Belief In A Just World And Redistributive Politics

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Belief in a Just World and Redistributive Politics

Author : Roland Bénabou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Belief in a Just World and Redistributive Politics by : Roland Bénabou

Download or read book Belief in a Just World and Redistributive Politics written by Roland Bénabou and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International surveys reveal wide differences between the views held in different countries concerning the causes of wealth or poverty and the extent to which people are responsible for their own fate. At the same time, social ethnographies and experiments by psychologists demonstrate individuals' recurrent struggle with cognitive dissonance as they seek to maintain, and pass on to their children, a view of the world where effort ultimately pays off and everyone gets their just deserts. This paper offers a model that helps explain: i) why most people feel such a need to believe in a "just world"; ii) why this need, and therefore the prevalence of the belief, varies considerably across countries; iii) the implications of this phenomenon for international differences in political ideology, levels of redistribution, labor supply, aggregate income, and popular perceptions of the poor. The model shows in particular how complementarities arise endogenously between individuals' desired beliefs or ideological choices, resulting in two equilibria. A first, "American" equilibrium is characterized by a high prevalence of just-world beliefs among the population and relatively laissez-faire policies. The other, "European" equilibrium is characterized by more pessimism about the role of effort in economic outcomes and a more extensive welfare state. More generally, the paper develops a theory of collective beliefs and motivated cognitions, including those concerning "money" (consumption) and happiness, as well as religion.

The Belief in a Just World

Author : Melvin Lerner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489904484
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis The Belief in a Just World by : Melvin Lerner

Download or read book The Belief in a Just World written by Melvin Lerner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "belief in a just world" is an attempt to capmre in a phrase one of the ways, if not the way, that people come to terms with-make sense out of-find meaning in, their experiences. We do not believe that things just happen in our world; there is a pattern to events which conveys not only a sense of orderli ness or predictability, but also the compelling experience of appropriateness ex pressed in the typically implicit judgment, "Yes, that is the way it should be." There are probably many reasons why people discover or develop a view of their environment in which events occur for good, understandable reasons. One explanation is simply that this view of reality is a direct reflection of the way both the human mind and the environment are constructed. Constancies, patterns which actually do exist in the environment-out there-are perceived, represented symbolically, and retained in the mind. This approach cenainly has some validity, and would probably suffice, if it were not for that sense of "appropriateness," the pervasive affective com ponent in human experience. People have emotions and feelings, and these are especially apparent in their expectations about their world: their hopes, fears, disappointments, disillusionment, surprise, confidence, trust, despondency, anticipation-and certainly their sense of right, wrong, good, bad, ought, en titled, fair, deserving, just.

The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty

Author : David Brady
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199914052
Total Pages : 937 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty by : David Brady

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty written by David Brady and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 937 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty builds a common scholarly ground in the study of poverty by bringing together an international, inter-disciplinary group of scholars to provide their perspectives on the issue. Contributors engage in discussions about the leading theories and conceptual debates regarding poverty, the most salient topics in poverty research, and the far-reaching consequences of poverty on the individual and societal level.

The Undeserving Rich

Author : Leslie McCall
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107355230
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis The Undeserving Rich by : Leslie McCall

Download or read book The Undeserving Rich written by Leslie McCall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-29 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely assumed that Americans care little about income inequality, believe opportunities abound, admire the rich, and dislike redistributive policies. Leslie McCall contends that such assumptions are based on both incomplete survey data and economic conditions of the past and not present. In fact, Americans have desired less inequality for decades, and McCall's book explains why. Americans become most concerned about inequality in times of inequitable growth, when they view the rich as prospering while opportunities for good jobs, fair pay and high quality education are restricted for everyone else. As a result, they favor policies to expand opportunity and redistribute earnings in the workplace, reducing inequality in the market rather than redistributing income after the fact with tax and spending policies. This book resolves the paradox of how Americans can express little enthusiasm for welfare state policies and still yearn for a more equitable society, and forwards a new model of preferences about income inequality rooted in labor market opportunities rather than welfare state policies.

A Theory of System Justification

Author : John T. Jost
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0674244656
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (742 download)

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Book Synopsis A Theory of System Justification by : John T. Jost

Download or read book A Theory of System Justification written by John T. Jost and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychologist John Jost has spent decades researching poor people who vote for policies of inequality and women who think men deserve higher salaries. He argues that the persecuted often justify and defend the very social systems that oppress them because doing so serves a fundamental need for certainty, security, and social acceptance.

The Course of French History

Author : Pierre Goubert
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113491928X
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis The Course of French History by : Pierre Goubert

Download or read book The Course of French History written by Pierre Goubert and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PUBLICITY TITLE

The Divine Economy

Author : Paul Seabright
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691258783
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis The Divine Economy by : Paul Seabright

Download or read book The Divine Economy written by Paul Seabright and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2024-05-14 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel economic interpretation of how religions have become so powerful in the modern world Religion in the twenty-first century is alive and well across the world, despite its apparent decline in North America and parts of Europe. Vigorous competition between and within religious movements has led to their accumulating great power and wealth. Religions in many traditions have honed their competitive strategies over thousands of years. Today, they are big business; like businesses, they must recruit, raise funds, disburse budgets, manage facilities, organize transportation, motivate employees, and get their message out. In The Divine Economy, economist Paul Seabright argues that religious movements are a special kind of business: they are platforms, bringing together communities of members who seek many different things from one another—spiritual fulfilment, friendship and marriage networks, even business opportunities. Their function as platforms, he contends, is what has allowed religions to consolidate and wield power. This power can be used for good, especially when religious movements provide their members with insurance against the shocks of modern life, and a sense of worth in their communities. It can also be used for harm: political leaders often instrumentalize religious movements for authoritarian ends, and religious leaders can exploit the trust of members to inflict sexual, emotional, financial or physical abuse, or to provoke violence against outsiders. Writing in a nonpartisan spirit, Seabright uses insights from economics to show how religion and secular society can work together in a world where some people feel no need for religion, but many continue to respond with enthusiasm to its call.

Racism, Xenophobia, and Distribution

Author : John E. Roemer
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674024953
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (249 download)

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Book Synopsis Racism, Xenophobia, and Distribution by : John E. Roemer

Download or read book Racism, Xenophobia, and Distribution written by John E. Roemer and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conservative politicians in the last thirty years have capitalized on voters' resentment of ethnic minorities to win votes and undermine government aid to the poor. Racism, Xenophobia, and Distribution offers a theoretical model to calculate the effect of voters' attitudes about race and immigration on political parties' stances.

Moving Out of Poverty

Author : Deepa Narayan
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821372165
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Moving Out of Poverty by : Deepa Narayan

Download or read book Moving Out of Poverty written by Deepa Narayan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-03-25 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'No matter if I fall, I get up again. If I fall 5,000 times, I will stand up another 5,000 times.' -- William, a 37-year-old from El Gorri n, Colombia Why and how do some people move out of poverty and stay out while others remain trapped? Most books on growth and poverty reduction are dominated by the perspectives of policy makers and academic experts. In contrast, 'Moving Out of Poverty: Success from the Bottom Up' presents the experiences of poor people who have made it out of poverty. The book's findings draw from the Moving Out of Poverty research conducted in communities in 15 countries in Africa, East Asia, Latin America, and South Asia. The authors synthesize the results of qualitative and quantitative research based on discussions with over 60,000 people in rural areas. They offer bottom-up perspectives on the processes and local institutions that play key roles in escapes from poverty. The study finds that there are no differences in the initiatives taken by the poor, the rich, and the upwardly mobile. What, then, explains the difference in outcomes? The authors demonstrate how in the face of deep social inequalities that block access to economic opportunities and local democracies individual initiative and empowerment by themselves are often not enough to escape poverty. This book will be of interest to all concerned with equity in an increasingly unequal world.

Nordic Economic Policy Review

Author : Andersen, Torben M.
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
ISBN 13 : 9289344520
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (893 download)

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Book Synopsis Nordic Economic Policy Review by : Andersen, Torben M.

Download or read book Nordic Economic Policy Review written by Andersen, Torben M. and published by Nordic Council of Ministers. This book was released on 2016-02-09 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nordic Economic Policy Review is published by the Nordic Council of Ministers. This year’s issue is part of the Danish presidency programme for the Nordic Council of Ministers in 2015. The review addresses policy issues in a way that is useful for in-formed non-specialists as well as for professional economists. All articles are commissioned from leading professional economists and are subject to peer review prior to publication. The review appears once a year. It is published electronically on the website of the Nordic Council of Ministers: www.norden.org/en. On that website, you can also order paper copies of the Review (enter the name of the Review in the search field, and you will find all the information you need).

Reconsidering Culture and Poverty

Author : David Harding
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1412988977
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Reconsidering Culture and Poverty by : David Harding

Download or read book Reconsidering Culture and Poverty written by David Harding and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2010-06-08 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Culture has returned to the poverty research agenda. Over the past decade, sociologists, demographers, and even economists have begun asking questions about the role of culture in many aspects of poverty, at times even explaining the behavior of low-income populations in reference to cultural factors. Unlike their predecessors, contemporary researchers rarely claim that culture will sustain itself for multiple generations regardless of structural changes, and they almost never use the term "pathology," which implied in an earlier era that people would cease to be poor if they changed their culture. The new generation of scholars conceives of culture in substantially different ways. In this latest issue of the ANNALS, readers are treated to thought-provoking articles that attempt to bridge the gap between poverty and culture scholarship, highlighting new trends in poverty research. This volume is vital reading, not only for sociologists but also for researchers across the social sciences as a whole.

Psychological Aspects of Social Axioms

Author : Kwok Leung
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387098100
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychological Aspects of Social Axioms by : Kwok Leung

Download or read book Psychological Aspects of Social Axioms written by Kwok Leung and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-29 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans are surrounded by trillions of stimuli. Their eyes, for instance, can discriminate 7,500,000 colors. But, there is a severe limitation in the number of discriminably different stimuli that they can process at one time. George Miller argued that they can handle no more than seven, plus or minus two independent pieces of information at any given time. Thus, necessarily they must develop ways to simplify the task of processing the information that exists in their environment. They do this in many ways. One way is to select the stimuli that are most imp- tant in their lives, what are often called values. Another way is to chunk stimuli by linking them to each other, so they form bundles of stimuli that can be processed as if they are one entity. Generalized expectancies of what is linked with what are beliefs, and these beliefs are structured into bundles (see Triandis, 1972).

Ideology and Mass Killing

Author : Jonathan Leader Maynard
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019108266X
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Ideology and Mass Killing by : Jonathan Leader Maynard

Download or read book Ideology and Mass Killing written by Jonathan Leader Maynard and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-26 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In research on 'mass killings' such as genocides and campaigns of state terror, the role of ideology is hotly debated. For some scholars, ideologies are crucial in providing the extremist goals and hatreds that motivate ideologically committed people to kill. But many other scholars are sceptical: contending that perpetrators of mass killing rarely seem ideologically committed, and that rational self-interest or powerful forms of social pressure are more important drivers of violence than ideology. In Ideology and Mass Killing, Jonathan Leader Maynard challenges both these prevailing views, advancing an alternative 'neo-ideological' perspective which systematically retheorises the key ideological foundations of large-scale violence against civilians. Integrating cutting-edge research from multiple disciplines, including political science, political psychology, history and sociology, Ideology and Mass Killing demonstrates that ideological justifications vitally shape such violence in ways that go beyond deep ideological commitment. Most disturbingly of all, the key ideological foundations of mass killings are found to lie, not in extraordinary political goals or hatreds, but in radicalised versions of those conventional, widely accepted ideas that underpin the politics of security in ordinary societies across the world. This study then substantiates this account by a detailed examination of four contrasting cases of mass killing - Stalinist Repression in the Soviet Union between 1930 and 1938, the Allied Bombing Campaign against Germany and Japan in World War II from 1940 to 1945, mass atrocities in the Guatemalan Civil War between 1978 and 1983, and the Rwandan Genocide in 1994. This represents the first volume to offer a dedicated, comparative theory of ideology's role in mass killing, while also developing a powerful new account of how ideology affects violence and politics more generally.

Advances in the Economics of Religion

Author : Jean-Paul Carvalho
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319988484
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in the Economics of Religion by : Jean-Paul Carvalho

Download or read book Advances in the Economics of Religion written by Jean-Paul Carvalho and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-29 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection brings together expertise from around the globe to overview and debate key concepts and concerns in the economics of religion. While the economics of religion is a relatively new field of research in economics, economists have made and continue to make important contributions to the understanding of religion. There is much scope for economists to continue to make a significant contribution to debates about religion, including its implications for conflict, political economy, public goods, demography, education, finance, trade and economic growth.

Uneven Odds, Unequal Outcomes

Author : Nandini Krishnan
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464807876
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Uneven Odds, Unequal Outcomes by : Nandini Krishnan

Download or read book Uneven Odds, Unequal Outcomes written by Nandini Krishnan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-06-28 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceptions of eroding living standards and low life satisfaction are widespread in the Middle East and North Africa region today, along with pessimism about prospects for economic mobility. Conventional measures of economic well-being offer little in the way of explanation †“ in most countries in the region, extreme poverty is low and declining and economic inequality is lower than in other parts of the world. This book investigates possible reasons for this disconnect, focusing on the role played by inadequate and unequal access to opportunities to realize one’s aspirations for economic mobility. The inability of most countries in the region to meet the aspirations of citizens is closely linked to persistent weaknesses in the labor markets where the pace of job creation has been chronically below levels required to absorb the growing and increasingly better educated population. A high degree of segmentation in the labor markets also puts the youth and women in the region at a particular disadvantage. While labor markets are critical for mobility, opportunities and life paths can diverge even earlier in life if access to basic services in health, education and infrastructure are unequally distributed among children in their formative years. This book documents sharp disparities in the quality of services available to children of varying birth circumstances in the region. Although the most intense debates in development coalesce around inequality of income or wealth, the notion of inequality of opportunity has an intuitive appeal that can bridge ideological differences. By drawing attention to the notion of equality of opportunity to create a level playing field for all sections of society, the book highlights the need to critically examine the social contract and governance structures that guide the delivery of services and are instrumental for implementing necessary reforms to make labor markets more dynamic and equitable.

The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1349588024
Total Pages : 7493 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (495 download)

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Book Synopsis The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics by :

Download or read book The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics written by and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-18 with total page 7493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The award-winning The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd edition is now available as a dynamic online resource. Consisting of over 1,900 articles written by leading figures in the field including Nobel prize winners, this is the definitive scholarly reference work for a new generation of economists. Regularly updated! This product is a subscription based product.

Socialism

Author : Phillip J. Bryson
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
ISBN 13 : 1514414589
Total Pages : 842 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Socialism by : Phillip J. Bryson

Download or read book Socialism written by Phillip J. Bryson and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2015-10-09 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Socialism: Origins, Expansion, Decline, and Attempted Revival in the United States This book is an attempt to address all the important economic aspects of socialismthe concepts and theories, the historical attempts to implement socialist economic systems, and the endeavor to establish socialism in the United States. Part I reviews the origins and ideas of socialism, which reflect an aspiration radically to transform the market system, the great advantages of which were explained by Adam Smith. Part II reviews the establishment of Marxist-Leninist economic systems in the USSR and the East European countries. The movement featured central economic planning, which survived from the 1920s until about 1990; its failure was the attempt of statist organization to crush the market system and replace it with Stalinist command planning. Central planning was meticulously copied in the bloc countries of East Europe, in China, in India, and elsewhere. The national replications of central economic planning always produced the same disappointing, usually disastrous results. Efforts to reform the system always failed. Meanwhile, the democratic countries of Western Europe established socialist parties and policies, but in less than a century after Marx, the great hopes of socialism to achieve successful and productive nationalization of industries on the basis of a national economic plan had been recognized as unproductive and undesirable. Part III reviews the failed attempt to establish a viable socialist party in the United States. The real thrust toward socialism, originally launched by the New Deal of Roosevelt, came when Barak Obama, a thoroughly indoctrinated and dedicated socialist, ascended to the US presidency. This socialism is an attempt to expand income redistribution and social welfare policies and to pursue massive industrial regulation and unconstitutional interventions in the private sector. The implications of these policies are discussed together with the associated loss of market freedoms and personal liberties.