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Balanco De Gases De Efeito Estufa Em Areas De Producao De Cana De Acucar
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Book Synopsis Balanço de gases de efeito estufa em áreas de produção de cana-de-açúcar by : Selenobaldo Alexinaldo Cabral de Sant'Anna SANT'ANNA
Download or read book Balanço de gases de efeito estufa em áreas de produção de cana-de-açúcar written by Selenobaldo Alexinaldo Cabral de Sant'Anna SANT'ANNA and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :# Carlos Fernando Lemos # João Flávio De Oliveira # Nerilton Antonio Do Amaral # Wanderson Rodrigues Da Rocha # Publisher :Clube de Autores ISBN 13 : Total Pages :161 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis O Balanço De Carbono Na Produção De Cana-de-açucar by : # Carlos Fernando Lemos # João Flávio De Oliveira # Nerilton Antonio Do Amaral # Wanderson Rodrigues Da Rocha #
Download or read book O Balanço De Carbono Na Produção De Cana-de-açucar written by # Carlos Fernando Lemos # João Flávio De Oliveira # Nerilton Antonio Do Amaral # Wanderson Rodrigues Da Rocha # and published by Clube de Autores. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Em relação às Mudanças climáticas os cientistas de 100 países que compõem o Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC, 2007) concordam em que o aquecimento global já provoca mudanças no planeta. Segundo os relatórios, 1 bilhão de pessoas na Ásia são ameaçadas pelas secas ou enchentes e 175 milhões de crianças sofrerão todos os anos pela próxima década, 50 milhões a mais do que na última década. Embora o Brasil tenha uma matriz energética baseada em hidrelétricas, considerada mais limpa, o Brasil figura em 4º lugar entre os maiores emissores de gases estufa. O uso do fogo no sistema produtivo de cana-de-açúcar gera pontos negativos para a sociedade como um todo. As plantas utilizam a luz solar, através da fotossíntese, para fixar CO2 atmosférico numa vasta produção de biomassa, entretanto, ainda usamos uma pequena proporção desse carbono fixado para combustíveis, fibras e material de construção. A cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L., família Poaceae), uma planta C4 altamente eficiente, pode armazenar cerca de 1% da luz incidente em biomassa por ano. Ultimamente, devido a três fatores – aumento da emissão de CO2, baixa reserva de petróleo e aumento dos custos. O álcool não contribui para agravar o efeito estufa, uma vez que a cana-de-açúcar, ao crescer, absorve o carbono emitido na queima do álcool
Book Synopsis Biodiversity and Climate Change by : Frank Maes
Download or read book Biodiversity and Climate Change written by Frank Maes and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ŠToday, climate change is already highly impacting on biodiversity. This adds to existing stress on biodiversity. Current extinction rates are unprecedented in history. This book addresses the many legal issues involved from a variety of perspectives b
Book Synopsis Handbook of Bioenergy Economics and Policy: Volume II by : Madhu Khanna
Download or read book Handbook of Bioenergy Economics and Policy: Volume II written by Madhu Khanna and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-22 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its second volume, this book aims to link the academic research with development in the real world and provide a historical and institutional background that can enrich more formal research. The first section will include an assessment of the evolution and the state of the nascent second-generation biofuel as well as a perspective on the evolution of corn ethanol and sugarcane ethanol in Brazil. It will also include a historical and institutional background on the biofuel industry in Brazil that has global lessons, and later, provide a technical overview of major analytical tools used to assess the economic, land use and greenhouse gas implications of biofuel policies at a regional and global level. Additionally, the book analyzes the various drivers for land use change both at a micro-economic level and at a macro-economic level. It presents studies that apply regional and global economic models to examine the effects of biofuel policies in the US, EU and Brazil on regional and global land use, on food and fuel prices and greenhouse gas emissions. These papers illustrate the use of partial and general equilibrium modeling approaches to simulate the effects of various biofuel policies, and includes studies showing the effects of risk aversion, time preferences and liquidity constraints on farmers decision to grow energy crops for biofuel production. By presenting the tools of lifecycle analysis for assessing the direct greenhouse gas intensity of biofuels, this handbook investigates the types of indirect or market mediated effects that can offset or strengthen these direct effects. It will include tools to assess the direct and indirect effects of biofuel production on greenhouse gas emissions in the US and Brazil, and ultimately provide a comprehensive background to understand the state of biofuel in the present and how to analyze their implication.
Book Synopsis Liquid Biofuels: Emergence, Development and Prospects by : Sherrill Edwards
Download or read book Liquid Biofuels: Emergence, Development and Prospects written by Sherrill Edwards and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-03 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioenergy is coming to be seen as a priority on the international agenda, with the use of liquid biofuels a key strategy in the attempt to meet both the demand for environmental sustainability and the energy needs of countries. The growth in the production and use of biofuels around the world has led to increased interest and discussion about this subject. Given the dynamics of this phenomenon, the organizers of this book, based on more than 10 years experience of joint research on this subject, seek to address key issues relating to the production and marketing of liquid biofuels using the Brazilian experience with ethanol and biodiesel as an illustrative case, as well as the experiences of the leading producers and consumers of biofuels. The topics to be covered in this book include the role of public policies in fostering the emergence of the biofuels industry, the main socio-economic, environmental, technological aspects and the prospects for the sector. The conceptual and methodological bases that provide analytical support to the book are based on recent research published in indexed journals. The structure and content of the book seek to address some central issues regarding: How the biofuel industries have emerged and developed in different countries? What factors have been crucial to the success or failure of different production initiatives? What are the main socio-economic-environmental impacts of the production and consumption of liquid biofuels? How are national and international markets for liquid biofuels being structured? To what extent and/or in what conditions can the experiences and lessons learned at the national level be transferred and adapted in other countries? Finally, based on the scenarios, the prospects for liquid biofuels will be discussed.
Download or read book Biofuels written by Zhen Fang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-01-23 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book overviews social, economic, environmental and sustainable issues by the use of biofuels written by professionals. It should be of interest for students, researchers, scientists and technologists in biofuels.
Book Synopsis Sugarcane-based Bioethanol by : Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Brazil)
Download or read book Sugarcane-based Bioethanol written by Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Brazil) and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sugarcane Bioethanol by : Luís Augusto Barbosa Cortez
Download or read book Sugarcane Bioethanol written by Luís Augusto Barbosa Cortez and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Brazil, sugarcane ethanol supplied, in 2009, 17.6 % of the energy for land transportation (excluding railroads)and about 55% of the total energy supplied by liquid fuel for Otto cycle engines. Besides the lower production costs ethanol produced from sugarcane in Brazil has another important advantage: in Central-South Brazil only 1 unit of fossil energy is used for each 8-9 units of energy produced by ethanol from sugarcane. Carbon emissions reduction also benefits from sugarcane ethanol: for each cubic meter of ethanol used as fuel, there is net saving of around 2 t CO2 not emitted to the atmosphere while, at the same time, no SO2 is emitted. Sugarcane was introduced in Brazil in 1532. The "Brazilian model" of producing concomitantly sugar and ethanol, brought important technical benefits and made possible an outstanding increase in the competitiveness in the international market for sugar and ethanol. Today about 50% of the sucrose of sugarcane produced in the country is directed to the production of sugar while another half is used to produce Ethanol. Industrial and academic R&D has helped to increase the productivity of ethanol steadily over the past 35 years, at a rate of 3.2% per year. Productivity gains implied savings of planted area by a factor of 2.6. In 2009/2010 the area planted with sugarcane for Ethanol production was 4.2 Mha, amounting to 1% of the total arable land available in Brazil. About 60% of the Ethanol produced in Brazil comes from the State of Sao Paulo, where the productivity is the highest (around 86 t/ha.year). Most of the recent expansion is happening in the center-west region of the country, in degraded pasture lands. The FAPESP Program for Research on Bioenergy, BIOEN, aims at articulating public and private R&D, using academic and industrial laboratories to advance and apply knowledge in fields related to ethanol production in Brazil. The BIOEN Program has a solid core for supporting academic exploratory research activities that will generate new knowledge and form scientists and professionals essential for advancing industry capacity in ethanol related technologies. On top of this, BIOEN includes partnerships with industry for cooperative R&D activities between industrial and academic laboratories, which are to be co-funded by FAPESP and industry.Federal agencies, such as CNPq, will also co-fund the research.
Book Synopsis Energy Transition in Brazil by : Drielli Peyerl
Download or read book Energy Transition in Brazil written by Drielli Peyerl and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-16 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book's objective is to present the energy transition process in Brazil over time and offer new perspectives on this process in the eyes of a sustainable future. The book unfolds over 15 chapters covering historical, geopolitical, technological, and economical aspects, as well as aspects conceptually familiar to the energy transition such as public perception, low-carbon technologies, digitalization, Sustainable Development Goals, and even recent topics such as the pandemic of COVID-19. The Brazilian electricity and transport sectors and climate change governance are the main focus of this book. The paths taken throughout this book demonstrate the particularities of Brazil and present this country in a unique and differentiated way in terms of the various approaches to the energy transition. It is a book that brings a multidisciplinary, innovative vision and information published for the first time.
Book Synopsis Biofuels and the Sustainability Challenge by : Aziz Elbehri
Download or read book Biofuels and the Sustainability Challenge written by Aziz Elbehri and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2013 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofuels global emergence in the last two decades is met with increased concerns over climate change and sustainable development. This report addresses the core issue of biofuel sustainability of biofuels and related feedstocks, drawing from a wide range of sustainability related studies, reports, policy initiatives. The report critically examines the economic, environmental and social sustainability dimensions of biofuels and review the major certification initiatives, schemes and regulations. In doing so, the report relies on extensive review of a number of country case studies covering a broad range of current biofuel-feedstocks systems. The report analysis clearly distinguish feedstock efficiency (in terms of biofuel yields per unit of land) from sustainability, especially under limiting resource (irrigated water) or sensitive areas (carbon stocks). Also, long run economic viability depend on the future policy support, technical innovations in biofuel systems, economics of biofuel supply and demand and trade-offs between food and energy uses as well as feedstock productivity gains. Biofuels can present both advantages and risks for environmental sustainability; the latter being often difficult to measure or monitor and may conflict with economic sustainability unless great strides in productivity gains are achieved. Social sustainability is the weakest link in current biofuel certification schemes owing to intrinsic local factors and as efforts target more few negative social impacts; much less focus is placed on inclusive processes that strengthen marginal stockholders participation and benefits. Biofuel certification schemes need to be more smallholder inclusive, perhaps through policy initiatives. Finally, poor developing countries, especially with abundant land and biomass production potential, need to prioritise food security and poverty reduction. In many cases, biofuel models that encourage small scale integrated bioenergy systems may offer higher rural development impacts. FDI-induced larger-scale biofuel projects, on the other hand, may be suitable in those situations where countries have sufficient industrial capacity, besides land and biomass potential, and when these biofuel projects can be fully integrated into domestic energy strategies that do not conflict with food production potential and food security.
Book Synopsis The context of REDD+ in Mozambique: Drivers, agents and institutions by : Almeida Sitoe
Download or read book The context of REDD+ in Mozambique: Drivers, agents and institutions written by Almeida Sitoe and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication offers an overview of REDD+ strategy in Mozambique through a synthesis of the current knowledge about the causes of forest carbon changes, a review of the legal and institutional context, and a description of the current political process of REDD+. The objective of the study is to collate data and relevant information, and to offer a preliminary analysis of the fundamental aspects that can help promote efficiency, efficacy, and equity in REDD+ policy. Specifically, this study concludes that some of the major problems for REDD+ in Mozambique are the lack of data about deforestation and forest degradation, institutional weakness (regarding monitoring and propriety rights), and gaps in human and technical capacity to fulfil demands associated with REDD+. Therefore, efficient results will depend on the degree to which REDD+ policies are oriented toward real mitigation of the sources of forest carbon changes. In Mozambique, REDD+ policy tends to originate outside the timber sector. The cost-effectiveness of the results will depend on identifying and addressing the fundamental causes of forest carbon changes through more viable REDD+ policy options; government capacity to respond to REDD+ demands, especially at the sub-national level; the capacity of civil society and other institutions; and the strength of the institutional framework. The degree of success of equitable outcomes and the generation of co-benefits will depend on the inclusion and appropriateness of the processes at the national level; if those who support REDD+ costs are also being compensated; and on the general definition of carbon rights and environmental services.
Author :Silvio Silvério da Silva Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3319050206 Total Pages :441 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (19 download)
Book Synopsis Biofuels in Brazil by : Silvio Silvério da Silva
Download or read book Biofuels in Brazil written by Silvio Silvério da Silva and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-02 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the commercialization of biofuels and the Brazilian government policies for the promotion of renewable energy program in Brazil, which could be a learning module for several countries for implementing biofuels policy to improve their socioeconomic status and make them energy independent. Researchers in academia and industries, policy makers, and economic analysts will be assisted by important source of information in their ongoing research and future perspectives. This book will benefit graduate and postgraduate students of chemical and biochemical engineering, forestry, microbiology, biochemistry, biotechnology, applied chemistry, environmental science, sustainable energy, and biotech business disciplines by signifying the applied aspects of bioenergy production from various natural sources and their implications. Graduate and postgraduate students as well as postdoctoral researchers will find clear concepts of feedstock analysis, feedstock degradation, microbial fermentation, genetic engineering, renewable energy generation and storage, climate changes, and techno-economic analysis of biofuels production technologies.
Book Synopsis Land-use trends and environmental governance policies in Brazil by : Andrew Miccolis
Download or read book Land-use trends and environmental governance policies in Brazil written by Andrew Miccolis and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2014-12-29 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, the policy framework in Brazil has played a decisive role in shaping land use and changes in the rural landscape. Over the last three decades, the country has made impressive gains on socioeconomic, environmental and rural development policy fronts. Nonetheless, an overall analysis of Brazils policy framework pertaining to land use shows contradictions and constraints that need to be addressed in the long run. One such contradiction is given by disparities in rural credit and finance policies, with greater amounts favoring large-scale farming as opposed to family farming, despite the key role of smallholders in food production and job creation, and still low resources allocated to programs promoting low-carbon agricultural practices. Another contradiction is the dichotomy between climate change policies and mainstream agricultural and rural development policies. Brazils overriding challenge is harmonizing and effectively coordinating these different policy agendas at their various levels of implementation so as to effectively manage trade-offs. The question is what measures can be put in place to enable continued growth of agricultural production while also reducing its negative social and environmental costs? The answer lies partly in increasing support for implementing and up-scaling initiatives to promote low emissions agriculture and providing other economic incentives for adopting more sustainable use and conservation-oriented agricultural and land-use practices. Ultimately, reconciling agricultural production with conservation and rural livelihoods requires greater coordination and harmonization among sectoral policies at various levels of government. Achieving this goal requires the adoption of a combination of a value chain-based and territorial approach to land-use planning with more integrated farming systems in order to enable making improved decisions according to multiple trade-offs and impacts.
Book Synopsis Building a New Future by : United Nations
Download or read book Building a New Future written by United Nations and published by UN. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication argues that Latin America and the Caribbean are in a position to move towards a "big push for sustainability" through a combination of economic, industrial, social and environmental policies capable of driving an equal and sustainable recovery and relaunching development in the region. Comprised of five chapters, the publication studies the three crises (slow growth, growing inequality and the environmental emergency) affecting economies and societies around the world, placing particular focus on those of Latin America and the Caribbean. It goes on to present a framework for analysing these crises in an integrated manner and measuring their magnitude in the specified regions. It then examines the quantitative impacts on growth, emissions, income distribution and the external sector under different policy scenarios, highlighting the potential of various policy combinations to forge a more dynamic growth path, with lower emissions and greater equality. Further identifying seven sectors that can drive sustainable development and proposing policies to foster these sectors, the publication concludes with an analysis that links up macroeconomic, industrial, social and environmental policies and the role of the State in building consensus for their implementation.
Author :Luciana Stocco Betiol Publisher :Public Administration and Citizenship Program ISBN 13 :8587426311 Total Pages :69 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (874 download)
Book Synopsis Sustainable procurement by : Luciana Stocco Betiol
Download or read book Sustainable procurement written by Luciana Stocco Betiol and published by Public Administration and Citizenship Program. This book was released on 2015-12-15 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “It's a fight against time." That is how the book begins, presenting a historical background of how the topic of sustainable production and consumption was included in the global agenda and reached Brazil. It is clear in the work who and what the potential actors and instruments that interact for that purpose are. In a fun way, thematic infographics show the impact from consumption and production, inspired by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). In Chapters 2 and 3, readers will find inspiring examples of institutional procurement collected through exclusive interviews, news articles, corporate reports and scientific articles describing successful experiences in the public and private sectors, highlighting which institutions broke the resistance and became protagonists in the use of transformation potential through sustainable consumption and production. In Chapter 4, under a guidance perspective, two tools are recommended for continuously improving management of public and business procurement - the former was developed by ICLEI, for the Procura+ campaign, and the latter by the UN Global Compact. Also, propositions are presented in order to incorporate sustainability attributes in the procurement and supply management systems. Based on our experiences with consultancies and projects in partnership with governments, business platforms and academic researches, a survey was conducted with about 50 institutions, among public bodies and businesses, organizing lessons learnt and calling attention for facilitators and barriers of institutional consumption aimed at sustainability. Among the institutions we surveyed, we picked up the examples described in this work. Finally, in Chapter 5, under an integrated perspective of sectors and actors, including individual consumers, we made a critical analysis of the advancements and challenges faced in the past years, and point to guidelines for the future of the so-wanted 'inclusive green economy', considering institutional procurement as an essential tool to (re)build a global scenario that is more favorable to sustainable development.
Book Synopsis Quality Determinants In Coffee Production by : Lucas Louzada Pereira
Download or read book Quality Determinants In Coffee Production written by Lucas Louzada Pereira and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-11 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quality Determinants In Coffee Production presents a comprehensive overview of the main determinants of coffee quality during processing. Authored by members of the Laboratory for Analysis and Research in Coffee at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, the chapters in this text explain how coffee quality can be affected through each step of the main processing methods. The first section explores the history of coffee processing, covering how the processes and techniques of sensorial analysis have developed. The second section covers the evolution of these techniques and how various complexities can affect their use, plus the statistical tools that are used to increase test accuracy. Another section focuses on the relationship between fruit microbiology and coffee quality, promoting an understanding of how yeasts, fungi and bacteria effect the quality of coffee during processing. Another section is dedicated to the biotechnological processes used in coffee production, including the applicability of induced and spontaneous routes from the manipulation of raw material, the relationship between wet processing and spontaneous fermentation and the construction of sensorial routes. A final section explores volatile coffee compounds and gas chromatography techniques, including chemical and sensory maps. The majority of the reference works published on coffee processing have a pragmatic approach covering production, harvesting, post-harvesting and marketing. This work goes beyond these subjects, covering the factors that impact quality and how they lead to either qualitative reduction or gains during processing. New technological and scientific indicators for the modification and the creation of sensory routes are extensively covered, as are the international protocols used in the sensorial analysis of coffee. With its broad approach, this text presents a multidisciplinary perspective connecting areas such as statistics, biochemistry, analytical chemistry and microbiology to the results of sensory analysis using different technologies and processes. A direct relationship between these factors is established in order to help researchers understand their combined effect on coffee quality during processing.
Download or read book Sugar Year Book written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
