the well-being of marine habitats. The book is aimed at academics but may be useful for students, policy makers, and laymen alike.
Book Synopsis Mangroves on the Move by : Jiang Jiang
Download or read book Mangroves on the Move written by Jiang Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The landward coastal zones of the low-lying habitats are characterized by sharp ecotones between salinity-tolerant (halophytic) vegetation types, such as mangroves, and salinity-intolerant (glycophytic) vegetation types, such as freshwater marsh and hardwood hammocks. Empirical studies show a gradual landward migration of these ecotones in some areas, due to sea level rise (SLR), and evidence in some areas of rapid change from glycophytic to halophytic vegetation, possibly as regime shifts resulting from salinity overwash from storm surges. In this dissertation work, the plausibility of storm surge related regime shifts of glycophytic vegetation was investigated using a coupled hydrological and ecological simulation model, and the resilience of the ecotone was studied using a mathematical model. In view of potential effects of storm surge associate with SLR on Everglades ecosystems, particularly the consequences these pose for the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan, both empirical and modeling studies on coastal vegetation are underway. In this dissertation work, the Spatially Explicit Hammock/Mangrove (SEHM) computer simulation model of the ecotone between those vegetation types was used to show the influence of both abiotic (elevation gradient, groundwater salinity, tidal amplitude, precipitation, freshwater flow) and biotic factors (plant physiology, competitive abilities, dispersal, positive feedbacks between plants and soil salinity) on the mechanisms of ecotone formation. The model simulation results indicate that an environmental gradient of salinity, caused by tidal flux, is the key factor separating vegetation communities, while positive feedback involving the interactions of vegetation types with the vadose zone salinity increases the sharpness of boundaries, and maintains the ecological resilience of mangrove/ hammock ecotones against minor disturbances. The model also shows that the dry season, with its low precipitation, has a strong effect on the position of the mangrove/hammock ecotone. Using a mathematical model of an ecotone vulnerable to possible future changes, I estimated the resilience of the ecotone to disturbances. The specific ecotone is that between two different vegetation types, salinity-tolerant and salinity-intolerant, along a gradient in groundwater salinity. In the case studied, each vegetation type, through soil feedback loops, promoted local soil salinity levels that favor itself in competition with the other type. Alternative stable equilibria, one for salinity-tolerant and one for salinity intolerant vegetation, were shown to exist over a region of the groundwater salinity gradient, bounded by two bifurcation points. This region was shown to depend sensitively on parameters such as the rate of upward infiltration of salinity from groundwater into the soil due to evaporation. I showed also that increasing diffusion rates of vegetation can lead to shrinkage of the range between the two bifurcation points. Sharp ecotones are typical of salt-tolerant vegetation (mangroves) near the coastline and salt-intolerant vegetation inland, even though the underlying elevation and groundwater salinity change very gradually. A disturbance such as an input of salinity to the soil from a storm surge could upset this stable boundary, leading to a regime shift of salinity-tolerant vegetation inland. I showed, however, that, for my model as least, a simple pulse disturbance would not be sufficient; the salinity would have to be held at a high level, as a 'press,' for some time. The approach used here should be generalizable to study the resilience of a variety of ecotones to disturbances. The SEHM model has been modified to simulate the mangrove-freshwater marsh ecotone. This model is based on intensive field studies by USGS across a mangrove-marsh ecotone on the Harney River in Everglades National Park. The model indicates that two factors are closely related to storm surge effect on vegetation. One of these is salinity intrusion, which has been proposed as a major disturbance to freshwater wetlands. The other is invasion of mangrove seedlings, which have rarely been reported as drivers for ecotone position changes. The model simulation results indicate that, at least for the cases studied, the regime shift of vegetation from freshwater marsh to mangroves was more sensitive to the density of mangrove seedlings passively transported by the storm surge than to the magnitudes of the salinity intrusion. The observed high salinities after regime shifts in the model are the result of more than simply the salinity overwash from the storm surge. Once mangrove prapagules establish successfully, high salinity can be maintained via evapotranspiration of the invading halophytic vegetation, which leaves salt in the soil. While initial salinity intrusion helps mangrove prapagules compete with dense freshwater marsh, the mangroves, once established, continue to hold the concentration of soil salinity high.
Book Synopsis Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Biogeographic Perspective by : Victor H. Rivera-Monroy
Download or read book Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Biogeographic Perspective written by Victor H. Rivera-Monroy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-03 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive overview and analysis of mangrove ecological processes, structure, and function at the local, biogeographic, and global scales and how these properties interact to provide key ecosystem services to society. The analysis is based on an international collaborative effort that focuses on regions and countries holding the largest mangrove resources and encompasses the major biogeographic and socio-economic settings of mangrove distribution. Given the economic and ecological importance of mangrove wetlands at the global scale, the chapters aim to integrate ecological and socio-economic perspectives on mangrove function and management using a system-level hierarchical analysis framework. The book explores the nexus between mangrove ecology and the capacity for ecosystem services, with an emphasis on thresholds, multiple stressors, and local conditions that determine this capacity. The interdisciplinary approach and illustrative study cases included in the book will provide valuable resources in data, information, and knowledge about the current status of one of the most productive coastal ecosystem in the world.
Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Carbohydrate Production and Loss in Salt Marsh Sediments of Galveston Bay by : Carolyn E. Wilson
Download or read book Factors Affecting Carbohydrate Production and Loss in Salt Marsh Sediments of Galveston Bay written by Carolyn E. Wilson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Benthic microalgae (BMA) living within the surface sediment of salt marshes are highly productive organisms that provide a significant proportion of organic carbon inputs into estuarine systems. BMA secrete extracellular carbohydrates in the form of low molecular weight carbohydrates and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) as they migrate within the sediment. EPS plays an important role in the structure and function of BMA biofilms in shallow-water systems as EPS affects habitat structure, stabilizes the sediment, reduces sediment erosion, and is a carbon source for organisms. This study looked at the effect of nutrients and carbohydrate additions on BMA biomass, bacterial biomass, carbohydrate production, and glycosidase activity in the surface 5 mm of intertidal sediment in a subtropical salt marsh (Galveston Bay, Texas). Nitrogen and phosphorus were added to cores collected from the salt marsh and incubated in the lab over four days. Very little change was seen in the biomass of the benthic microalgae or in the different carbohydrate fractions with the added nutrients. The mean chlorophyll a concentration was 13 +/- 5 ug g-1 sediment, the mean saline extractable carbohydrate concentration was 237 +/- 113 ug g-1 sediment, and the mean EPS concentration was 48 +/- 25 ug g-1 sediment. The chlorophyll a and saline extractable carbohydrate concentrations initially decreased over the first 24 hours, but then increased over the rest of the experiment, indicating a possible species compositional shift in the BMA. With no major response with nutrient additions, it is likely that a different environmental factor is limiting for the growth of the benthic microalgae, and therefore the production of sEPS, in this salt marsh. A series of experiments was conducted in situ by adding glucose, alginic acid, and phosphorus to sediment within experimental plots. Samples were taken periodically over three to seven days to determine the biomass of the microbial community, enzyme activities and kinetics, and changes in the concentrations of several sediment carbohydrate pools. u-glucosidase activities (15 +/- 3 nmol g-1 h-1) were significantly higher than u-xylosidase (6 +/- 2 nmol g-1 h-1) and u-galactosidase (8 +/- 2 nmol g-1 h-1) activities within the sediment, and there was no suppression of u-glucosidase activity measured with the glucose addition. These data represent the first measurement of u- xylosidase and u-galactosidase activity in intertidal sediment dominated by BMA. Although preliminary experiments suggested a possible phosphorus limitation within the sediment, there was little change in the bacteria abundance or the benthic microalgae biomass when phosphorus was added in situ. This study begins to illustrate the dynamics of carbohydrate production and loss in this salt marsh, and the ability for the microbial community in the salt marshes of Galveston Bay to adjust to the nutrient and carbohydrate treatments.
Book Synopsis Coastal Wetlands: Alteration and Remediation by : Charles W. Finkl
Download or read book Coastal Wetlands: Alteration and Remediation written by Charles W. Finkl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-18 with total page 879 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book delves into human-induced and natural impacts on coastal wetlands, intended or otherwise, through a series of vignettes that elucidate the environmental insults and efforts at amelioration and remediation. The alteration, and subsequent restoration, of wetland habitats remain key issues among coastal scientists. These topics are introduced through case studies and pilot programs that are designed to better understand the best practices of trying to save what is left of these fragile ecosystems. Local approaches, as well as national and international efforts to restore the functionality of marsh systems are summarily approached and evaluated by their efficacy in producing resilient reclamations in terms of climate-smart habitat conservation. The outlook of this work is global in extent and local by intent. Included here in summarized form are professional opinions of experts in the field that investigate the crux of the matter, which proves to be human pressure on coastal wetland environments. Even though conservation and preservation of these delicate environmental systems may be coming at a later date, many multi-pronged approaches show promise through advances in education, litigation, and engineering to achieve sustainable coastal systems. The examples in this book are not only of interest to those working exclusively with coastal wetlands, but also to those working to protect the surrounding coastal areas of all types.
Book Synopsis Lagoons and estuaries by : Sriyanie Miththapala
Download or read book Lagoons and estuaries written by Sriyanie Miththapala and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal lagoons and estuaries, lying at the boundary between ocean and land, house a unique mosaic of habitats, giving rise to high species diversity and the creation of ecotones. They are also ecologically and economically important ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Yet, these coastal ecosystems are facing a gamut of human-induced threats. This booklet is the fourth in the Coastal Ecosystems Series, published in an attempt to address the lack of information available to the general public regarding the threats to coastal ecosystems.
Book Synopsis Estuarine Ecology by : John W. Day, Jr.
Download or read book Estuarine Ecology written by John W. Day, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-11-19 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estuaries are among the most biologically productive ecosystems on the planet--critical to the life cycles of fish, other aquatic animals, and the creatures which feed on them. Estuarine Ecology, Second Edition, covers the physical and chemical aspects of estuaries, the biology and ecology of key organisms, the flow of organic matter through estuaries, and human interactions, such as the environmental impact of fisheries on estuaries and the effects of global climate change on these important ecosystems. Authored by a team of world experts from the estuarine science community, this long-awaited, full-color edition includes new chapters covering phytoplankton, seagrasses, coastal marshes, mangroves, benthic algae, Integrated Coastal Zone Management techniques, and the effects of global climate change. It also features an entriely new section on estuarine ecosystem processes, trophic webs, ecosystem metabolism, and the interactions between estuaries and other ecosystems such as wetlands and marshes
Book Synopsis Habitats and Biota of the Gulf of Mexico: Before the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill by : C. Herb Ward
Download or read book Habitats and Biota of the Gulf of Mexico: Before the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill written by C. Herb Ward and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 917 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license. The Gulf of Mexico is an open and dynamic marine ecosystem rich in natural resources but heavily impacted by human activities, including agricultural, industrial, commercial and coastal development. The Gulf of Mexico has been continuously exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons for millions of years from natural oil and gas seeps on the sea floor, and more recently from oil drilling and production activities located in the water near and far from shore. Major accidental oil spills in the Gulf are infrequent; two of the most significant include the Ixtoc I blowout in the Bay of Campeche in 1979 and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in 2010. Unfortunately, baseline assessments of the status of habitats and biota in the Gulf of Mexico before these spills either were not available, or the data had not been systematically compiled in a way that would help scientists assess the potential short-term and long-term effects of such events. This 2-volume series compiles and summarizes thousands of data sets showing the status of habitats and biota in the Gulf of Mexico before the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill. Volume 1 covers: water and sediment quality and contaminants in the Gulf; natural oil and gas seeps in the Gulf of Mexico; coastal habitats, including flora and fauna and coastal geology; offshore benthos and plankton, with an analysis of current knowledge on energy capture and energy flows in the Gulf; and shellfish and finfish resources that provide the basis for commercial and recreational fisheries.
Author :Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :1107025060 Total Pages :593 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (7 download)
Book Synopsis Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation by : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Download or read book Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-28 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extreme weather and climate events, interacting with exposed and vulnerable human and natural systems, can lead to disasters. This Special Report explores the social as well as physical dimensions of weather- and climate-related disasters, considering opportunities for managing risks at local to international scales. SREX was approved and accepted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on 18 November 2011 in Kampala, Uganda.
