Ayyubid Jerusalem 1187 1250

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Ayyubid Jerusalem (1187-1250)

Author : Mahmoud Hawari
Publisher : British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Ayyubid Jerusalem (1187-1250) by : Mahmoud Hawari

Download or read book Ayyubid Jerusalem (1187-1250) written by Mahmoud Hawari and published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited. This book was released on 2007 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A brief historical overview of the Ayyubid state, the major factors on which it was based, makes the first chapter. The sources of information utilised in this research are illustrated in the second chapter. Chapter three deals with Jerusalem in the political context of the Ayyubid state: the role Jerusalem played in the propagation of jihad against the Franks; the administrative and demographic changes introduced by the Ayyubids. Chapter four examines the architectural changes that were introduced by the Ayyubids, emphasising how political and socio- economic factors determined construction projects in the city. Chapter five constitutes the core of the book: a catalogue of the extant Ayyubid buildings in Jerusalem. These are grouped chronologically, with detailed architectural, archaeological and historical analysis, as well as interpretations of their structural evolution.

Ayyubid Jerusalem

Author : Robert Hillenbrand
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781901435061
Total Pages : 517 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Ayyubid Jerusalem by : Robert Hillenbrand

Download or read book Ayyubid Jerusalem written by Robert Hillenbrand and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the Holy Land, 1187–1291

Author : Denys Pringle
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317080866
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the Holy Land, 1187–1291 by : Denys Pringle

Download or read book Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the Holy Land, 1187–1291 written by Denys Pringle and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new translations of a selection of Latin and French pilgrimage texts - and two in Greek - relating to Jerusalem and the Holy Land between the fall of Jerusalem to Saladin in 1187 and the loss of Acre to the Mamluks in 1291. It therefore complements and extends existing studies, which deal with the period from Late Antiquity to Saladin's conquest. Such texts provide a wealth of information not only about the business of pilgrimage itself, but also on church history, topography, architecture and the social and economic conditions prevailing in Palestine in this period. Pilgrimage texts of the 13th century have not previously been studied as a group in this way; and, because the existing editions of them are scattered across a variety of rather obscure publications, they tend to be under-utilized by historians, despite their considerable interest. For instance, they are often more original than the texts of the 12th century, representing first-hand accounts of travellers rather than simple reworkings of older texts. Taken together, they document the changes that occurred in the pattern of pilgrimage after the fall of Jerusalem in 1187, during its brief reoccupation by the Franks between 1229 and 1244, and during the period from 1260 onwards when the Mamluks gradually took military control of the whole country. In the 1250s-60s, for example, because of the difficulties faced by pilgrims in reaching Jerusalem itself, there developed an alternative set of holy sites offering indulgences in Acre. The bringing of Transjordan, southern Palestine and Sinai under Ayyubid and, later, Mamluk control also encouraged the development of the pilgrimage to St Catherine's monastery on Mount Sinai in this period. The translations are accompanied by explanatory footnotes and preceded by an introduction, which discusses the development of Holy Land pilgrimage in this period and the context, dating and composition of the texts themselves. The book concludes with a comprehensive list of sources and a detailed index.

Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the Holy Land, 1187–1291

Author : Professor Denys Pringle
Publisher : Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 1409483118
Total Pages : 510 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the Holy Land, 1187–1291 by : Professor Denys Pringle

Download or read book Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the Holy Land, 1187–1291 written by Professor Denys Pringle and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2013-07-28 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new translations of a selection of Latin and French pilgrimage texts - and two in Greek - relating to Jerusalem and the Holy Land between the fall of Jerusalem to Saladin in 1187 and the loss of Acre to the Mamluks in 1291. It therefore complements and extends existing studies, which deal with the period from Late Antiquity to Saladin's conquest. Such texts provide a wealth of information not only about the business of pilgrimage itself, but also on church history, topography, architecture and the social and economic conditions prevailing in Palestine in this period. Pilgrimage texts of the 13th century have not previously been studied as a group in this way; and, because the existing editions of them are scattered across a variety of rather obscure publications, they tend to be under-utilized by historians, despite their considerable interest. For instance, they are often more original than the texts of the 12th century, representing first-hand accounts of travellers rather than simple reworkings of older texts. Taken together, they document the changes that occurred in the pattern of pilgrimage after the fall of Jerusalem in 1187, during its brief reoccupation by the Franks between 1229 and 1244, and during the period from 1260 onwards when the Mamluks gradually took military control of the whole country. In the 1250s-60s, for example, because of the difficulties faced by pilgrims in reaching Jerusalem itself, there developed an alternative set of holy sites offering indulgences in Acre. The bringing of Transjordan, southern Palestine and Sinai under Ayyubid and, later, Mamluk control also encouraged the development of the pilgrimage to St Catherine's monastery on Mount Sinai in this period. The translations are accompanied by explanatory footnotes and preceded by an introduction, which discusses the development of Holy Land pilgrimage in this period and the context, dating and composition of the texts themselves. The book concludes with a comprehensive list of sources and a detailed index.

Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the Holy Land, 1187–1291

Author : Denys Pringle
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317080858
Total Pages : 561 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the Holy Land, 1187–1291 by : Denys Pringle

Download or read book Pilgrimage to Jerusalem and the Holy Land, 1187–1291 written by Denys Pringle and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new translations of a selection of Latin and French pilgrimage texts - and two in Greek - relating to Jerusalem and the Holy Land between the fall of Jerusalem to Saladin in 1187 and the loss of Acre to the Mamluks in 1291. It therefore complements and extends existing studies, which deal with the period from Late Antiquity to Saladin's conquest. Such texts provide a wealth of information not only about the business of pilgrimage itself, but also on church history, topography, architecture and the social and economic conditions prevailing in Palestine in this period. Pilgrimage texts of the 13th century have not previously been studied as a group in this way; and, because the existing editions of them are scattered across a variety of rather obscure publications, they tend to be under-utilized by historians, despite their considerable interest. For instance, they are often more original than the texts of the 12th century, representing first-hand accounts of travellers rather than simple reworkings of older texts. Taken together, they document the changes that occurred in the pattern of pilgrimage after the fall of Jerusalem in 1187, during its brief reoccupation by the Franks between 1229 and 1244, and during the period from 1260 onwards when the Mamluks gradually took military control of the whole country. In the 1250s-60s, for example, because of the difficulties faced by pilgrims in reaching Jerusalem itself, there developed an alternative set of holy sites offering indulgences in Acre. The bringing of Transjordan, southern Palestine and Sinai under Ayyubid and, later, Mamluk control also encouraged the development of the pilgrimage to St Catherine's monastery on Mount Sinai in this period. The translations are accompanied by explanatory footnotes and preceded by an introduction, which discusses the development of Holy Land pilgrimage in this period and the context, dating and composition of the texts themselves. The book concludes with a comprehensive list of sources and a detailed index.

Jerusalem Falls

Author : John D. Hosler
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300268696
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Jerusalem Falls by : John D. Hosler

Download or read book Jerusalem Falls written by John D. Hosler and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2022-11-15 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first full account of the medieval struggle for Jerusalem, from the seventh to the thirteenth century The history of Jerusalem is one of conflict, faith, and empire. Few cities have been attacked as often and as savagely. This was no less true in the Middle Ages. From the Persian sack in 614 through the bloody First Crusade and beyond, Jerusalem changed hands countless times. But despite these horrific acts of violence, its story during this period is also one of interfaith tolerance and accord. In this gripping history, John D. Hosler explores the great clashes and delicate settlements of medieval Jerusalem. He examines the city’s many sieges and considers the experiences of its inhabitants of all faiths. The city’s conquerors consistently acknowledged and reinforced the rights of those religious minorities over which they ruled. Deeply researched, this account reveals the way in which Jerusalem’s past has been constructed on partial histories—and urges us to reckon with the city’s broader historical contours.

Jerusalem Mosaic: The Crusader and Ayyubid Period (1099-1250 CE).

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (471 download)

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Book Synopsis Jerusalem Mosaic: The Crusader and Ayyubid Period (1099-1250 CE). by :

Download or read book Jerusalem Mosaic: The Crusader and Ayyubid Period (1099-1250 CE). written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hebrew University of Jerusalem presents a profile of the history of the city of Jerusalem from 1099-1250, known as the Crusader and Ayyubid Period. Details on the clothing, water systems, food, prominent people, and sites of interest of the era are available. This profile is part of the New Jerusalem Mosaic, a resource providing information on the city at various time periods.

The Oxford History of the Holy Land

Author : Robert G. Hoyland
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192886878
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford History of the Holy Land by : Robert G. Hoyland

Download or read book The Oxford History of the Holy Land written by Robert G. Hoyland and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-03-28 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Histories you can trust. The Oxford History of the Holy Land covers the 3,000 years which saw the rise of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - and relates the familiar stories of the sacred texts with the fruits of modern scholarship. Beginning with the origins of the people who became the Israel of the Bible, it follows the course of the ensuing millennia down to the time when the Ottoman Empire succumbed to British and French rule at the end of the First World War. Parts of the story, especially as known from the Bible, will be widely familiar. Less familiar are the ways in which modern research, both from archaeology and from other ancient sources, sometimes modify this story historically. Better understanding, however, enables us to appreciate crucial chapters in the story of the Holy Land, such as how and why Judaism developed in the way that it did from the earlier sovereign states of Israel and Judah and the historical circumstances in which Christianity emerged from its Jewish cradle. Later parts of the story are vital not only for the history of Islam and its relationships with the two older religions, but also for the development of pilgrimage and religious tourism, as well as the notions of sacred space and of holy books with which we are still familiar today. From the time of Napoleon on, European powers came increasingly to develop both cultural and political interest in the region, culminating in the British and French conquests which carved out the modern states of the Middle East. Sensitive to the concerns of those for whom the sacred books of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are of paramount religious authority, the authors all try sympathetically to show how historical information from other sources, as well as scholarly study of the texts themselves, enriches our understanding of the history of the region and its prominent position in the world's cultural and intellectual history.

Unearthing Jerusalem

Author : Katharina Galor
Publisher : Penn State Press
ISBN 13 : 1575066599
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Unearthing Jerusalem by : Katharina Galor

Download or read book Unearthing Jerusalem written by Katharina Galor and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2011-06-23 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On a cold winter morning in January of 1851, a small group of people approached the monumental façade of an ancient rock-cut burial cave located north of the Old City of Jerusalem. The team, consisting of two Europeans and a number of local workers, was led by Louis-Félicien Caignart de Saulcy—descendant of a noble Flemish family who later was to become a distinguished member of the French parliament. As an amateur archaeologist and a devout Catholic, de Saulcy was attracted to the Holy Land and Jerusalem in particular and was obsessed by his desire to uncover some tangible evidence for the city’s glorious past. However, unlike numerous other European pilgrims, researchers and adventurers before him, de Saulcy was determined to expose the evidence by physically excavating ancient sites. His first object of investigation constitutes one of the most attractive and mysterious monumental burial caves within the vicinity of the Old City, from then onward to be referred to as the “Tomb of the Kings” (Kubur al-Muluk). By conducting an archaeological investigation, de Saulcy tried to prove that this complex represented no less than the monumental sepulcher of the biblical Davidic Dynasty. His brief exploration of the burial complex in 1851 led to the discovery of several ancient artifacts, including sizeable marble fragments of one or several sarcophagi. It would take him another 13 years to raise the funds for a more comprehensive investigation of the site. On November 17, 1863, de Saulcy returned to Jerusalem with a larger team to initiate what would later be referred to as the first archaeological excavation to be conducted in the city.—(from the “Preface”) In 2006, some two dozen contemporary archaeologists and historians met at Brown University, in Providence RI, to present papers and illustrations marking the 150th anniversary of modern archaeological exploration of the Holy City. The papers from that conference are published here, presented in 5 major sections: (1) The History of Research, (2) From Early Humans to the Iron Age, (3) The Roman Period, (4) The Byzantine Period, and (5) The Early Islamic and Medieval Periods. The volume is heavily illustrated with materials from historical archives as well as from contemporary excavations. It provides a helpful and informative introduction to the history of the various national and religious organizations that have sponsored excavations in the Holy Land and Jerusalem in particular, as well as a summary of the current status of excavations in Jerusalem.

The Archaeology of Jerusalem

Author : Katharina Galor
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 030019899X
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Archaeology of Jerusalem by : Katharina Galor

Download or read book The Archaeology of Jerusalem written by Katharina Galor and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-28 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this sweeping and lavishly illustrated history, Katharina Galor and Hanswulf Bloedhorn survey nearly four thousand years of human settlement and building activity in Jerusalem, from prehistoric times through the Ottoman period. The study is structured chronologically, exploring the city’s material culture, including fortifications and water systems as well as key sacred, civic, and domestic architecture. Distinctive finds such as paintings, mosaics, pottery, and coins highlight each period. Their book provides a unique perspective on the emergence and development of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and the relationship among the three religions and their cultures into the modern period.

The Oxford Illustrated History of the Holy Land

Author : Robert G. Hoyland
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191036471
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Illustrated History of the Holy Land by : Robert G. Hoyland

Download or read book The Oxford Illustrated History of the Holy Land written by Robert G. Hoyland and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-22 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Illustrated History of the Holy Land covers the 3,000 years which saw the rise of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - and relates the familiar stories of the sacred texts with the fruits of modern scholarship. Beginning with the origins of the people who became the Israel of the Bible, it follows the course of the ensuing millennia down to the time when the Ottoman Empire succumbed to British and French rule at the end of the First World War. Parts of the story, especially as known from the Bible, will be widely familiar. Less familiar are the ways in which modern research, both from archaeology and from other ancient sources, sometimes modify this story historically. Better understanding, however, enables us to appreciate crucial chapters in the story of the Holy Land, such as how and why Judaism developed in the way that it did from the earlier sovereign states of Israel and Judah and the historical circumstances in which Christianity emerged from its Jewish cradle. Later parts of the story are vital not only for the history of Islam and its relationships with the two older religions, but also for the development of pilgrimage and religious tourism, as well as the notions of sacred space and of holy books with which we are still familiar today. From the time of Napoleon on, European powers came increasingly to develop both cultural and political interest in the region, culminating in the British and French conquests which carved out the modern states of the Middle East. Sensitive to the concerns of those for whom the sacred books of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are of paramount religious authority, the authors all try sympathetically to show how historical information from other sources, as well as scholarly study of the texts themselves, enriches our understanding of the history of the region and its prominent position in the world's cultural and intellectual history.

Reimagining Jerusalem’s Architectural Identities in the Later Middle Ages

Author : Cathleen A. Fleck
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004525890
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Reimagining Jerusalem’s Architectural Identities in the Later Middle Ages by : Cathleen A. Fleck

Download or read book Reimagining Jerusalem’s Architectural Identities in the Later Middle Ages written by Cathleen A. Fleck and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-10-10 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores several fascinating medieval Christian and Islamic artworks that represent and reimagine Jerusalem’s architecture as religious and political instruments to express power, entice visitors, console the devoted, offer spiritual guidance, and convey the city’s mythical history.

Crusade and Christendom

Author : Jessalynn Bird
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812207653
Total Pages : 535 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Crusade and Christendom by : Jessalynn Bird

Download or read book Crusade and Christendom written by Jessalynn Bird and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2013-03-26 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1213, Pope Innocent III issued his letter Vineam Domini, thundering against the enemies of Christendom—the "beasts of many kinds that are attempting to destroy the vineyard of the Lord of Sabaoth"—and announcing a General Council of the Latin Church as redress. The Fourth Lateran Council, which convened in 1215, was unprecedented in its scope and impact, and it called for the Fifth Crusade as what its participants hoped would be the final defense of Christendom. For the first time, a collection of extensively annotated and translated documents illustrates the transformation of the crusade movement. Crusade and Christendom explores the way in which the crusade was used to define and extend the intellectual, religious, and political boundaries of Latin Christendom. It also illustrates how the very concept of the crusade was shaped by the urge to define and reform communities of practice and belief within Latin Christendom and by Latin Christendom's relationship with other communities, including dissenting political powers and heretical groups, the Moors in Spain, the Mongols, and eastern Christians. The relationship of the crusade to reform and missionary movements is also explored, as is its impact on individual lives and devotion. The selection of documents and bibliography incorporates and brings to life recent developments in crusade scholarship concerning military logistics and travel in the medieval period, popular and elite participation, the role of women, liturgy and preaching, and the impact of the crusade on western society and its relationship with other cultures and religions. Intended for the undergraduate yet also invaluable for teachers and scholars, this book illustrates how the crusades became crucial for defining and promoting the very concept and boundaries of Latin Christendom. It provides translations of and commentaries on key original sources and up-to-date bibliographic materials.

The Archaeology and History of the Church of the Redeemer and the Muristan in Jerusalem

Author : Dieter Vieweger
Publisher : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1784914207
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (849 download)

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Book Synopsis The Archaeology and History of the Church of the Redeemer and the Muristan in Jerusalem by : Dieter Vieweger

Download or read book The Archaeology and History of the Church of the Redeemer and the Muristan in Jerusalem written by Dieter Vieweger and published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2016-08-15 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph contains fifteen chapters written by leading scholars from around the world dealing with the archaeological and historical aspects of the Muristan from the Iron Age through to Ottoman times.

World History as the History of Foundations, 3000 BCE to 1500 CE

Author : Michael Borgolte
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004415084
Total Pages : 783 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis World History as the History of Foundations, 3000 BCE to 1500 CE by : Michael Borgolte

Download or read book World History as the History of Foundations, 3000 BCE to 1500 CE written by Michael Borgolte and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-10-29 with total page 783 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In World History as the History of Foundations, 3000 BCE to 1500 CE, Michael Borgolte investigates the origins and development of foundations from Antiquity to the end of the Middle Ages. In his survey foundations emerge not as mere legal institutions, but rather as “total social phenomena” which touch upon manifold aspects, including politics, the economy, art and religion of the cultures in which they emerged. Cross-cultural in its approach and the result of decades of research, this work represents by far the most comprehensive account of the history of foundations that has hitherto been published.

Jerusalem, 1000–1400

Author : Barbara Drake Boehm
Publisher : Metropolitan Museum of Art
ISBN 13 : 1588395987
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (883 download)

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Book Synopsis Jerusalem, 1000–1400 by : Barbara Drake Boehm

Download or read book Jerusalem, 1000–1400 written by Barbara Drake Boehm and published by Metropolitan Museum of Art. This book was released on 2016-09-14 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medieval Jerusalem was a vibrant international center, home to multiple cultures, faiths, and languages. Harmonious and dissonant voices from many lands, including Persians, Turks, Greeks, Syrians, Armenians, Georgians, Copts, Ethiopians, Indians, and Europeans, passed in the narrow streets of a city not much larger than midtown Manhattan. Patrons, artists, pilgrims, poets, and scholars from Christian, Jewish, and Islamic traditions focused their attention on the Holy City, endowing and enriching its sacred buildings, creating luxury goods for its residents, and praising its merits. This artistic fertility was particularly in evidence between the eleventh and fourteenth centuries, notwithstanding often devastating circumstances—from the earthquake of 1033 to the fierce battles of the Crusades. So strong a magnet was Jerusalem that it drew out the creative imagination of even those separated from it by great distance, from as far north as Scandinavia to as far east as present-day China. This publication is the first to define these four centuries as a singularly creative moment in a singularly complex city. Through absorbing essays and incisive discussions of nearly 200 works of art, Jerusalem, 1000–1400: Every People Under Heaven explores not only the meaning of the city to its many faiths and its importance as a destination for tourists and pilgrims but also the aesthetic strands that enhanced and enlivened the medieval city that served as the crossroads of the known world.

The Life and Legend of the Sultan Saladin

Author : Jonathan Phillips
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300247060
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Life and Legend of the Sultan Saladin by : Jonathan Phillips

Download or read book The Life and Legend of the Sultan Saladin written by Jonathan Phillips and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-20 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An engaging biography that offers a new perspective on one of the most influential figures of the Crusades In 1187, Saladin marched triumphantly into Jerusalem, ending decades of struggle against the Christians and reclaiming the holy city for Islam. Four years later he fought off the armies of the Third Crusade, which were commanded by Europe's leading monarchs. A fierce warrior and savvy diplomat, Saladin's unparalleled courtesy, justice, generosity, and mercy were revered by both his fellow Muslims and his Christian rivals such as Richard the Lionheart. Combining thorough research with vivid storytelling, Jonathan Phillips offers a fresh and captivating look at the triumphs, failures, and contradictions of one of the Crusades' most unique figures. Bringing the vibrant world of the twelfth century to life, this book also explores Saladin's complicated legacy, examining the ways Saladin has been invoked in the modern age by Arab and Muslim leaders ranging from Nasser in Egypt, Asad in Syria, and Saddam Hussein in Iraq to Osama bin Laden, as well as his huge appeal across popular culture in books, drama, and music.