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Background Characterization Of The Response Of Geophysical Sensors For Subsurface Uxo Detection
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Book Synopsis Background Characterization of the Response of Geophysical Sensors for Subsurface UXO Detection by :
Download or read book Background Characterization of the Response of Geophysical Sensors for Subsurface UXO Detection written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parsons Engineering Science, Inc. (Parsons ES) was contracted by the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) to perform time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) surveys at two sites. The TDEM surveys were conducted as a part of a study on the background characterization of the response of geophysical sensors used for subsurface unexploded ordnance (UXO) detection. This study was sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) in conjunction with WES, Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA), Walcoff and Associates, and Night Vision Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD).
Book Synopsis Sensor Orientation Effects on UXO Geophysical Target Discrimination by :
Download or read book Sensor Orientation Effects on UXO Geophysical Target Discrimination written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use of electromagnetic (EM) methods to discriminate frag and geology from unexploded ordnance (UXO) has shown steady improvement over time as demonstrated by test site results. Performance of off- the-shelf and customized EM sensors have increased both in terms of UXO probability of detection and false alarm rate. Parallel with the increase in capabilities of UXO detection and discrimination is the Increasing use of digital geophysical techniques on live sites. However, a significant gap exists in capabilities for UXO detection and discrimination between prove-out / test sites and actual UXO contaminated sites. In addition, the future deployment of more sophisticated sensors with discrimination capabilities is limited by the requirement for greater data fidelity for wide application on most sites. One issue of importance for improving data quality is the need for improved spatial representation of the geophysical signature of subsurface UXO. Presently, survey data are inadequately spatially quantified with simple XY sensor locations and an assumed constant Z elevation. To accurately represent the geophysical signature of subsurface UXO, more complete and accurate inion%ation is required, including sensor elevation inion%ation, orientation data (yaw, pitch and roll), and sensor velocity and acceleration data. Therefore, Strategic Envirom%ental Research and Development Progm-m (SERDP) Project UX- 1310 "Sensor Orientation Effects on UXO Geophysical Target Discrimination" was designed to research how the response of geophysical sensors is affected by variations in sensor orientation and motion, to develop an approach to measure these effects in the field, and to develop modeling and analysis techniques to mitigate the effects of sensor orientation and motion.
Book Synopsis Geophysical Site Characterization for UXO Background Studies by :
Download or read book Geophysical Site Characterization for UXO Background Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets by :
Download or read book Detection and Remediation Technologies for Mines and Minelike Targets written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Geophysics by : Yingping Li
Download or read book Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Geophysics written by Yingping Li and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-12-13 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Geophysics Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Geophysics Methods and Applications Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is a technology that records sound and vibration signals along a fiber optic cable. Its advantages of high resolution, continuous, and real-time measurements mean that DAS systems have been rapidly adopted for a range of applications, including hazard mitigation, energy industries, geohydrology, environmental monitoring, and civil engineering. Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Geophysics: Methods and Applications presents experiences from both industry and academia on using DAS in a range of geophysical applications. Volume highlights include: DAS concepts, principles, and measurements Comprehensive review of the historical development of DAS and related technologies DAS applications in hydrocarbon, geothermal, and mining industries DAS applications in seismology DAS applications in environmental and shallow geophysics The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Book Synopsis Subsurface Geophysical Survey at the Virginiatown Site by : David J. Goldsmith
Download or read book Subsurface Geophysical Survey at the Virginiatown Site written by David J. Goldsmith and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Multisensor System for Detection and Characterization of UXO(MM-0437) - Demonstration Report by : J. T. Smith
Download or read book A Multisensor System for Detection and Characterization of UXO(MM-0437) - Demonstration Report written by J. T. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Berkeley UXO discriminator (BUD) (Figure 1) is a portable Active Electromagnetic (AEM) system for UXO detection and characterization that quickly determines the location, size, and symmetry properties of a suspected UXO. The BUD comprises of three orthogonal transmitters that 'illuminate' a target with fields in three independent directions in order to stimulate the three polarization modes that, in general, characterize the target EM response. In addition, the BUD uses eight pairs of differenced receivers for response recording. Eight receiver coils are placed horizontally along the two diagonals of the upper and lower planes of the two horizontal transmitter loops. These receiver coil pairs are located on symmetry lines through the center of the system and each pair sees identical fields during the on-time of the pulse in all of the transmitter coils. They are wired in opposition to produce zero output during the on-time of the pulses in three orthogonal transmitters. Moreover, this configuration dramatically reduces noise in the measurements by canceling the background electromagnetic fields (these fields are uniform over the scale of the receiver array and are consequently nulled by the differencing operation), and by canceling the noise contributed by the tilt of the receivers in the Earth's magnetic field, and greatly enhances receivers sensitivity to the gradients of the target response. The BUD performs target characterization from a single position of the sensor platform above a target. BUD was designed to detect and characterize UXO in the 20 mm to 155 mm size range for depths between 0 and 1 m. The relationship between the object size and the depth at which it can be detected is illustrated in Figure 2. This curve was calculated for BUD assuming that the receiver plane is 20 cm above the ground. Figure 2 shows that, for example, BUD can detect and characterize an object with 10 cm diameter down to the depth of 90 cm with depth uncertainty of 10%. Any objects buried at the depth more than 1 m have a low probability of detection. With existing algorithms in the system computer it is not possible to recover the principal polarizabilities of large objects close to the system. Detection of large shallow objects is assured, but at present real time discrimination for shallow objects is not. Post processing of the field data is required for shape discrimination of large shallow targets. Next generation of BUD software will not have this limitation. Successful application of the inversion algorithm that solves for the target parameters is contingent upon resolution of this limitation. At the moment, interpretation software is developed for a single object only. In case of multiple objects the software indicates the presence of a cluster of objects but is unable to provide characteristics of each individual object.
Book Synopsis A New High-Sensitivity Subsurface Sensing System by : Oleg Krichenko
Download or read book A New High-Sensitivity Subsurface Sensing System written by Oleg Krichenko and published by . This book was released on with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We developed a prototype geophysical system that currently has a dynamic range of 126dB. We also calculate the full potential of our design to achieve a dynamic range of greater than 160dB, which is orders of magnitude higher than what is currently offered by state of the art technology in geophysical instrumentation. We have been successful in reducing measurement errors that are common limiting factors in achieving high measurement sensitivity in practice. We reduced the measurement error caused by mechanical deformations of the measurement apparatus from 70PPM to less than 1PPM. As a result of developing a novel measurement method for using a rotating antenna array and digital nulling, we achieved a level of temporal drift of less than 1PPM over a 50 minute time period, which is a significant improvement compared to the drift of greater than 100PPM for the state of the art geophysical instrumentation. We also used a method of simultaneous calibration of the secondary fields in order to correct the measured data for the long-term gain variations in the system response. As a result, we reduced the percentage error in the RE and IM components of the target response measured over a 105-minute period of time from 5% and 80% to 0.5% and 2%, respectively. We have gained a substantial reduction of the measurement errors caused by the background response of the earth by using the antenna array in a vertical orientation relative to the earth's surface. We demonstrated that our measurement method increases survey efficiency because of a more informative set of data. We tested our prototype system with a section of steel pipe, which is a standard target used to determine the sensitivity of commercial metal detectors. The measurement results showed that our current system will detect this particular target at a 2.0m depth below the earth's surface, which is 0.5m better than the 1.5m detection depth achieved by the EM61-MK2. When the full potential of our design is realized, we estimate the projected depth of detection to increase to 9m, which is six times greater than the detection depth achieved by the EM61-MK2.
Book Synopsis UXO Detection and Characterization in the Marine Environment by :
Download or read book UXO Detection and Characterization in the Marine Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning in 2003 SAIC (formerly AETC) developed the Marine Towed Array for underwater geophysical investigations. The underwater towed platform is a 5 meter wide array containing 8 Cesium vapor magnetomers. It is towed by a 60 foot cable by a pontoon boat. The attitude and depth of the sensor platform is controlled by an autopilot. The inputs to the autopilot include a tactical grade IMU, depth sensors and digital magnetic compasses, and a dual GPS system based upon the tow vessel. The survey products include digitally geo-referenced magnetic anomaly maps of metallic objects buried in the sediment and spreadsheet tables reporting the results of analyses of individual anomalies. The system has been used to conduct six extensive underwater surveys. In this report we discuss the actual site conditions, how they affected the system operation, and how the system was adapted during the demonstrations in response to new environmental challenges that were encountered.
Book Synopsis Discrimination of Subsurface Unexploded Ordnance by : Kevin A. O'Neill
Download or read book Discrimination of Subsurface Unexploded Ordnance written by Kevin A. O'Neill and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unexploded ordnance (UXO) pose a persistent and expensive problem throughout the world; over 11 million acres are potentially contaminated in the U.S. alone. However, detection requires a very high degree of reliability, the false alarm rate is typically enormous, and cleanup costs are very high. This Tutorial Text addresses the unique challenges of UXO detection and the following topics: fundamental physics and phenomenology; new, successful modeling and analysis methods; the design, development, and testing of new instruments that provide expanded and superior data; innovative processing techniques; and highly successful discrimination performance in blind field tests at standardized sites. The book is written for lay scientists and engineers, as well as specialists in the field, requiring only some familiarity with basic vector calculus and matrix methods, common statistical concepts, and elementary physics.
Book Synopsis Gpr Remote Sensing in Archaeology by : Salvatore Piro
Download or read book Gpr Remote Sensing in Archaeology written by Salvatore Piro and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details the processes needed to take raw Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) data all the way to the construction of subsurface images. It introduces advanced imaging solutions and shows numerous worldwide site case histories."
Book Synopsis Quantitative Integration of Multiple Near-surface Geophysical Techniques for Improved Subsurface Imaging and Reducing Uncertainty in Discrete Anomaly Detection by : Megan Estelle Carr
Download or read book Quantitative Integration of Multiple Near-surface Geophysical Techniques for Improved Subsurface Imaging and Reducing Uncertainty in Discrete Anomaly Detection written by Megan Estelle Carr and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently there is no systematic quantitative methodology in place for the integration of two or more coincident data sets collected using near-surface geophysical techniques. As the need for this type of methodology increases--particularly in the fields of archaeological prospecting, UXO detection, landmine detection, environmental site characterization/remediation monitoring, and forensics--a detailed and refined approach is necessary. The objective of this dissertation is to investigate quantitative techniques for integrating multi-tool near-surface geophysical data to improve subsurface imaging and reduce uncertainty in discrete anomaly detection. This objective is fulfilled by: (1) correlating multi-tool geophysical data with existing well-characterized "targets"; (2) developing methods for quantitatively merging different geophysical data sets; (3) implementing statistical tools within Statistical Analysis System (SAS) to evaluate the multiple integration methodologies; and (4) testing these new methods at several well-characterized sites with varied targets (i.e., case studies). Three geophysical techniques utilized in this research are: ground penetrating radar (GPR), electromagnetic (ground conductivity) methods (EM), and magnetic gradiometry. Computer simulations are developed to generate synthetic data with expected parameters such as heterogeneity of the subsurface, type of target, and spatial sampling. The synthetic data sets are integrated using the same methodologies employed on the case-study sites to (a) further develop the necessary quantitative assessment scheme, and (b) determine if these merged data sets do in fact yield improved results. A controlled setting within The University of Tennessee Geophysical Research Station permits the data (and associated anomalous bodies) to be spatially correlated with the locations of known targets. Error analysis is then conducted to guide any modifications to the data integration methodologies before transitioning to study sites of unknown subsurface features. Statistical analysis utilizing SAS is conducted to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of the data integration methodologies and determine if there are significant improvements in subsurface imaging, thus resulting in a reduction in the uncertainty of discrete anomaly detection.
Book Synopsis Spatial Statistical Model and Optimal Survey Design for Rapid Geophysical Characterization of UXO Sites by :
Download or read book Spatial Statistical Model and Optimal Survey Design for Rapid Geophysical Characterization of UXO Sites written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unexploded ordnance (UXO) surveys encompass large areas, and the cost of surveying these areas can be high. Enactment of earlier protocols for sampling UXO sites (SiteStats/GridStats) have shown the shortcomings of these procedures and led to a call for development of scientifically defensible statistical procedures for survey design and analysis. This project is one of three funded by SERDP to address this need. The problem is a very complicated one statistically, with a need to develop new approaches in survey design and data analysis. It became evident to our team at an early stage in this project that all of the statistical tools that are needed to address this problem were not on the table, and that some of the key questions had not been previously solved mathematically. It is critical that a new protocol for design and analysis of UXO surveys be able to address: (1) the idiosyncrasies of different sites in terms of their geology, ordnance types, topography, vegetation, and extent of background knowledge; (2) the uncertainties in performance of different types of instrumentation and instrument platforms that are available, or are becoming available for UXO surveys; (3) the distinctions between UXO contamination, which occurs at discrete points, and chemical contamination, which has a more continuous distribution; (4) the opportunities to interrogate the site through sequential surveys; and (5) the regulatory and public-involvement environment in which these surveys are typically performed. The protocol must allow for changes in these factors that may result from technological advances. A protocol that neglects some or all of these issues may never be suitable for routine use.
Book Synopsis Geophysical Characterization of Subsurface Barriers by : David J. Borns
Download or read book Geophysical Characterization of Subsurface Barriers written by David J. Borns and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Macroengineering by : John Darabaris
Download or read book Macroengineering written by John Darabaris and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macroengineering: An Environmental Restoration Management Process provides a comprehensive understanding of all the technical, cost, and regulatory issues that an environmental project manager would potentially face on a large scale environmental restoration project. The author addresses unique technical issues encountered during DOD and DOE environmental cleanup efforts, such as radionuclide contamination, unexploded ordinance, heavy metals, and other common contaminants. Referencing the most recent regulations and practices in environmental cleanup projects, the book also includes useful charts and tables and serves both as a classroom text and a professional reference.
Download or read book The Leading Edge written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Introduction to Subsurface Imaging by :
Download or read book Introduction to Subsurface Imaging written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describing and evaluating the basic principles and methods of subsurface sensing and imaging, Introduction to Subsurface Imaging is a clear and comprehensive treatment that links theory to a wide range of real-world applications in medicine, biology, security and geophysical/environmental exploration. It integrates the different sensing techniques (acoustic, electric, electromagnetic, optical, x-ray or particle beams) by unifying the underlying physical and mathematical similarities, and computational and algorithmic methods. Time-domain, spectral and multisensor methods are also covered, whilst all the necessary mathematical, statistical and linear systems tools are given in useful appendices to make the book self-contained. Featuring a logical blend of theory and applications, a wealth of color illustrations, homework problems and numerous case studies, this is suitable for use as both a course text and as a professional reference.
