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Atomic Level Structure Studies Of Rare Earth Doped Sodium Phosphate Glasses Using High Energy X Ray Diffraction And Complementary Techniques
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Book Synopsis Atomic-level Structure Studies of Rare-earth Doped Sodium Phosphate Glasses Using High Energy X-ray Diffraction and Complementary Techniques by : Faisal Amir
Download or read book Atomic-level Structure Studies of Rare-earth Doped Sodium Phosphate Glasses Using High Energy X-ray Diffraction and Complementary Techniques written by Faisal Amir and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of the Atomic Structure of Vitreous Rare Earth Phosphates Using High Energy X-ray Diffraction Technique by : Erandi Svetlana Gunapala
Download or read book A Study of the Atomic Structure of Vitreous Rare Earth Phosphates Using High Energy X-ray Diffraction Technique written by Erandi Svetlana Gunapala and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Study of the Atomic Structure of Vitreous Rare Earth Phosphates Using High Energy X-ray Diffraction Technique by : Mehdi Ali
Download or read book A Study of the Atomic Structure of Vitreous Rare Earth Phosphates Using High Energy X-ray Diffraction Technique written by Mehdi Ali and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Physics and Chemistry of Rare-Earth Ions Doped Glasses by : Sooraj Hussain Nandyala
Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of Rare-Earth Ions Doped Glasses written by Sooraj Hussain Nandyala and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2008-08-30 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this work is to review the latest developments in glass science and technology. It presents various types of glass, of both academic and technological importance, in which the host is doped with rare-earth ions.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Uranium Oxide High-level Waste on the Structure of Iron Phosphate Glasses by :
Download or read book The Effects of Uranium Oxide High-level Waste on the Structure of Iron Phosphate Glasses written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of their unusually good chemical durability, iron phosphate glasses are a natural candidate for a nuclear waste disposal glass. We have studied the effects of UO2 high-level waste on the structure of iron phosphate glasses with both neutron and high-energy x-ray diffraction using the GLAD instrument of the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source and the 1-BM bending magnet beamline of the Advanced Photon Source, respectively. The results of neutron scattering, which is mostly sensitive to correlations involving light atoms i.e. O-O, Fe-O and P-O, suggest the main structural features of the base glass are largely unaffected by the addition of UO2. The nearest-neighbor P-O, Fe-O and O-O peaks remain at the same position in real space and their intensities scale approximately with concentration. These findings are consistent with the earlier results of Raman scattering and EXAFS on the Fe-K edge wherein both cases the spectra remain similar to the base glass. High-energy x-ray scattering which is sensitive to correlations involving the heavier atoms and thus complements the neutron measurements, is also consistent with uranium occupying interstitial sites in the relatively undisturbed base glass structure. However, important questions remain as to the precise local structure and oxidation state of uranium in these glasses.
Book Synopsis A High Energy X-ray Diffraction Investigation of Sodium Phosphate Glasses Doped with Less Than 5 Mol% Praseodymium Oxides by : Kailing Zhang
Download or read book A High Energy X-ray Diffraction Investigation of Sodium Phosphate Glasses Doped with Less Than 5 Mol% Praseodymium Oxides written by Kailing Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spectroscopic Studies of Rare Earth Doped Phosphate Glasses by : Pramod Kothari
Download or read book Spectroscopic Studies of Rare Earth Doped Phosphate Glasses written by Pramod Kothari and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-10-01 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glass is the most important substrate material suitable for fabrication of passive and active integrated optical components. The refractive index of a glass substrate is very close to that of the optical fibers (n=1.48), which minimizes the coupling losses between glass waveguides and optical fibers. Glass has excellent transparency in the visible and near infrared spectral regions and can easily be made in different sizes and shapes with very high homogeneity. As an amorphous material distinct from crystals, it is easier to produce polarization insensitive integrated optical components in glass. In addition, Glass has a high threshold to optical damage; it is mechanically very rigid and relatively inexpensive. Glass is also suitable host for rare earth ions. This has allowed for the fabrication of optical amplifiers and lasers.
Book Synopsis Optical Properties of Rare-earth-doped Germanate Glasses by : Herbert G. Lipson
Download or read book Optical Properties of Rare-earth-doped Germanate Glasses written by Herbert G. Lipson and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Absorption spectra were used to determine the effect of modifier ions on the splitting and relative intensity of neodymium spectral terms in germanate and other glasses. The behavior of spectral components is related to the degree of inhomogeneous broadening and changes in the site symmetry of the neodymium ion. A similarity between the wavelength position of neodymium term levels and their total width in glasses and crystalline neodymium oxide has been observed. Fluorescence spectra for neodymium, erbium, and holmium ions in sodium germanate glass are reported and the absorption lines involved in excitation with both lamp and laser sources discussed. The lines of an argon-ion laser are found to be more convenient and powerful sources for the excitation of rare earth ion fluorescence than mercury vapor or tungsten lamp sources. The energy level diagram of neodymium in sodium germanate glass was determined from absorption and fluorescence peak spectra. A relationship between the strength of infrared absorption bands involved in cross-relaxation processes and the extent of neodymium fluorescence quenching was observed. Fluorescence conversion efficiencies comparable or higher than those of commercial laser glasses are found for neodymium in sodium germanate glass by both laser and lamp excitation methods. Germanate glasses show good potential as laser hosts for a number of rare earth ions. (Author).
Book Synopsis Atomic Diffusion in Glasses Studied with Coherent X-Rays by : Manuel Ross
Download or read book Atomic Diffusion in Glasses Studied with Coherent X-Rays written by Manuel Ross and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-13 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis provides the first successful study of jump diffusion processes in glasses on the atomic scale, utilizing a novel coherent technique. This new method, called atomic-scale X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy or aXPCS, has only recently been proven to be able to capture diffusion processes with atomic resolution in crystal systems. With this new toolkit for studying atomic diffusion in amorphous systems, new insight into basic processes in a wide range of technically relevant materials, like fast ionic conductors, can be obtained.
Book Synopsis Novel Host Matrix for the Vitrification of High Level Nuclear Wastes by : Mevlüt Karabulut
Download or read book Novel Host Matrix for the Vitrification of High Level Nuclear Wastes written by Mevlüt Karabulut and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of Rare-earth Ion Doped Crystals, Glasses and Nanostructures for Temperature Sensing and Energy Upconversion Applications by : Indumathi Kamma
Download or read book Investigation of Rare-earth Ion Doped Crystals, Glasses and Nanostructures for Temperature Sensing and Energy Upconversion Applications written by Indumathi Kamma and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Springer Handbook of Glass by : J. David Musgraves
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Glass written by J. David Musgraves and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-14 with total page 1590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides comprehensive treatment of the current state of glass science from the leading experts in the field. Opening with an enlightening contribution on the history of glass, the volume is then divided into eight parts. The first part covers fundamental properties, from the current understanding of the thermodynamics of the amorphous state, kinetics, and linear and nonlinear optical properties through colors, photosensitivity, and chemical durability. The second part provides dedicated chapters on each individual glass type, covering traditional systems like silicates and other oxide systems, as well as novel hybrid amorphous materials and spin glasses. The third part features detailed descriptions of modern characterization techniques for understanding this complex state of matter. The fourth part covers modeling, from first-principles calculations through molecular dynamics simulations, and statistical modeling. The fifth part presents a range of laboratory and industrial glass processing methods. The remaining parts cover a wide and representative range of applications areas from optics and photonics through environment, energy, architecture, and sensing. Written by the leading international experts in the field, the Springer Handbook of Glass represents an invaluable resource for graduate students through academic and industry researchers working in photonics, optoelectronics, materials science, energy, architecture, and more.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Deformation in Metallic Glasses Studied by Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction by :
Download or read book Deformation in Metallic Glasses Studied by Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, high mechanical strength is one of the superior properties of metallic glasses which render them promising as a structural material. However, understanding the process of mechanical deformation in strongly disordered matter, such as metallic glass, is exceedingly difficult because even an effort to describe the structure qualitatively is hampered by the absence of crystalline periodicity. In spite of such challenges, we demonstrate that high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurement under stress, using a two-dimensional detector coupled with the anisotropic pair-density function (PDF) analysis, has greatly facilitated the effort of unraveling complex atomic rearrangements involved in the elastic, anelastic, and plastic deformation of metallic glasses. Even though PDF only provides information on the correlation between two atoms and not on many-body correlations, which are often necessary in elucidating various properties, by using stress as means of exciting the system we can garner rich information on the nature of the atomic structure and local atomic rearrangements during deformation in glasses.
Book Synopsis Atomic Structure of Transitional Metal Based Metallic Glasses by : Arthur Ray Williams
Download or read book Atomic Structure of Transitional Metal Based Metallic Glasses written by Arthur Ray Williams and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The atomic-scale structure of several transition metal-based metallic glasses has been investigated by X-ray diffraction techniques. Current dense random packing models have been found to have only a superficial resemblance to the structure of real amorphous metallic alloys, and a theoretical density for amorphous transition metals has been obtained which might be used as a filter for more realistic single component models in the future. The partial pair distribution functions for individual pairs of atomic species have been obtained for glassy alloys of lanthanum with aluminum, gallium and gold through the use of isomorphous alloys. These systems have been demonstrated to be chemically ordered and the short range order of these alloys has been shown to be quite different from that of typical amorphous transition metal-metalloid alloys.
Book Synopsis X-Ray Diffraction of Ions in Aqueous Solutions: Hydration and Complex Formation by : Magini Magini
Download or read book X-Ray Diffraction of Ions in Aqueous Solutions: Hydration and Complex Formation written by Magini Magini and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2018. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an Informa company.
Book Synopsis On the Structure of Lithium and Strontium Borate Glasses Modified with Yttrium and Rare-earth Cations Investigated by Vibrational Spectroscopy by : Brian Topper
Download or read book On the Structure of Lithium and Strontium Borate Glasses Modified with Yttrium and Rare-earth Cations Investigated by Vibrational Spectroscopy written by Brian Topper and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis begins with a comprehensive review of the structure and properties of borate glasses. This is followed by a predominantly qualitative assessment of highly modified lithium and strontium borates containing yttrium and rare-earth oxide additions that have been prepared by the traditional melt-quenching technique. To the author's knowledge, reports on the ternary glasses studied here are not available in the literature. The feasibility of glass formation for these new compositions is discussed and the structures of the resulting materials have been studied, primarily, with vibrational spectroscopy as well as selectively with differential scanning calorimetry, X-Ray diffraction, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Raman and Infrared spectroscopies suggest the glasses formed in the vicinity of the orthoborate stoichiometry are structurally similar to the high temperature phase of the related yttrium or rare-earth orthoborate crystals, regardless of whether the glass transition temperature lies above or below the corresponding phase transformation temperature. A relationship between the crystal phase transformation temperature and the glass transition temperature has been observed through the partial devitrification of borate melts containing relatively high yttrium content. That is, for glasses where the glass transition temperature is above the phase transformation temperature, only short-range order structural units akin to high temperature phase will be present in both the glass and any crystallization products. For glasses where the glass transition temperature is below the phase transformation temperature, the bulk glass is also made up of the short-range order structural units found in the high temperature phase; however, low temperature phase crystallites are detected with XRD. These crystallites, comprised only of tetrahedral orthoborate units arranged n B3O9^9- rings, are seen also as well-defined structures approximately 30 microns in diameter using confocal Raman microscopy. The addition of oxides with the high field strength trivalent yttrium ion to strontium borate glasses was found to depolymerize the borate network into ionic species while simultaneously increasing the glass transition temperature. In this series, the increase of the cation motion band frequency from 180 cm^-1 to 323 cm^-1 indicates the trivalent yttrium ions form stronger bonds with network oxygen than the divalent strontium ions. This correlates with the onset of the glass transition temperature increasing non-linearly from 630.7 °C to 652.2 °C for glasses containing 5 mol% and 25 mol% Y2O3, respectively. Lithium yttrium/rare-earth orthoborate glasses were found to consist solely of isolated trigonal borate units and to be insensitive to the use of either yttrium or other rare-earth elements, all of which have a well-known tetrahedral orthoborate crystalline phase. The absence of isomerization or disproportionation at the orthoborate stoichiometry implies the driving mechanism for glass formation in these glasses can be viewed as having a physical rather than chemical origin. This is to say, vitrification is dependent on the freezing-in of highly distorted, isolated trigonal borate structures - which are favored at high temperatures and in the melt compared to their tetrahedral counterpart. Several of the lithium yttrium/rare-earth orthoborate glasses were doped with Tb^3+ and the measured lifetime of the 543 nm emission using 375 nm excitation was ~2.2 ms. Measured lifetime decays, in conjunction with the relevant literature, suggest that even if trivalent rare-earth cations are present in small quantities, in a partially or fully depolymerized borate glass, the Tb^3+ ions will seek out local sites whose short range order corresponds to that of the high temperature crystalline phase. Indeed, this observation is in excellent agreement with the qualitative Raman interpretation of bulk strontium yttrium borate glasses where the introduction of the small quantities of Y2O3 is seen to induce the formation of trigonal orthoborate units below the pyroborate stoichiometry. Overall, the results obtained from the Tb^3+ doped orthoborate glasses here permit interpretation of previously unexplained published results. This is framed in the context of experimental and computational results pertaining to alkali and alkaline-earth borates that show that metal cations with high field strength will determine their local environment to a greater degree than metal cations present whose field strength is lower.
