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Baumgartens Philosophical Ethics
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Book Synopsis Baumgarten’s Philosophical Ethics by : Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten
Download or read book Baumgarten’s Philosophical Ethics written by Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-12-14 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alexander Baumgarten's Ethica Philosophica (1740) served as a chief textbook of philosophical instruction in German universities for several decades, and was used by Immanuel Kant for his lectures on moral philosophy between 1759 and 1794. Now translated into English for the first time, John Hymers explores the extent of Baumgarten's influence on the development of German philosophy. Accompanied by an introduction to Baumgarten and his work, this translation features an explanation of the main themes of the Ethica Philosophica, touching upon its relation to Christian Wolff and G.F. Meier's practical philosophy, but focusing especially on its role in Kant's lectures. First-time translations of elucidatory passages from the writings of Meier, Wolff, and Heinrich Köhler appear together with the relevant transcriptions of Kant's lectures on ethics. Based on a thorough knowledge of the original text, Hymers' clear translation and supporting material makes it possible to distinguish Kant's own remarks and insights from his attempts to expound and summarize Baumgarten's ideas. This is a much-needed contribution for anyone working in the history of modern philosophy.
Book Synopsis Baumgarten and Kant on Metaphysics by : Courtney D. Fugate
Download or read book Baumgarten and Kant on Metaphysics written by Courtney D. Fugate and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the metaphysics of Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714-1762) and its decisive influence on Immanuel Kant. For over a century, scholars have recognized the significance of Baumgarten's Metaphysics, both because of its impact on Kant's intellectual development, and because of the way it fundamentally informed the work of generations of German philosophers, including Moses Mendelssohn, Thomas Abbt, Johann Gottfried Herder, Solomon Maimon, Johann August Eberhard, and arguably even Georg Friedrich Hegel. However, Baumgarten's Metaphysics has only recently become available in reliable German and English translations, so that many scholars have been excluded from the discussion and the significance of Baumgarten's work has remained largely unexplored. Thus with the appearance of these translations, interest in Baumgarten's work has surged among both. This volume aims to provide an anchor for this emerging discussion by presenting specially written essays by some of the scholars most responsible for Baumgarten's current reputation, together with some of the best young scholars in this emerging field.
Book Synopsis Baumgarten's Elements of First Practical Philosophy by : Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten
Download or read book Baumgarten's Elements of First Practical Philosophy written by Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-05-14 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the first English translation of Alexander Baumgarten's Initia Philosophiae Practicae Primae, the textbook Kant used in his lectures on moral philosophy. Originally published in Latin in 1760, the Initia contains a systematic, but original version of the universal practical philosophy first articulated by Christian Wolff. In his personal copy, Kant penned hundreds of pages of notes and sketches that document his relation to this earlier tradition. Translating these extensive elucidations into English, together with Kant's notes on the text, this translation offers a complete resource to Kant's reading of the Initia. To facilitate further study, first-time translations of elucidatory passages from G. F. Meier and Wolff are also included, alongside a German-English-Latin glossary. The translators' introduction provides a biography of Baumgarten, a discussion of the importance of the Initia, its relation to Wolff's and Meier's universal practical philosophy and its role in Kant's lectures. By shedding new light on the arguments of Kant's mature works and offering insights into his pre-Critical moral thought, Elements of First Practical Philosophy reveals why Baumgarten's work is essential for understanding the background to Kant's philosophy.
Book Synopsis Metaphysics by : Alexander Baumgarten
Download or read book Metaphysics written by Alexander Baumgarten and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alexander Baumgarten (1714-1762), an influential German philosopher preceding Immanuel Kant, is remembered mainly as a founder of modern aesthetics. Yet his manual on metaphysics was one of the chief textbooks of philosophical instruction in latter 18th-Century Germany. Originally published in Latin, Kant used the Metaphysics for nearly four decades as the basis for lectures on metaphysics, anthropology and religion. Kant composed many of the preparatory sketches for the Critique of Pure Reason in the blank interleaved pages of his personal copy. Available for the first time in English, this critical translation draws from the original seven Latin editions and Georg Friedrich Meier’s 18th-century German translation. Together with a historical and philosophical introduction, extensive glossaries and notes, the text is supported by translations of Kant’s elucidations and notes, Eberhard’s insertions in the 1783 German edition and texts from the writings of Meier and Wolff. For scholars of Kant, the German Enlightenment and the history of metaphysics, Alexander Baumgarten’s Metaphysics is an essential, authoritative resource to a significant philosophical text.
Book Synopsis Baumgarten's Elements of First Practical Philosophy by : Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten
Download or read book Baumgarten's Elements of First Practical Philosophy written by Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2020-05-14 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the first English translation of Alexander Baumgarten's Initia Philosophiae Practicae Primae, the textbook Kant used in his lectures on moral philosophy. Originally published in Latin in 1760, the Initia contains a systematic, but original version of the universal practical philosophy first articulated by Christian Wolff. In his personal copy, Kant penned hundreds of pages of notes and sketches that document his relation to this earlier tradition. Translating these extensive elucidations into English, together with Kant's notes on the text, this translation offers a complete resource to Kant's reading of the Initia. To facilitate further study, first-time translations of elucidatory passages from G. F. Meier and Wolff are also included, alongside a German-English-Latin glossary. The translators' introduction provides a biography of Baumgarten, a discussion of the importance of the Initia, its relation to Wolff's and Meier's universal practical philosophy and its role in Kant's lectures. By shedding new light on the arguments of Kant's mature works and offering insights into his pre-Critical moral thought, Elements of First Practical Philosophy reveals why Baumgarten's work is essential for understanding the background to Kant's philosophy.
Book Synopsis Baumgarten and Kant on the Foundations of Practical Philosophy by : Courtney D. Fugate
Download or read book Baumgarten and Kant on the Foundations of Practical Philosophy written by Courtney D. Fugate and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-07-09 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last two decades, scholarship on Kant and modern German philosophy has become increasingly focused on understanding their historical roots. Central to this development is the work of Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714-62), whose textbooks profoundly influenced later generations of German philosophers. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), in particular, lectured from Baumgarten's textbooks, including those on moral and legal philosophy, for well over thirty years. Following the recent English translation of Baumgarten's key works, this volume is the first comprehensive reappraisal of the relationship between his and Kant's thoughts on the grounding principles of moral philosophy. The chapters--all written by leading researchers who have shaped or are now reshaping the field--cover the whole range of key concepts in the foundations of practical philosophy: obligation, law, goodness, motivation, imputation, conscience, the relationship between ethics and right, and many more. Later chapters provide a comparative look at Kant's and Baumgarten's place within the wider tradition of natural law. Scholars familiar with the field will discover new perspectives on well-received findings, while newcomers will find a comprehensive introduction to the key topics and debates of current research.
Download or read book Facing Poetry written by Frauke Berndt and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-10-12 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714–1762) is known in intellectual history for having established the discourse of philosophical aesthetics with his "Meditationes philosophicae de nonnullis ad poema pertinentibus" (Reflections on Poetry) and "Aesthetica" (Aesthetics), which consists of two books and is considered Baumgarten’s most important work. But this book amends that history. It shows that Baumgarten's aesthetics is a science of literature that demonstrates the value of literature to philosophy. Baumgarten did not intend to pursue such a task, but in working on his philosophical texts and lectures, he ends up analyzing, synthesizing, and contextualizing literature. He thereby treats it not as belles lettres or as a moral institution but rather as an epistemic object. His aesthetics is thus the first modern literary theory, and his articulation of this theory would never again be matched in its complexity and systematicity. Baumgarten’s theory of literature has never been discovered. It waits latently to take its place in intellectual history.
Book Synopsis Aesthetics, Theory and Interpretation of the Literary Work by : Paolo Euron
Download or read book Aesthetics, Theory and Interpretation of the Literary Work written by Paolo Euron and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-08-12 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the reader to the literary work and to an understanding of its cultural background and its specific features. In doing so, it refers to two main traditions of Western culture: one of aesthetics and the theory of art and the other of literary theory. In our postmodern world, language and artistic creation (and above all literature as the art of language) occupy a special role in understanding the human world and become existential issues. A critical attitude requires knowledge of the relevant past in order to understand what we are today. The author presents key topics, ideas, and representatives of aesthetics, theory, and the interpretation of works of art in an historical perspective, in order to explain the Western tradition with constant attention to the present condition. Aesthetics, Theory and Interpretation of the Literary Work offers an outline of essential concepts and authors of aesthetics and theories of the literary work, presenting basic topics and ideas in their historical context and development, considering their relevance to the contemporary debate, and highlighting the specificity of the experience of the art work in our present world. The best way to approach a work of art is to enjoy it. In order to enjoy a literary work, we have to consider its correct context and its specific artistic qualities. The book is conceived as a general and enjoyable introduction to the experience of the work of art in Western culture. See inside the book.
Book Synopsis Baumgarten's Aesthetics by : J. Colin McQuillan
Download or read book Baumgarten's Aesthetics written by J. Colin McQuillan and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2021-07-07 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The German philosopher Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (1714–1762) introduced “aesthetics” as a new science in his Reflections on Poetry (1735) and developed this new part of philosophy in a series of later works, culminating in his unfinished Aesthetics (1750/1758). This volume is the first collection of essays in the English language devoted to Baumgarten’s aesthetics. The essays highlight the distinguishing features of Baumgarten’s aesthetics, situate it in its historical context, document its reception, and examine its contributions to contemporary philosophy.
Book Synopsis Kant's Lectures on Ethics by : Lara Denis
Download or read book Kant's Lectures on Ethics written by Lara Denis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book devoted to an examination of Kant's lectures on ethics, which provide a unique and revealing perspective on the development of his views. In fifteen newly commissioned essays, leading Kant scholars discuss four sets of student notes reflecting different periods of Kant's career: those taken by Herder (1762–4), Collins (mid-1770s), Mrongovius (1784–5) and Vigilantius (1793–4). The essays cover a diverse range of topics, from the relation between Kant's lectures and the Baumgarten textbooks, to obligation, virtue, love, the highest good, freedom, the categorical imperative, moral motivation and religion. Together they provide the reader with a deeper and fuller understanding of the evolution of Kant's moral thought. The volume will be of interest to a range of readers in Kant studies, ethics, political philosophy, religious studies and the history of ideas.
Book Synopsis Baumgarten’s Legacy in Kant’s Ethics by : Toshiro Osawa
Download or read book Baumgarten’s Legacy in Kant’s Ethics written by Toshiro Osawa and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-10-28 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers the first substantial account of Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten’s significant influence on Kant’s ethics. Arguing that Baumgarten’s impact is more extensive and profound than previously thought, the book provides a novel interpretation of the formation of Kant’s ethical framework. Scholars have made use of Baumgarten’s Ethica philosophica (1740) to elucidate Kant’s complex terminology and to provide a background against which to understand Kant’s nuanced relationship to his predecessors. To date, however, no English book explores the specific influence of Baumgarten’s Ethica on Kant. This book comments on passages from the Ethica and contrasts them with Kant’s treatment of the same concepts, topics, and questions in his ethics. Notably, Baumgarten articulates ethics around the concept of duty and the principle of perfection, leading to his version of the categorical imperative: ‘perfect yourself’. While Kant rejects this ethical framework, it is evident that he directly adopts Baumgarten’s ideas and critiques them at the same time. Each chapter examines a major topic: the relationship between religion and ethics, duties to oneself, duties to others, duties in particular cases, and the relationship between ethics and political philosophy. Baumgarten’s Legacy in Kant’s Ethics is an essential resource for scholars and advanced students working on Kant, 18th-century philosophy, and the history of ethics.
Book Synopsis The Court of Reason by : Beatrix Himmelmann
Download or read book The Court of Reason written by Beatrix Himmelmann and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-11-08 with total page 2064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Proceedings present the contributions to the 13th International Kant Congress which was held at the University of Oslo, August 6-9, 2019. The congress, which hosted speakers from more than thirty countries and five continents, was dedicated to the topic of the court of reason. The idea that reason stands before itself as a tribunal characterizes the whole of Kant's critical project. Without such a court, reason falls into conflict with itself. With such a court in place, however, it may succeed in establishing the possibility and limits of metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, law and science. The idea of reason being its own judge is not only pivotal to a proper understanding of Kant's philosophy, but can also shed light on the burgeoning fields of meta-philosophy and philosophical methodology. The 2019 Kant Congress put special emphasis on Kant's methodology, his account of conceptual critique, and the relevance of his ideas to current issues in especially political philosophy and the philosophy of law. Additional sections discussed a wide range of topics in Kant's philosophy. The Proceedings will provide anyone who is interested in exploring the variety of present-day work on Kant and Kantian themes with a wealth of fruitful inspiration.
Book Synopsis The Founding of Aesthetics in the German Enlightenment by : Stefanie Buchenau
Download or read book The Founding of Aesthetics in the German Enlightenment written by Stefanie Buchenau and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-02-28 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When, in 1735, Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten added a new discipline to the philosophical system, he not only founded modern aesthetics but also contributed to shaping the modern concept of art or 'fine art'. In The Founding of Aesthetics in the German Enlightenment, Stefanie Buchenau offers a rich analysis and reconstruction of the origins of this new discipline in its wider context of German Enlightenment philosophy. Present-day scholars commonly regard Baumgarten's views as an imperfect prefiguration of Kantian and post-Kantian aesthetics, but Buchenau argues that Baumgarten defended a consistent and original project which must be viewed in the context of the modern debate on the art of invention. Her book offers new perspectives on Kantian aesthetics and beauty in art and science.
Book Synopsis The Emergence of Modern Aesthetic Theory by : Simon Grote
Download or read book The Emergence of Modern Aesthetic Theory written by Simon Grote and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-10-26 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new study of eighteenth-century aesthetic theory situates it in theological contexts that are crucial to explaining why it arose.
Book Synopsis Art and Ethical Criticism by : Garry L. Hagberg
Download or read book Art and Ethical Criticism written by Garry L. Hagberg and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-10-18 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through a series of essays, Art and Ethical Criticism explores the complex relationship between the arts and morality. Reflects the importance of a moral life of engagement with works of art Forms part of the prestigious New Directions in Aesthetics series, which confronts the most intriguing problems in aesthetics and the philosophy of art today
Book Synopsis Force:A Fundamental Concept of Aesthetic Anthropology by : Christoph Menke
Download or read book Force:A Fundamental Concept of Aesthetic Anthropology written by Christoph Menke and published by Fordham Univ Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book aims at a new exposition of the basic idea of modern aesthetics by way of a reconstruction of its genesis in the 18th century, between Baumgarten''s Aesthetics and Kant''s Critique of Judgment. The claim is that the historical invention of aesthetics was not about expanding the range of legitimate objects of philosophical inquiry--these objects all existed before aesthetics. Rather, aesthetics, by introducing the category of the "aesthetic," fundamentally redefined these objects. But most importantly, the reconstruction of the historical genesis of aesthetics shows that the introduction of the category of the "aesthetic" required nothing less than a transformation of the fundamental terms of philosophy. What begins in--or as--aesthetics is modern philosophy. More precisely, Force shows that in--or as--aesthetics modern philosophy began twice, in two different, even opposite forms. On the one hand, Baumgarten''s Aesthetics is organized around the new concept of the "subject": the concept of the subject as the totality of faculties, as the agent defined by his capabilities; of the subject as one who is able. By conceiving sensible cognition and (re)presentation as the exercise of subjective faculties acquired in practice, Baumgarten has framed the modern conception of human practices (and of philosophy as the inquiry into the conditions that enable the success of these practices). That is why aesthetics, the reflection upon the aesthetic, is a central pillar of modern philosophy: in aesthetics, the philosophy of the subject or of the subject''s faculties assures itself of its own possibility. Yet here, in the aesthetic and the reflection on it, the aesthetics "in the Baumgartian manner" (Herder), as the theory of the sensible faculties of the subject, at once faces a different aesthetics: the aesthetics of force, which conceives the aesthetic not as sensible cognition but instead as a play of expression--propelled by a force that, rather than being exercised, like a faculty, in practices, realizes itself; a force that does not recognize or represent anything because it is "obscure" and unconscious; a force not of the subject but of man as distinct from the same man as subject. The aesthetics of force is a science of the nature of man: of his aesthetic nature as distinct from the culture, acquired by practice, of his practices. That is the hypothesis the six chapters of Force intend to unfold. The first chapter, analyzing the rationalist concept of the sensible, recollects the point of departure of aesthetics: the sensible is that which is without determinable definition or measure. The second chapter reconstructs Baumgarten''s aesthetics of sensible cognition as a theory of the subject and its faculties. The third and fourth chapters draw on writings by Herder, Sulzer, and Mendelssohn to develop the basic motifs of a counter-model, an aesthetics of force: the aesthetic, as the operation of an "obscure" force, is a performance without generality, divorced from all norm, law, and purpose--a play. And the aesthetic, as the pleasure of self-reflection, is a process of the transformation of the subject, of its faculties and practices--a process of aestheticization. The aesthetics of force founds an anthropology of difference: between force and faculty, between man and subject. The two concluding chapters explore the consequences: for the idea of philosophical aesthetics; and for ethics as the theory of the good. The fifth chapter engages Kant to show that an aesthetics conceived as an aesthetics of force is the scene of an irresolvable contention: aesthetics unfolds within philosophy the contention between philosophy and aesthetic experience. The sixth chapter draws on Nietzsche to demonstrate the ethical import of aesthetic experience as the experience of the play of force: it teaches us to distinguish between action and life; it teaches the other good of life. - "The last word of aesthetics is human freedom."
Book Synopsis Kant's Observations and Remarks by : Susan Meld Shell
Download or read book Kant's Observations and Remarks written by Susan Meld Shell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-24 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kant's Observations of 1764 and Remarks of 1764-5 (a set of fragments written in the margins of his copy of the Observations) document a crucial turning point in his life and thought. Both reveal the growing importance for him of ethics, anthropology and politics, but with an important difference. The Observations attempts to observe human nature directly. The Remarks, by contrast, reveals a revolution in Kant's thinking, largely inspired by Rousseau, who 'turned him around' by disclosing to Kant the idea of a 'state of freedom' (modelled on the state of nature) as a touchstone for his thinking. This and related thoughts anticipate such famous later doctrines as the categorical imperative. This collection of essays by leading Kant scholars illuminates the many and varied topics within these two rich works, including the emerging relations between theory and practice, ethics and anthropology, men and women, philosophy, history and the 'rights of man'.
