Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Bacterial Persistence
Download Bacterial Persistence full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Bacterial Persistence ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Bacterial Persistence by : Jan Michiels
Download or read book Bacterial Persistence written by Jan Michiels and published by Humana. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a comprehensive collection of methods that have been instrumental to the current understanding of bacterial persisters. Chapters in the book cover topics ranging from general methods for measuring persister levels in Escherichia coli cultures, protocols for the determination of the persister subpopulation in Candida albicans, quantitative measurements of Type I and Type II persisters using ScanLag, to in vitro and in vivo models for the study of the intracellular activity of antibiotics. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Bacterial Persistence: Methods and Protocols brings together the most respected researchers in bacterial persistence whose studies will remain vital to understanding this field for many years to come.
Book Synopsis Persister Cells and Infectious Disease by : Kim Lewis
Download or read book Persister Cells and Infectious Disease written by Kim Lewis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-13 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a collection of chapters from the leading experts in the relatively new and burgeoning field of persister cell studies. Persisters play a leading role in the recalcitrance of chronic infections, and enable the development of classical antibiotic resistance. The focus of the book is on studies that provide an understanding of the mechanisms of persister formation, antibiotic tolerance and role in disease, at the molecular level.
Book Synopsis Persistent Bacterial Infections by : James P. Nataro
Download or read book Persistent Bacterial Infections written by James P. Nataro and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of persistent bacterial infections in the light of ecological and evolutionary principles. - Focuses on the principles of parasitism and commensalism and our ability to distinguish the two states. - Explores the ways in which persistent infections differ from acute, self-limiting bacterial infections and how both differ from the nonpathogenic commensal state. - Addresses coevolution, host adaptation, natural selection, and other fundamental biological principles. - Serves as a resource for investigators and advanced students in the field of bacterial pathogenesis.
Book Synopsis Bacterial Persistence and Biofilms by : Phillip Richard Palmer
Download or read book Bacterial Persistence and Biofilms written by Phillip Richard Palmer and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacterial persistence is a transient state of dormancy exhibited by a small subset of cells that allow them to survive antibiotic treatment. This is a ubiquitous phenomenon exhibited by all bacteria to all known classes of antibiotics which can result in chronic and relapsing infections. Persister cells are bacteria that are metabolically tolerant, not genetically resistant to antibiotics. However, because they confer survival in the presence of antibiotics, they pose a risk of developing resistance. Antibiotic resistance is currently a world-wide problem as resistant infections are becoming more numerous and the discovery rate of novel antibiotics is decreasing. Biofilms contain increased levels of persisters due to the nutrient limiting conditions in the interior of the biofilm due to limiting diffusion rates through the dense extracellular polymeric matrix. The specific mechanisms that lead to persistence are redundant making them difficult to overcome pharmacologically. Stress responses are thought to push the cell towards a dormant state in response to either accidental damage from cellular processes, or to antibiotics. Toxin-antitoxin systems have been shown to increase levels of persister cells increasing the lag time after inoculation from overnight cultures. Persisters are difficult to study because they appear at such low frequencies in metabolically heterogenous populations. Experimenters are thus forced to choose between scale and resolution as single-cell experiments fail to observe sufficient numbers of cells. Many labs utilize methods of enriching for persisters, though the largest problem is that persisters cannot be identified except by surviving antibiotic treatments. This thesis discusses novel methods that can be used to study persistence and chronic bacterial infection. Recent advances in CRISPR biotechnology have created a large toolbox of molecular techniques. CRISPR-Cas9 is best known for creating gene knockouts with ease, but an enzymatically inactivated Cas9 has been developed and repurposed as a tool for gene knockdown. The gene target can be customized by modifying the CRISPR gRNA that is responsible for targeting the Cas9 to a gene by base-pair complementarity. This technology was validated in our lab by confirming knockdown of lacZ expression with blue-white selection. A detailed method for creating gRNA was reproduced from the original paper. Novel gRNAs were designed and cloned into the CRISPRi system to target the stringent response genes relA and spoT. These genes control the levels of the alarmone (p)ppGpp in the cell which when in abundance downregulates genes associated with growth and division and upregulates genes associated with survival. Targeting these genes with CRISPRi was explored as a mechanism of decreasing persistence to antibiotics in preliminary experiments. A top-down analysis was also used to investigate genes associated with chronic infections in nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). A large NTHi genomic dataset containing the whole genome sequences for thousands of clinical isolates, for which clinical metadata are available, is a valuable asset of our lab. Recently, Facebook published a machine learning model for classifying protein variants that had been trained one 250,000,000 proteins. We applied this model to all unique protein sequences in our NTHI genomic collection. These data were used to examine each gene for clusters of variants that correlated with the clinical metadata. A pipeline was developed to assess the strength of correlation with categories including health state, infection type, and patient age. Top hits were identified from significant hits with particular interest in clusters containing a single category of metadata (e.g., only sick isolates).
Book Synopsis Population Dynamics of Bacterial Persistence by : Pintu Patra
Download or read book Population Dynamics of Bacterial Persistence written by Pintu Patra and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The life of microorganisms is characterized by two main tasks, rapid growth under conditions permitting growth and survival under stressful conditions. The environments, in which microorganisms dwell, vary in space and time. The microorganisms innovate diverse strategies to readily adapt to the regularly fluctuating environments. Phenotypic heterogeneity is one such strategy, where an isogenic population splits into subpopulations that respond differently under identical environments. Bacterial persistence is a prime example of such phenotypic heterogeneity, whereby a population survives under an antibiotic attack, by keeping a fraction of population in a drug tolerant state, the persister state. Specifically, persister cells grow more slowly than normal cells under growth conditions, but survive longer under stress conditions such as the antibiotic administrations. Bacterial persistence is identified experimentally by examining the population survival upon an antibiotic treatment and the population resuscitation in a growth medium. The underlying population dynamics is explained with a two state model for reversible phenotype switching in a cell within the population. We study this existing model with a new theoretical approach and present analytical expressions for the time scale observed in population growth and resuscitation, that can be easily used to extract underlying model parameters of bacterial persistence. In addition, we recapitulate previously known results on the evolution of such structured population under periodically fluctuating environment using our simple approximation method. Using our analysis, we determine model parameters for Staphylococcus aureus population under several antibiotics and interpret the outcome of cross-drug treatment. Next, we consider the expansion of a population exhibiting phenotype switching in a spatially structured environment consisting of two growth permitting patches separated by an antibiotic patch. The dynamic interplay of growth, death and migration of cells in different patches leads to distinct regimes in population propagation speed as a function of migration rate. We map out the region in parameter space of phenotype switching and migration rate to observe the condition under which persistence is beneficial. Furthermore, we present an extended model that allows mutation from the two phenotypic states to a resistant state. We find that the presence of persister cells may enhance the probability of resistant mutation in a population. Using this model, we explain the experimental results showing the emergence of antibiotic resistance in a Staphylococcus aureus population upon tobramycin treatment. In summary, we identify several roles of bacterial persistence, such as help in spatial expansion, development of multidrug tolerance and emergence of antibiotic resistance. Our study provides a theoretical perspective on the dynamics of bacterial persistence in different environmental conditions. These results can be utilized to design further experiments, and to develop novel strategies to eradicate persistent infections.
Book Synopsis Population Antibiotic-resistance by : Sharon Lindsay
Download or read book Population Antibiotic-resistance written by Sharon Lindsay and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stress-Induced Mutagenesis by : David Mittelman
Download or read book Stress-Induced Mutagenesis written by David Mittelman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-12 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of stress-induced mutagenesis has changed ideas about mutation and evolution, and revealed mutagenic programs that differ from standard spontaneous mutagenesis in rapidly proliferating cells. The stress-induced mutations occur during growth-limiting stress, and can include adaptive mutations that allow growth in the otherwise growth-limiting environment. The stress responses increase mutagenesis specifically when cells are maladapted to their environments, i.e. are stressed, potentially accelerating evolution then. The mutation mechanism also includes temporary suspension of post-synthesis mismatch repair, resembling mutagenesis characteristic of some cancers. Stress-induced mutation mechanisms may provide important models for genome instability underlying some cancers and genetic diseases, resistance to chemotherapeutic and antibiotic drugs, pathogenicity of microbes, and many other important evolutionary processes. This book covers pathways of stress-induced mutagenesis in all systems. The principle focus is mammalian systems, but much of what is known of these pathways comes from non-mammalian systems.
Book Synopsis Population Antibiotic-resistance by : Sharon Lindsay
Download or read book Population Antibiotic-resistance written by Sharon Lindsay and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bacterial Persistence: Mathematical Modeling and Optimal Treatment Strategy by : Nicholas G. Cooper
Download or read book Bacterial Persistence: Mathematical Modeling and Optimal Treatment Strategy written by Nicholas G. Cooper and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bacterial Persistence in Escherichia Coli by : Shaleen B. Korch
Download or read book Bacterial Persistence in Escherichia Coli written by Shaleen B. Korch and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Persistence, Survival, and Transmission of Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens in Production Animals by : Christina L. Swaggerty
Download or read book Mechanisms of Persistence, Survival, and Transmission of Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens in Production Animals written by Christina L. Swaggerty and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-08-31 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foodborne illness resulting from food production animals is a global health concern, and the Centers for Disease Control estimate that one in six Americans will become sick with a foodborne illness each year. Of course there are numerous causes for these outbreaks, but contamination from a food production animal is certainly one source. Understanding the host-pathogen interaction and how foodborne bacterial pathogens establish a persistent infection and evade host immune responses will be pivotal in reducing the instance of foodborne illness traced back to a food production animal source. In this volume, we bring together original research and review articles covering some of the key issues surrounding the mechanisms of persistence, survival, and transmission of bacterial foodborne pathogens in production animals. The research focused on poultry and specifically addressed antibiotic resistance, Salmonella colonization, pathogen reduction strategies using pre- or probiotics, pathogen evasion, and post-harvest intervention and pathogen testing. The following 11 articles are fine examples of the multidisciplinary approaches that will be required to address and understand the complex interplay between food safety and animal production.
Book Synopsis Directorium diocesis Cenomanensis 1758 by :
Download or read book Directorium diocesis Cenomanensis 1758 written by and published by . This book was released on 1758 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Persistent Viral Infections by : R. Ahmed
Download or read book Persistent Viral Infections written by R. Ahmed and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1999 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Persistent Viral Infections Edited by Rafi Ahmed Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, USA and Irvin S. Y. Chen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA During the past decade much of our attention has focused on diseases associated with viral persistence. Major breakthroughs in immunology, and the advent of molecular approaches to study pathogenesis have increased our understanding of the complex virus-host interactions that occur during viral persistence. Persistent Viral Infections focuses on: * The pathogenesis and immunology of chronic infections * Animal models that provide, or have the potential to provide, major insights This volume will be essential reading for virologists, immunologists, oncologists and neurologists.
Book Synopsis Systems Biology Approaches to Combating Persistent Bacteria by : Michael Sándor Köris
Download or read book Systems Biology Approaches to Combating Persistent Bacteria written by Michael Sándor Köris and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This work is motivated by the ineffectiveness of current antimicrobial therapies against phenotypic drug tolerance, also known as bacterial persistence, which an important and widespread aspect of bacterial survival strategies. This reversible cellular state allows a sub-population of genetically identical bacterial cells (persisters) to survive not only antibiotic treatment, but also diverse environmental stresses such as heat shock or nutrient limitation, i.e. prolonged starvation. Neither the origins of this population heterogeneity nor the mechanisms of differentiation in the bacterial culture are fully understood. Bacterial persistence has been implicated in chronic infections, resistance of biofilms to treatment and importantly also in the accelerated evolution of antibiotic resistance. The increasing prevalence of these antibiotic-resistant bacteria has made it essential that we explore and find alternative approaches to developing new drug targets. We used a systems biology approach incorporating gene expression analysis, network analysis as well as classical biochemical and microbiological methods, to uncover networks that influence the formation of persisters, and deduce pathways through which cells within a population enter a persistent state. First, we explored the role of the luxS -responsive ( lsr ) quorum sensing system of E. coli in the formation of persisters. We found that the lsr system increased the number of persisters formed when strongly stimulated by its quorum-sensing molecule, autoinducer 2 (AI-2), and we were able to enrich a cell population in persisters based on the activity of this regulon. Furthermore, genetically removing the lsr system decreases the number of persisters formed. We found that this effect was mediated by the import of AI-2 through the transmembrane domains of the import complex: LsrC and LsrD. Second, we used a network biology approach to gain insight into the mechanism by which AI-2 uptake influences persister formation, and identified possible functional interactions between the lsr regulon, polyamine metabolism and polyamine transport genes, which was confirmed by expression profiles we obtained under high AI-2 conditions. Third, we found through genetic and phenotypic manipulation of the levels of the main intracellular polyamines (spermidine and putrescine) that cells with a higher spermidine-to-putrescine ratio are more likely to become persisters. Based on these results, we propose a mechanism for persister formation by which strongly increased AI-2 uptake coordinates gene expression changes that shift the intracellular polyamine ratio to favor spermidine over putrescine, leading to cellular senescence and an increase in persister formation, likely due to spermidine-based inhibition of DNA replication and protein translation. These insights present novel targets for the treatment of persistent, chronic infections. Therapeutic approach could be based on a combination therapy approach using small-molecule therapy nucleic acid-based therapeutic approaches, such as antisense RNA, targeting several nodes in these pathways to suppress drug tolerance.
Book Synopsis Targeting Bacterial Persistence to Develop Therapeutics Against Infectious Disease by : Elizabeth Hong-Geller
Download or read book Targeting Bacterial Persistence to Develop Therapeutics Against Infectious Disease written by Elizabeth Hong-Geller and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Targeting Bacterial Persistence to Develop Therapeutics Against Infectious Disease.
Book Synopsis Systems Biology of Bacterial Persistence, a Metabolism-driven Strategy for Survival by : Jakub Leszek Radzikowski
Download or read book Systems Biology of Bacterial Persistence, a Metabolism-driven Strategy for Survival written by Jakub Leszek Radzikowski and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bacterial Chromatin by : Remus T. Dame
Download or read book Bacterial Chromatin written by Remus T. Dame and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
