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Belarus Country Economic Memorandum
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Download or read book Belarus written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study updates the findings of a 1994 study on how the concepts of women in development and gender have evolved within the World Bank, and how Bank policies and lending reflect these concepts. Drawing from documentation including project documents, economic and sector work, and OED evaluations, this study analyzes the overall quality of lending in Fiscal 1994-95 for gender integration, compares it with that of complete projects, and reviews recent economic and sector work and country assistance strategies. The update calls for actions to ensure that gender concerns are addressed in ongoing work on social assessments, performance indicators, and guidance for implementation completion reports.
Author :International Monetary Fund. European Dept. Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1484333284 Total Pages :88 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (843 download)
Book Synopsis Republic of Belarus by : International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Download or read book Republic of Belarus written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-12-18 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper considers the relatively low level of diversification of Belarusian exports relative to peers, and barriers to higher export potential. Belarus faces different trade regimes vis-à-vis its largest trading partner, Russia, in the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU); and its second-largest, the European Union (EU). The paper discusses tariff and nontariff barriers within the EEU; the more restrictive trade relations with the EU; and other potential barriers to trade, including logistics and limited trade facilitation. WTO accession would help improve export competitiveness. Further EEU integration could also boost trade potential, but with the attendant risk that trading links become more concentrated rather than diversified. Belarus’s largest revealed comparative advantages are in areas where it is difficult to move into new products. Belarus’s trade patterns are significantly more concentrated than those of peer countries. Belarus has lowered tariffs in recent years, including in the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU).
Author :International Monetary Fund Publisher :International Monetary Fund ISBN 13 :1451805047 Total Pages :144 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (518 download)
Book Synopsis Belarus by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Belarus written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2000-01-04 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In pursuing their economic policy, the authorities have taken advantage of the existence of excess industrial capacity and have relied on price and exchange controls in an attempt to contain inflation pressures. In spite of strong financial support, agriculture performed poorly during 1998, as a result of inclement weather conditions, lack of financial incentives to producers, and aging harvesting equipment. Industrial production expanded at an annual rate of 10 percent, and investment, at a rate of 51/2 percent.
Book Synopsis Belarus under Lukashenka by : Matthew Frear
Download or read book Belarus under Lukashenka written by Matthew Frear and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the nature of the regime of Aliaksandr Lukashenka, who has ruled Belarus since 1994, and who is often characterized as "the last dictator in Europe". It discusses how Lukashenka came to power, providing a survey of politics in Belarus in early post-Soviet times, examines how power became personalized under his regime, and considers how he coerced opponents, whilst maintaining good popular support. The book discusses all aspects of politics, including presidential power, the ruling elites, elections, the opposition, and civil society. The author characterizes Lukashenka’s rule as "adaptive authoritarianism", and demonstrates how the regime’s avoidance of any ideology, even nationalism, permits great freedom of manoeuvre, enabling pragmatic adaptation to changing circumstances.
Book Synopsis Republic of Belarus by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Republic of Belarus written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-05-17 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Selected Issues Paper presents an analysis of Belarus-specific conditions and cross-country research, and proposes a roadmap for real-sector reforms. It highlights distortions resulting from the government’s interference in the economy, and presents an overview of economic benefits of deregulation, labor market liberalization, and enterprise reform. The paper also provides estimates of potential gains for Belarus from conducting structural reforms, and offers a blueprint for restructuring while minimizing the risks of resource dislocation.
Book Synopsis Europe and Central Asia Economic Update, Spring 2024 by : The World Bank
Download or read book Europe and Central Asia Economic Update, Spring 2024 written by The World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2024-04-11 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic activity in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region is expected to remain resilient but slow this year as a weaker global economy, slowdown in China, and lower commodity prices weigh on the region's growth outlook. Regional growth is likely to drop to 2.8 percent in 2024, following substantial strengthening to 3.3 percent last year because of a shift from contraction to expansion in the Russian Federation and war-hit Ukraine, and a more robust recovery in Central Asia. Regional output growth is projected to moderate further to 2.6 percent in 2025. The outlook faces multiple headwinds. A slower-than-expected recovery in key trading partners, restrictive monetary policies, and exacerbation of geopolitical developments could further dampen growth across the region. Weak productivity growth in ECA in the recent decade has resulted in a sharp slowdown in income convergence with advanced economies. Fundamental drivers of productivity growth, including progress in advancing institutional and market reforms, technology adoption, and innovation, are key for enabling private sector-led growth. Boosting business dynamism in ECA will require addressing several challenges, including upgrading the competitive environment, reducing state involvement in the economy, dramatically boosting the quality of education, and strengthening the availability of finance. While meeting these challenges will look different across countries, addressing them is an essential condition to achieve stronger economic growth and overcome the middle-income trap.
Book Synopsis The A to Z of Belarus by : Vitali Silitski
Download or read book The A to Z of Belarus written by Vitali Silitski and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2010-04-07 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The political map of Eastern Europe changed dramatically in December 1991 when the leaders of Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine huddled together in a Bielavieza Forest retreat and decided to dissolve the 15 union republics, which composed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). One of those republics was the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR). A United Nations member since 1945, Belarus has a rich cultural heritage that is seen as a promising base for the development of a solid national identity and for real independence. It is this cultural heritage and sense of history that nourish the ongoing efforts of the nationalist minority, as well as the larger democratic opposition, to resist the regime of President Alaksandr Luka?enka who is bent on restoring ties to Russia. Thus Belarus, with its burdens of the past and potential for the future, finds itself in a struggle that will affect not only its own destiny, but also the international structure of Eastern Europe. The A to Z of Belarus—through its chronology, introductory essays, appendixes, map, bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on important persons, places, events, and institutions and significant political, economic, social, and cultural aspects—traces Belarus' history and provides a compass for the direction the country is heading.
Book Synopsis The Republic of Belarus by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book The Republic of Belarus written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-09-13 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Belarus was experiencing an economic crisis after the expiration of a Stand-By Arrangement in March 2010. Its policies were loosened significantly, and consequently the account deficit increased and pressure on reserves intensified. The authorities agreed with the Eurasian Economic Community’s Anti-Crisis Fund (ACF), which announced measures including tightening of macroeconomic policies and structural reforms. Executive Directors urged the authorities to restore external stability through further fiscal and monetary policy tightening. Directors stressed that the financial support will require demonstrated commitment to strong policies and structural reforms.
Book Synopsis Varieties of Capitalism in Post-Communist Countries by : D. Lane
Download or read book Varieties of Capitalism in Post-Communist Countries written by D. Lane and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-23 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sets the experiences of former communist countries as they head towards capitalism against the 'varieties of capitalism' paradigm, and provides a framework for comparing transformation processes, demonstrating how differing heritages of communist and pre-communist pasts are leading to different kinds of capitalist economies.
Book Synopsis Belarus: Oil, Gas, Transit Pipelines and Russian Foreign Energy Policy by : Margarita M. Balmaceda
Download or read book Belarus: Oil, Gas, Transit Pipelines and Russian Foreign Energy Policy written by Margarita M. Balmaceda and published by GMB Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2006 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Belarus relies on Russia for about 85% of its total energy needs, while Russia needs Belarus' oil and gas pipelines to export its supplies to Western Europe. How will energy exports from Russia and Belarus' transit capabilities impact Western Europe if this interdependent relationship ends, either through political changes in Belarus or if Russia ends its energy subsidies to Belarus? This report looks at transit, infrastructure and investment issues and analyzes both the state of the current infrastructure, as well as the possibilities this transit opens to Western investors, particularly as the Yamal Pipeline nears completion. In addition, it looks at the current conflict between Belarus and Russian investors for control of the country's gas transit system and oil refineries. This series of reports establishes for the first time the confluence of Russian foreign policy with the acquisition of foreign energy assets by Russian entities. Nine specific country profiles focus on the oil, gas, electricity and nuclear power industries. Each report written by an author of international standing, explains how Russian foreign energy downstream mergers and acquisitions are transpiring to consolidate the new Russian empire.
Download or read book Averting the Old Age Crisis written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This policy-oriented book identifies the issues countries should consider as they reevaluate their old income security policies and formulate new methods. The choice between the various models for providing old-age security has broad implications for the operation of labor and capital markets, the fiscal system, and the level, growth, and distribution of GNP. The author concludes that a mixed strategy is more effective than any single method of income security. This will be an important book for international economists and policymakers.
Book Synopsis Return to Growth in CIS Countries by : Lúcio Vinhas de Souza
Download or read book Return to Growth in CIS Countries written by Lúcio Vinhas de Souza and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-29 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to analyse specific sets of macro and structural policies in selected Eastern European countries. The book includes studies on the major Western CIS countries, Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, plus a set of cross-country and regional studies. The analysis in this book contributes importantly to the discussion about the economic prospects of the CIS countries.
Author :Hans-Georg Heinrich Publisher :Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften ISBN 13 : Total Pages :412 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 ( download)
Download or read book Belarus written by Hans-Georg Heinrich and published by Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften. This book was released on 2009 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a synopsis of various perspectives as well as a trans-boundary and interdisciplinary analysis of the Belarusian model. It is the result of a dialogue among authors who, for various reasons, take a supportive or critical approach towards the present regime. Their views are supplemented by contributions written by authors from neighboring countries. The findings support the thesis that Belarusian society, economy and the political system have begun to adapt to the new challenges the country faces. This study marks an important step forward in the analysis of the intractable Belarusian model and helps to identify its unique and ephemeral features.
Book Synopsis Politics of Energy Dependency by : Margarita M. Balmaceda
Download or read book Politics of Energy Dependency written by Margarita M. Balmaceda and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2014-01-31 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy has been an important element in Moscow’s quest to exert power and influence in its surrounding areas both before and after the collapse of the USSR. With their political independence in 1991, Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania also became, virtually overnight, separate energy-poor entities heavily dependent on Russia. This increasingly costly dependency – and elites’ scrambling over associated profits – came to crucially affect not only relations with Russia, but the very nature of post-independence state building. The Politics of Energy Dependency explores why these states were unable to move towards energy diversification. Through extensive field research using previously untapped local-language sources, Margarita M. Balmaceda reveals a complex picture of local elites dealing with the complications of energy dependency and, in the process, affecting the energy security of Europe as a whole. A must-read for anyone interested in Eastern Europe, Russia, and the politics of natural resources, this book reveals the insights gained by looking at post-Soviet development and international relations issues not only from a Moscow-centered perspective, but from that of individual actors in other states.
Book Synopsis Shifting responsibility for social services as enterprises privatize in Belarus by : David Sewell
Download or read book Shifting responsibility for social services as enterprises privatize in Belarus written by David Sewell and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary Belarus by : Bruno S. Sergi
Download or read book Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary Belarus written by Bruno S. Sergi and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2019-11-08 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1991, the eyes of the world have been on the economic growth and development of the states that formerly made up the Soviet Union. Looking at Belarus’s industrial structure, economic growth, and economic prospects, this edited collection analyses why Belarus is considered ahead of many of its neighbour states in terms of human development.
Book Synopsis Diversified Development by : Indermit S. Gill
Download or read book Diversified Development written by Indermit S. Gill and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eurasian economies have to become efficient more productive, job-creating, and stable. But efficiency is not the same as diversification. Governments need to worry less about the composition of exports and production and more about asset portfolios natural resources, built capital, and economic institutions.
